scholarly journals Antagonistic Yeasts: A Promising Alternative to Chemical Fungicides for Controlling Postharvest Decay of Fruit

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaokang Zhang ◽  
Boqiang Li ◽  
Zhanquan Zhang ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Shiping Tian
Keyword(s):  
Host Resistance ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Postharvest Decay ◽  
The Past ◽  
Antagonistic Yeast ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Chemical Fungicides

Fruit plays an important role in human diet. Whereas, fungal pathogens cause huge losses of fruit during storage and transportation, abuse of chemical fungicides leads to serious environmental pollution and endangers human health. Antagonistic yeasts (also known as biocontrol yeasts) are promising substitutes for chemical fungicides in the control of postharvest decay owing to their widespread distribution, antagonistic ability, environmentally friendly nature, and safety for humans. Over the past few decades, the biocontrol mechanisms of antagonistic yeasts have been extensively studied, such as nutrition and space competition, mycoparasitism, and induction of host resistance. Moreover, combination of antagonistic yeasts with other agents or treatments were developed to improve the biocontrol efficacy. Several antagonistic yeasts are used commercially. In this review, the application of antagonistic yeasts for postharvest decay control is summarized, including the antagonistic yeast species and sources, antagonistic mechanisms, commercial applications, and efficacy improvement. Issues requiring further study are also discussed.

scholarly journals Responses of Yeast Biocontrol Agents to Environmental Stress

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
pp. 2968-2975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Sui ◽  
Michael Wisniewski ◽  
Samir Droby ◽  
Jia Liu
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Postharvest Diseases ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Ecological Fitness ◽  
Oxidative Stresses ◽  
Antagonistic Yeast

ABSTRACTBiological control of postharvest diseases, utilizing wild species and strains of antagonistic yeast species, is a research topic that has received considerable attention in the literature over the past 30 years. In principle, it represents a promising alternative to chemical fungicides for the management of postharvest decay of fruits, vegetables, and grains. A yeast-based biocontrol system is composed of a tritrophic interaction between a host (commodity), a pathogen, and a yeast species, all of which are affected by environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and UV light as well as osmotic and oxidative stresses. Additionally, during the production process, biocontrol agents encounter various severe abiotic stresses that also impact their viability. Therefore, understanding the ecological fitness of the potential yeast biocontrol agents and developing strategies to enhance their stress tolerance are essential to their efficacy and commercial application. The current review provides an overview of the responses of antagonistic yeast species to various environmental stresses, the methods that can be used to improve stress tolerance and efficacy, and the related mechanisms associated with improved stress tolerance.

Polyplex: A Promising Gene Delivery System

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 4681-4686
Author(s):  
Rohan Aggarwal ◽  
Monika Targhotra ◽  
Bhumika Kumar ◽  
P.K Sahoo ◽  
Meenakshi K Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Gene Delivery System ◽  
Cationic Polymers ◽  
Therapeutic Application ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Structure And Stability ◽  
The Past

In the past few years gene delivery system has gained a huge attention owing to its proved efficacy in several diseases especially in those caused by genetic and/oroncological malfunctioning. The effective gene delivery mainly depends on the carrier molecules that can ensure the safe and specific delivery of the nucleic acidmolecules. Viral vectors have been used for a longer period as the gene transfer vehicle. However, these viral vectors have potential immunological disadvantages that made them less preferred. Recently, non-viral vectors such as polyplexes have emerged as a promising alternative for viral vectors. Polyplexes are formed by conjugating a polymer with DNA and in maximum cases the cationic polymers are preferred over others. The structure and stability of the polyplexes depends on various factors. The ability of the polymer to condense the DNA mainly dictates the efficiency of the polyplex mediated transfection. In this review we are going to provide a framework for the synthesis and design of the polyplexes along with the structure and stability of the complexes pertaining to mechanism of action, characterization and therapeutic application, including polyethyleneimine mediated cytotoxicity as well as newer strategies for the generation of better polyplexes.

scholarly journals Induced Expression of Sarcotoxin IA Enhanced Host Resistance Against Both Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens in Transgenic Tobacco

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 860-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichiro Mitsuhara ◽  
Hiroki Matsufuru ◽  
Masahiro Ohshima ◽  
Hisatoshi Kaku ◽  
Yuki Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Erwinia Carotovora ◽  
Induced Expression ◽  
Sarcotoxin Ia ◽  
Resistance To Infection

We demonstrate here that induced expression of sarcotoxin IA, a bactericidal peptide from Sarcophaga peregrina, enhanced the resistance of transgenic tobacco plants to both bacterial and fungal pathogens. The peptide was produced with a modified PR1a promoter, which is further activated by salicylic acid treatment and necrotic lesion formation by pathogen infection. Host resistance to infection of bacteria Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci was shown to be dependent on the amounts of sarcotoxin IA expressed. Since we found antifungal activity of the peptide in vitro, transgenic seedlings were also inoculated with fungal pathogens Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum. Transgenic plants expressing higher levels of sarcotoxin were able to withstand fungal infection and remained healthy even after 4 weeks, while control plants were dead by fungal infection after 2 weeks.

