scholarly journals The Secretomes of Aspergillus japonicus and Aspergillus terreus Supplement the Rovabio® Enzyme Cocktail for the Degradation of Soybean Meal for Animal Feed

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 278
Author(s):  
Delphine Grandmontagne ◽  
David Navarro ◽  
Virginie Neugnot-Roux ◽  
Simon Ladevèze ◽  
Jean-Guy Berrin
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharides ◽  
Aspergillus Japonicus ◽  
Poultry Breeding ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Digestive Disorders ◽  
Study Offer

One of the challenges of the 21st century will be to feed more than 10 billion people by 2050. In animal feed, one of the promising approaches is to use agriculture by-products such as soybean meal as it represents a rich source of proteins. However, soybean meal proteins are embedded in a complex plant cell wall matrix, mostly composed of pectic polysaccharides, which are recalcitrant to digestion for animals and can cause digestive disorders in poultry breeding. In this study, we explored fungal diversity to find enzymes acting on soybean meal components. An exploration of almost 50 fungal strains enabled the identification of two strains (Aspergillus terreus and Aspergillus japonicus), which improved the solubilization of soybean meal in terms of polysaccharides and proteins. The two Aspergilli strains identified in the frame of this study offer a promising solution to process industrial food coproducts into suitable animal feed solutions.

scholarly journals Animal Feed from Microalgae Grown on Biogas Digestate as Sustainable Alternative to Imported Soybean Meal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Elshamy ◽  
Christine Rösch
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Biogas Digestate ◽  
Promising Solution ◽  
Research Facilities

Abstract This work investigates the environmental potential to develop a circular economy solution to create benefit from agricultural waste by integrating microalgae technology into the nutrient-rich digestate (NRD) stream from anaerobic digestion plants. Different environmental benefits can be captured by algal uptake of nitrate and the scarce resource phosphorus from biogas digestate. First, unwanted excess nutrients polluting groundwater are reduced and second, the algal animal feed can substitute soybean meal (SM) imported to North-Western Europe (NWE). That allows a decentralised circular bio-economy and avoids deforestation of rainforests due to SM overseas import. Life cycle assessments were conducted based on novel data from engineers in academia and industry, acquired through pilot-scale research facilities in United Kingdom, France, and Belgium. The findings of this study highlight the environmental impacts of three different technologies with varying scales of production and offer recommendations based on sensitive analysis for more sustainable pathways. In this study, a pilot-scale bio-refinery is considered a promising solution to excess nutrients in fertilisers in the NWE and an alternative source for imported SM as an animal feed source, having a comparable environmental footprint.

scholarly journals Thermophilic Degradation of Hemicellulose, a Critical Feedstock in the Production of Bioenergy and Other Value-Added Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Cann ◽  
Gabriel V. Pereira ◽  
Ahmed M. Abdel-Hamid ◽  
Heejin Kim ◽  
Daniel Wefers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Renewable Fuels ◽  
Microbial Enzymes

ABSTRACT Renewable fuels have gained importance as the world moves toward diversifying its energy portfolio. A critical step in the biomass-to-bioenergy initiative is deconstruction of plant cell wall polysaccharides to their unit sugars for subsequent fermentation to fuels. To acquire carbon and energy for their metabolic processes, diverse microorganisms have evolved genes encoding enzymes that depolymerize polysaccharides to their carbon/energy-rich building blocks. The microbial enzymes mostly target the energy present in cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, three major forms of energy storage in plants. In the effort to develop bioenergy as an alternative to fossil fuel, a common strategy is to harness microbial enzymes to hydrolyze cellulose to glucose for fermentation to fuels. However, the conversion of plant biomass to renewable fuels will require both cellulose and hemicellulose, the two largest components of the plant cell wall, as feedstock to improve economic feasibility. Here, we explore the enzymes and strategies evolved by two well-studied bacteria to depolymerize the hemicelluloses xylan/arabinoxylan and mannan. The sets of enzymes, in addition to their applications in biofuels and value-added chemical production, have utility in animal feed enzymes, a rapidly developing industry with potential to minimize adverse impacts of animal agriculture on the environment.

scholarly journals Tropical kudzu as a protein source in sheep diets

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 933
Author(s):  
Camila Carvalho da Paz ◽  
Aníbal Coutinho do Rêgo ◽  
Cristian Faturi ◽  
Luiz Fernando De Souza Rodrigues ◽  
José Adérito Rodrigues Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Formulated Diets ◽  
Inclusion Level

Protein nutrition plays a key role in ruminant performance and represents the largest proportion of costs in animal feed. The present study evaluated whether the roughage portion of Santa Inês sheep diets could be supplemented with different ratios of tropical kudzu as a protein source and assessed the best inclusion level of tropical kudzu based on digestibility, intake, nitrogen balance and feeding behavior. Twenty rams were evaluated during the 20-day experimental period, and they were fed formulated diets with a roughage portion (60%) consisting of Elephant grass and tropical kudzu, the latter supplemented at different concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 75% on a dry matter basis). Forty percent of the concentrate portion consisted primarily of ground corn and soybean meal adjusted to obtain an isoproteic diet. Chemical and bromatological analyses, as well as, analyses to assess intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance and feeding behavior, were conducted. No statistically significant differences were found (P>0.05) for the intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), hemicellulose (HEMI), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) or for the feeding behavior (feeding, rumination and idle times in h/day) and nitrogen balance between the diets studied. Thus, tropical kudzu can be considered a feed alternative to supplementation with prime protein foods (in this case, soybean meal) in sheep diets.

