scholarly journals CEO–Employee Pay Gap, Productivity and Value Creation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Wojciech Przychodzen ◽  
Fernando Gómez-Bezares
Keyword(s):  
Value Creation ◽  
Capital Intensity ◽  
Inequality Aversion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Standard And Poor's ◽  
Female Ceos ◽  
Salary Differential ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Productivity Gains

This study examines the effect of the CEO–employee pay gap on productivity and performance. Using extensive data of 751 constituents of the Standard and Poor’s (S&P) 1500 index between the years 1992–2016, we found a cubic relationship between salary differential and corporate productivity, with a rising gap adversely affecting productivity principally when it is both too low, as well as too high; intermediate pay inequality levels are less influential. A contrast in the productivity effects of the CEO–worker pay gap for firms with high average salaries and more employees was noticeable, whereas positive productivity gains were present even with a high salary gap. Thus, big companies with a highly skilled workforce are able to achieve tangible benefits through higher salary differentiation. On the other hand, companies with lower average salaries and lower capital intensity were characterized by the negative effects of wage dispersion on productivity. As a result, increasing inequality aversion is an important issue affecting performance among smaller, lower skilled labor dependent firms. Additionally, female CEOs had a significant and positive lagged effect on productivity. Finally, firm market valuation was positively stimulated by the increasing pay gap.

Undesirable Effects of Goal Setting on Perceived Fairness, Commitment, and Unethical Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Keith
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Goal Commitment ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Performance

Abstract. The positive effects of goal setting on motivation and performance are among the most established findings of industrial–organizational psychology. Accordingly, goal setting is a common management technique. Lately, however, potential negative effects of goal-setting, for example, on unethical behavior, are increasingly being discussed. This research replicates and extends a laboratory experiment conducted in the United States. In one of three goal conditions (do-your-best goals, consistently high goals, increasingly high goals), 101 participants worked on a search task in five rounds. Half of them (transparency yes/no) were informed at the outset about goal development. We did not find the expected effects on unethical behavior but medium-to-large effects on subjective variables: Perceived fairness of goals and goal commitment were least favorable in the increasing-goal condition, particularly in later goal rounds. Results indicate that when designing goal-setting interventions, organizations may consider potential undesirable long-term effects.

scholarly journals Differences in Disclosure of Integrated Reports at Energy and Non-Energy Companies

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1253
Author(s):  
Maja Piesiewicz ◽  
Marlena Ciechan-Kujawa ◽  
Paweł Kufel
Keyword(s):  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Financial Data ◽  
Integrated Reporting ◽  
Creation Process ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Energy Companies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Value Creation Process

Integrated reports combine financial and non-financial data into a comprehensive report outlining the company’s value creation process. Our objective is to find the completeness of disclosures, which is a crucial aspect of an integrated report’s quality. This study contributes to the integrated reporting examination by identifying quantitative and qualitative gaps when applying Integrated Reporting standards, focusing on the energy sector. We conducted the study on 57 published integrated reports of listed companies in Poland. The content of each report was examined for 49 features divided into eight areas. We identify the strengths and weaknesses of current reporting performance and the impact of the company’s sector on reports’ quality. We noted that there are significant differences among the areas. The major problems concern implementing IIRC’s framework on the connections between the business model and the organization’s strategy, risks, opportunities, and performance. Our research also noted that the level of specific disclosures might be related to a company’s ownership structure. We investigated the significance of differences among companies from the energy and non-energy sectors using statistical methods. As a result of the study, we obtained that disclosures’ completeness depends on the operation sector. The companies in the energy sector publish higher-quality integrated reports than companies in the other sectors.

scholarly journals Bacillus subtilis-Based Probiotic Improves Skeletal Health and Immunity in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Heat Stress

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1494
Author(s):  
Sha Jiang ◽  
Fei-Fei Yan ◽  
Jia-Ying Hu ◽  
Ahmed Mohammed ◽  
Heng-Wei Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Welfare Issue ◽  
And Performance