A Review of Desiccant Cooling Systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Waugaman ◽  
A. Kini ◽  
C. F. Kettleborough
Keyword(s):  
Operating Costs ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cooling Coils ◽  
Conventional Cooling ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Made In

This paper describes recent published design advances that have been made in desiccant cooling systems. In desiccant cooling cycles, the desiccant reduces the humidity of the air by removing moisture from the air. Then the temperature is reduced by other components such as heat exchangers, evaporative coolers, or conventional cooling coils. The main advantage that desiccant cooling systems offer is the capability of using low-grade thermal energy. Desiccant cooling systems for residential and commercial applications are now being used to reduce energy-operating costs. However, the initial costs are comparatively high. The focus of research for the past decade has been to develop desiccant systems with a high coefficient of performance. Recent studies have emphasized computer modeling and hybrid systems that combine desiccant dehumidifiers with conventional systems.

scholarly journals MONITORING THE RESISTANCE OF CLINICAL STRAINS OF CANDIDA YEAST TO FLUCONAZOLE (A BRIEF LITERATURE REVIEW)

2017 ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Zheltikova
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

The article analyzes the global and national research on the resistance of Candida yeasts to fluconazole. The studies demonstrate that the formation of resistance is determined by many factors: type of yeast, choice of the antimycotic medication, geographical location, etc. In addition, one can not disregard the socio-economic and even political causes. The frequency of detection of drug-resistant strains of different species of Candida yeast to fluconazole varies across different regions, between countries of the same region, and may vary from year to year within a country. In other words, the formation of yeast resistance/ susceptibility to fluconazole, and to other antifungals alike, is dynamic and may be reversible.Therefore, both global and national studies conducted over the past decades and devoted to the formation of resistance of Candida yeast to azoles, in particular, fluconazole, have shown that it is still the medication of choice for the treatment of candidiasis, including acute vulvovaginal candidiasis, as well as for relief and prevention of exacerbations of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. C. krusei was and remains one of the most fluconazole-resistant yeast species. Other species, such as C. inconspicua and C. norvegensis, the number and incidence of which is too low for the moment to make any statistically valid conclusions, may in the future be added to the list. 

Tracing Human Ecology: The Archaeobotanical and Malacological Record

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Beresford-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Human Ecology ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
The Past

This chapter examines the ancient plant and other remains recovered from excavations. The purpose of archaeobotanical work was to reconstruct the human utilisation of plants in the past. The excavations focused on archaeological middens — the rubbish of ancient settlement. This is because they offer a record of human ecology, not least of changing human diet as evidenced in food refuse.

scholarly journals Optimization of Protective Agents for The Freeze-Drying of Paenibacillus polymyxa Kp10 as a Potential Biofungicide

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2618
Author(s):  
Hayatun Syamila Nasran ◽  
Hidayat Mohd Yusof ◽  
Murni Halim ◽  
Nor’Aini Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Paenibacillus Polymyxa ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Protective Agents ◽  
Chemical Fungicides

Anthracnose is a fungal disease causing major losses in crop production. Chemical fungicides widely used in crop plantations to combat fungal infections can be a threat to the environment and humans in the long term. Recently, biofungicides have gained much interest as an alternative to chemical fungicides due to their environmentally friendly nature. Biofungicide products in powder form can be formulated using the freeze-drying technique to provide convenient storage. Protective agent formulation is needed in maintaining the optimal viable cells of biofungicide products. In this study, 8.10 log colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL was the highest cell viability of Paenibacillus polymyxa Kp10 at 22 h during incubation. The effects of several selected protective agents on the viability of P. polymyxa Kp10 after freeze-drying were studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimizing formulation for the protective agents. The combination of lactose (10% w/v), skim milk (20% w/v), and sucrose (27.5% w/v) was found to be suitable for preserving P. polymyxa Kp10 during freeze-drying. Further, P. polymyxa Kp10 demonstrated the ability to inhibit fungal pathogens, Colletotrichum truncatum and C. gloeosporioides, at 60.18% and 66.52% of inhibition of radial growth, respectively.

scholarly journals Pathophysiology of Ganglioside GM1 in Ischemic Stroke: Ganglioside GM1: A Critical Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenchao Zhang ◽  
Paul R. Krafft ◽  
Tianlong Wang ◽  
John H. Zhang ◽  
Li Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Ganglioside Gm1 ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Ischemic Brain ◽  
Stroke Treatment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cerebral Ischemic

Ganglioside GM1 is a member of the ganglioside family which has been used in many countries and is thought of as a promising alternative treatment for preventing several neurological diseases, including cerebral ischemic injury. The therapeutic effects of GM1 have been proved both in neonates and in adults following ischemic brain damage; however, its clinical efficacy in patients with ischemic stroke is still uncertain. This review examines the recent knowledge of the neuroprotective properties of GM1 in ischemic stroke, collected in the past two decades. We conclude that GM1 may have potential for stroke treatment, although we need to be cautious in respect of its complications.

scholarly journals Extracting novel hypotheses and findings from RNA-seq data

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Doughty ◽  
Eduard Kerkhoven
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
High Quality ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
The Past ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
Extract Information

ABSTRACT Over the past decade, improvements in technology and methods have enabled rapid and relatively inexpensive generation of high-quality RNA-seq datasets. These datasets have been used to characterize gene expression for several yeast species and have provided systems-level insights for basic biology, biotechnology and medicine. Herein, we discuss new techniques that have emerged and existing techniques that enable analysts to extract information from multifactorial yeast RNA-seq datasets. Ultimately, this minireview seeks to inspire readers to query datasets, whether previously published or freshly obtained, with creative and diverse methods to discover and support novel hypotheses.

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