Production of fibrolytic enzymes by Aspergillus japonicus C03 using agro-industrial residues with potential application as additives in animal feed

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Dell Antonio Facchini ◽  
Ana Claudia Vici ◽  
Victor Ricardo Amin Reis ◽  
João Atilio Jorge ◽  
Héctor Francisco Terenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Application ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Aspergillus Japonicus ◽  
Fibrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Industrial Residues ◽  
Aspergillus Japonicus C03

scholarly journals Diversity of Feed Storage Pest Beetle in Banten Province

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Nasrul Friamsa ◽  
Witjaksono Witjaksono ◽  
Arman Wijonarko
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Cryptolestes Ferrugineus ◽  
Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽  
Corn Gluten Meal ◽  
Corn Gluten

Banten province is a growing industrial area, where many industrial items were prepared including animal feed whose raw materials are mostly imported from abroad. Therefore, monitoring feed storage is very important to ensure the existence of pest insects in storage warehouse and to prevent the entry of plant quarantine pest organism (OPTK) which may be carried by imported feed raw materials. The identification, diversity and evenness of pest beetle species in five feed storages in Banten province region have been done. Feed sampling was done using hand sampling method. Samples taken from the diagonal corner and center of storage, respectively as much as 250 grams four times within one-week interval. The results were that 13 species of pest beetles from seven families were intercepted. Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Rhizoperta dominica, and Tribolium castaneum pest beetles were the dominant insects attacking five storages. Specifically, the dominant pest beetles in each commodity were: T. castaneum on soybean meal (SBM); C. ferrugineus and T. castaneum on corn; T. castaneum and R. dominica on corn gluten meal (CGM); T. castaneum and Sitophilus zeamais on wheat; T. castaneum on soybeans; and Oryzaephilus surinamensis in sorghum. Environmental factors, the type and duration of stored commodities were found to be the factors supporting the existence of pest beetle species. The highest diversity of pest beetle varieties was found in warehouse A with a value of 1.552 which was considered as moderate diversity. The evenness index of pest beetle species showed that warehouses A and E were in unstable conditions. Meanwhile, the warehouses B, C, and D were in  depressed conditions dominated by certain species of pest beetle. IntisariProvinsi Banten merupakan daerah industri yang terus berkembang, termasuk industri pakan ternak yang bahan bakunya sebagian besar diimpor dari luar negeri. Oleh sebab itu, pengawasan terhadap gudang penyimpanan pakan sangat penting dilakukan untuk mengawasi keberadaan serangga hama pada gudang penyimpanan dan mencegah masuknya Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan Karantina (OPTK) yang mungkin terbawa bahan baku pakan yang diimpor. Identifikasi, keanekaragaman serta kemerataan jenis kumbang hama pada lima gudang penyimpanan pakan di wilayah Banten telah dilakukan. Pengambilan sampel bahan pakan menggunakan metode hand sampling. Sampel diambil pada bagian sudut dan bagian tengah secara diagonal masing-masing sebanyak 250 gram sebanyak 4 kali dengan interval waktu 1 minggu sekali. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 13 jenis kumbang hama dari 7 famili. Kumbang hama jenis Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Rhyzoperta dominica, dan Tribolium castaneum merupakan serangga yang dominan menyerang kelima gudang penyimpanan. Jenis kumbang hama yang dominan pada masing-masing komoditas adalah T. castaneum pada soybean meal (SBM); C. ferrugineus dan T. castaneum pada komoditas jagung; T. castaneum dan R. dominica pada corn gluten meal (CGM); T. castaneum dan Sitophilus zeamais pada gandum; T. castaneum pada kedelai; dan Oryzaephilus surinamensis pada sorgum. Faktor lingkungan, jenis dan lama komoditas yang disimpan merupakan faktor pendukung keberadaan suatu jenis kumbang hama. Indeks keanekaragaman jenis kumbang hama tertinggi ditemukan pada gudang A dengan nilai 1,552 menggambarkan keanekaragaman tergolong sedang. Nilai indeks kemerataan jenis kumbang hama menunjukkan bahwa gudang A dan gudang E termasuk dalam kondisi labil; sedangkan gudang B, C, dan D termasuk dalam kondisi tertekan dengan didominasi oleh jenis kumbang hama tertentu.

scholarly journals A simple approach to recycle broiler litter as animal feed

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (55) ◽  
pp. 6963-6975
Author(s):  
OA Makinde ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Broiler Litter ◽  
Cattle Blood