The elevation of ambient temperature beyond the thermoneutral zone leads to heat stress, which is a growing health and welfare issue for homeothermic animals aiming to maintain relatively constant reproducibility and survivability. Particularly, global warming over the past decades has resulted in more hot days with more intense, frequent, and long-lasting heat waves, resulting in a global surge in animals suffering from heat stress. Heat stress causes pathophysiological changes in animals, increasing stress sensitivity and immunosuppression, consequently leading to increased intestinal permeability (leaky gut) and related neuroinflammation. Probiotics, as well as prebiotics and synbiotics, have been used to prevent or reduce stress-induced negative effects on physiological and behavioral homeostasis in humans and various animals. The current data indicate dietary supplementation with a Bacillus subtilis-based probiotic has similar functions in poultry. This review highlights the recent findings on the effects of the probiotic Bacillus subtilis on skeletal health of broiler chickens exposed to heat stress. It provides insights to aid in the development of practical strategies for improving health and performance in poultry.

Dealing with organizational silos with communities of practice and human resource management

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 473-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riitta Forsten-Astikainen ◽  
Pia Hurmelinna-Laukkanen ◽  
Tuija Lämsä ◽  
Pia Heilmann ◽  
Elina Hyrkäs
Keyword(s):  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Organizational Boundaries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Competence Management ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hr Managers ◽  
Hr Function

Purpose Organizational silos that build on the existing organizational structures are often considered to have negative effects in the form of focus on private narrow objectives and organizational fragmentation. To avoid such harmful outcomes, competence management is called for, and in this, the human resources (HR) function takes a key role. Among other things, it can provide basis for emergence and utilization of communities of practice (CoPs) that build on common interests and effectively cross organizational boundaries. These features of CoPs allow them to carry competences and ease knowledge transfer and to break down the harmful isolation. Quite paradoxically, the challenge is that CoPs can also form within silos, thereby strengthening isolation, and HR as a utility department can itself be particularly prone to the silo effects. Examination of boundaries and silos through an original study conducted in a Finnish energy sector company suggests that HR managers need competences outside their own expertise area and courage to augment their CoPs across the functional boundaries to break out of the HR silo and to assist other functions to do the same. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on qualitative research data gathered in four focus group interviews with HR personnel from an energy sector company in November 2012. Totally, 19 professionals were interviewed (five HR partners, five talent development and performance managers, five vice presidents of HR and four HR managers) in the four focus groups. The company’s HR personnel represented units from Finland, Sweden, Poland and Estonia. Findings Examination of boundaries and silos in the Finnish energy sector suggests that HR managers need competences outside their own field (e.g. knowledge of the business and offerings of the firm) and courage to augment their CoPs across the functional boundaries to break out of the HR silo and to assist other functions to do the same. Originality/value Research provided that CoPs can have different effects on silos. As they are capable of crossing organizational and functional boundaries, they may effectively mitigate adverse silo effects; however, if CoPs are formed within silos, they may strengthen isolation and fragmentation. In addition, utility departments and supporting functions are particularly prone to the risk of CoPs forming within silos. The HR function is one manifestation of this. Paradoxically, it also has the potential to enhance the other type of effects that CoPs can exert, as competence management can be used to foster intentional and self-organizing CoPs that counter silo effects.

scholarly journals Data Control Wars: Collaborative Fiction, Transition Design and Technological Sovereignty

2020 ◽  
pp. 208-239
Author(s):  
Andreu Belsunces Gonçalves ◽  
Grace Polifroni Turtle ◽  
Antonio Calleja ◽  
Raul Nieves Pardo ◽  
Bani Brusadin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Effects ◽  
Social Imagination ◽  
Sociology Of Expectations ◽  
Data Control ◽  
The Social ◽  
Transition Strategies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Research Action ◽  
Political Economic

Data Control Wars seeks to explore the development of different futures regarding the extraction, management and exploitation of data and its political, economic and cultural consequences. It has been designed as a research-action device through play, generative conflict, collaborative fiction and performance with three specific objectives: to observe social expectations regarding the relationship between industry, democracy, citizenship and data; to stimulate social imagination through the simulation of sociotechnical scenarios, thus decolonising imaginaries captured by techno-capitalist logic; and to rehearsal transition strategies towards technological sovereignty. This article presents the Data Control Wars case study and explains its functioning. Moreover, it sets out the theoretical scaffolding – which goes from post-human philosophy to critical design passing through the sociology of expectations – that supports it and presents some of the results. After three activations in three different contexts, Data Control Wars has proven useful as an educational tool to address the potential positive and negative effects of using data, as a space for testing strategies on transition design, as a method to identify some of the myths articulated by the social perception of the technological industry and the power of agency that we hold over it and, finally, as a device to question techno-capitalist cultural hegemony through the construction of other stories about what the technosocial body can be.