Broiler litter (BL) is a major waste from poultry production that constitutes serious disposal and environmental pollution problems globally despite its potential as animal feed. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a simple procedure for converting broiler litter into animal feed using wheat offal (WO) and cattle blood (B) as absorbent and nutrient booster, respectively. Initially, broiler litter was mixed with increasing concentrations (w/w) of blood at 1:1 or 1:2 or 1:3, and then each to WO at 1:1 or 1:2 or 1:3, making nine different ratios/blends before sun drying for 4 h. Finally, three blends (BL:B - 1:1 or 1:2 or 1:3 each mixed to WO at 1:1) were selected for nutrient evaluation based on economic considerations and capacity to dry to ≤10% moisture content in 4 h. The blends and feces were analyzed for proximate composition. Birds were tube-fed respective blends, feces collected after 48 h and dried for 48 h at 60oC. Dry matter, apparent and true crude protein digestibilities were determined. Soybean meal, considered as the standard protein, analyzed for dry matter, apparent and true crude protein digestibility was compared to the blends. The results showed that all the nine different blends dried to ≤ 10% moisture content in 4 h (range, 6 – 9%) and the blends with the highest WO content had the lowest (P<0.01) moisture contents. The three blends had crude protein and crude fiber ranging from about 19 – 28% and 8 - 12%, respectively. The blend with the highest blood concentration BL:B [1:3] to WO at 1:1) was superior (P<0.01) to soybean meal in dry matter, apparent and true crude protein digestibility by broiler chickens. A simple method was developed to recycle broiler litter as animal feed in combination with wheat offal and cattle blood. The resulting product showed good potential as feedstuff for broiler chickens.

scholarly journals New steps in mucilage biosynthesis revealed by analysis of the transcriptome of the UDP-rhamnose/UDP-galactose transporter 2 mutant

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (19) ◽  
pp. 5071-5088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Parra-Rojas ◽  
Asier Largo-Gosens ◽  
Tomás Carrasco ◽  
Jonathan Celiz-Balboa ◽  
Verónica Arenas-Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Uronic Acid ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Pectic Polysaccharides ◽  
Rhamnogalacturonan I ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Compensation Mechanisms ◽  
Encoding Genes ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Upon imbibition, epidermal cells of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds release a mucilage formed mostly by pectic polysaccharides. The Arabidopsis mucilage is composed mainly of unbranched rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I), with low amounts of cellulose, homogalacturonan, and traces of xylan, xyloglucan, galactoglucomannan, and galactan. The pectin-rich composition of the mucilage and their simple extractability makes this structure a good candidate to study the biosynthesis of pectic polysaccharides and their modification. Here, we characterize the mucilage phenotype of a mutant in the UDP-rhamnose/galactose transporter 2 (URGT2), which exhibits a reduction in RG-I and also shows pleiotropic changes, suggesting the existence of compensation mechanisms triggered by the lack of URGT2. To gain an insight into the possible compensation mechanisms activated in the mutant, we performed a transcriptome analysis of developing seeds using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). The results showed a significant misregulation of 3149 genes, 37 of them (out of the 75 genes described to date) encoding genes proposed to be involved in mucilage biosynthesis and/or its modification. The changes observed in urgt2 included the up-regulation of UAFT2, a UDP-arabinofuranose transporter, and UUAT3, a paralog of the UDP-uronic acid transporter UUAT1, suggesting that they play a role in mucilage biosynthesis. Mutants in both genes showed changes in mucilage composition and structure, confirming their participation in mucilage biosynthesis. Our results suggest that plants lacking a UDP-rhamnose/galactose transporter undergo important changes in gene expression, probably to compensate modifications in the plant cell wall due to the lack of a gene involved in its biosynthesis.

125 Nutritional and Extra-nutritional Compounds in Fruit and Vegetable Waste and Their Potential for Use in Dietary Supplements

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 66-66
Author(s):  
Mario M Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Solution Viscosity ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable

Abstract Since the beginning of the 20th century, fruits and vegetables have historically been promoted as an important part of the human diet. The plethora of epidemiological and intervention studies has shown, since then, positive associations between fruit and vegetable intake and improved health outcomes and/or prevention of certain chronic diseases. In this regard, dietary fiber has traditionally been viewed as having beneficial effects due to inherent physical properties of solution viscosity and insoluble particles coupled with fermentation by colonic bacteria. However, it is now clear that they exert an important function as a carrier for phytonutrients, which is particularly important for fruits and vegetables, which often have high contents of bioactive phytonutrients such as polyphenols. Remarkably, production and processing of fruit and vegetables for human consumption results in a large amount of food waste due to their high-water contents, fast respiration rate, high sensitivity to environmental factors, and/or presence of inedible parts. Although the utilization of fruit and vegetable waste as animal feed is limited due to their low content of digestible energy, their rich palette of dietary fibers and polyphenols could make it a rich source of health-promoting dietary compounds. As an example, interest in the ability of dietary fibers and (poly)phenolic compounds to influence carbohydrate metabolism and colonic health could make problematical fruit and vegetable biomass a game-changer source of dietary supplements. This presentation will cover recent progress on the nature of interactions between polyphenols and the plant cell wall, how this affects polyphenol bioaccessibility and bioavailability during digestion, and how processing can result in dietary supplements with tailored structure and solubility of their dietary fibers and chemical stability and bioaccesibility of their (poly)phenolic compounds.

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