scholarly journals Do Frugal and Reverse Innovation Foster Sustainability? Introduction of a Conceptual Framework

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Brem ◽  
Björn Ivens
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Reverse Innovation ◽  
Sustainability Management ◽  
Sustainability Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

The fields of frugal and reverse innovation as well as sustainability and its management have received tremendous interest in recent times. However, there is little literature on how both fields are related to each other. Hence, this paper gives an overview of research in both areas and provides a view of the relationship between frugal and reverse innovation, sustainability management and performance constructs. The link between frugal and reverse innovation on the one hand and sustainability performance on the other hand is established through a differentiated perspective on dimensions representing different fields of sustainability management, i.e. the sustainability of resources used in value creation, the sustainability of the actual value creation processes, and the sustainability of the outcomes of value creation processes. Moreover, we also argue for a positive link between the three dimensions of sustainability management and a company’s market performance.

Performance of Mid-Size Internationalized Indian Firms: Evaluating the Role of Family Control

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 387-400
Author(s):  
Faisal M Ahsan ◽  
Ajay Singal
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Firms ◽  
International Expansion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Family Control ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Performance Heterogeneity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Degree Of Internationalization

The rapidly growing and gradual emergence of multinational firms from the Indian sub-continent now calls for thorough re-understandings of extant theories and existing ideologies of the ‘internationalization’ process. We would initially assess the three-stage model of internationalization in the context of mid-size Indian firms and intend to investigate the relationship between performance and degree of internationalization. Based on the longitudinal dataset (2005-12) of publicly listed firms, our findings suggested that mid-size firms remained stuck up in the first stage of internationalization and accordingly exhibit a downward-sloping relationship between internationalization’s degree and performance. Most of the mid-size firms continued to show a predominantly family-controlled stance, and the impact of family ownership shows negative effects on the degree of internationalization. By examining the performance heterogeneity in family-owned firms towards internationalization, this paper enriches the existing body of research and assume it to be a prolific addition in the literature on international expansion.

Policy Uncertainty and Accounting Quality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadok El Ghoul ◽  
Omrane Guedhami ◽  
Yongtae Kim ◽  
Hyo Jin Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Policy Uncertainty ◽  
Accounting Quality ◽  
Trading Behavior ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Media Freedom ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data

Using data from 19 countries over the 1990-2015 period, we examine how economic policy uncertainty (EPU) affects accounting quality. We find that accounting quality, measured based on Nikolaev's (2018) model, increases during periods of high policy uncertainty. This relation is confirmed by the negative association between EPU and performance-adjusted discretionary accruals in a multivariate setting, and it extends to various alternative measures of earnings properties. We also find that the positive relation between EPU and accounting quality is more pronounced for government-dependent firms and firms with higher political risk. Additional analyses based on institutional investors' trading behavior, media freedom, and press circulation suggest that market participants' attention is a mechanism through which EPU affects accounting quality. Further, we find evidence that high accounting quality can mitigate the negative effects of EPU on corporate investment and valuation.

Embracing Organizational Trauma

2017 ◽  
pp. 1526-1542
Author(s):  
Mike Szymanski ◽  
Erik Schindler
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Organizational Behaviour ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Organizational Trauma ◽  
Near Death Experiences

Organizational trauma is traditionally associated with negative effects on organizational behavior and performance. In this chapter the authors seek to answer the question how organizational trauma, and in particular near-death experiences, can positively influence organizational culture in the long term. In doing so, the authors briefly review the recent literature on organizational trauma and near death experiences, and discuss how these negative traumatic experiences can turn into prosocial organizational behaviour. The authors then present three case studies to illustrate how an organization can manage to incorporate near death experiences into its organizational culture in a positive way.

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