scholarly journals Is Industry Size a Carrier for Wage Inequality? A Panel Study Addressing Independent Variables of Inherently Different Sizes across Units

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 436
Author(s):  
Jarle Aarstad ◽  
Olav Andreas Kvitastein
Keyword(s):  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Monopolistic Competition ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Size Increase ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Small Industries ◽  
Random Change ◽  
Number Of Firms

We address how independent variables of inherently different sizes across units, e.g., small vs. large industries, in panel regression is an advantage interpretively. Analyzing a Norwegian industry panel, we find that wage inequality is a function of industry size, particularly size increase, in an absolute number of firms. A possible reason is that specialized skilled employees negotiate higher wages when there are many legal entities. The findings can also imply that wage inequality is more sensitive to random change, particularly an increase, in large rather than small industries. We conclude that particularly large industries are positive carriers of wage inequality and discuss potential underlying causal mechanisms such as monopolistic competition.

scholarly journals Application of Multivariate Modeling for Radiation Injury Assessment: A Proof of Concept

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Bolduc ◽  
Vilmar Villa ◽  
David J. Sandgren ◽  
G. David Ledney ◽  
William F. Blakely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Power ◽  
Radiation Injury ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Serum Chemistry ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Estimation Algorithms ◽  
Injury Assessment ◽  
Total Body

Multivariate radiation injury estimation algorithms were formulated for estimating severe hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome (H-ARS) injury (i.e., response category three or RC3) in a rhesus monkey total-body irradiation (TBI) model. Classical CBC and serum chemistry blood parameters were examined prior to irradiation (d 0) and on d 7, 10, 14, 21, and 25 after irradiation involving 24 nonhuman primates (NHP) (Macaca mulatta) given 6.5-Gy60CoΥ-rays (0.4 Gy min−1) TBI. A correlation matrix was formulated with the RC3 severity level designated as the “dependent variable” and independent variables down selected based on their radioresponsiveness and relatively low multicollinearity using stepwise-linear regression analyses. Final candidate independent variables included CBC counts (absolute number of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets) in formulating the “CBC” RC3 estimation algorithm. Additionally, the formulation of a diagnostic CBC and serum chemistry “CBC-SCHEM” RC3 algorithm expanded upon the CBC algorithm model with the addition of hematocrit and the serum enzyme levels of aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Both algorithms estimated RC3 with over 90% predictive power. Only the CBC-SCHEM RC3 algorithm, however, met the critical three assumptions of linear least squares demonstrating slightly greater precision for radiation injury estimation, but with significantly decreased prediction error indicating increased statistical robustness.

PRODUCTION SUBSIDY AS A MACROECONOMIC POLICY IN A STAGNATION ECONOMY

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (02) ◽  
pp. 317-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
WATARU JOHDO
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Utility Function ◽  
Monopolistic Competition ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Macroeconomic Policy ◽  
Elasticity Of Substitution ◽  
Nominal Wage ◽  
Differentiated Products ◽  
Effective Demand ◽  
Number Of Firms

This paper analyzes the effects of a changing production subsidy in a model with money-in-the-utility function for households, monopolistic competition amongst an endogenously-determined number of firms, and nominal wage sluggishness that can prevent the equilibrium from attaining full employment. Its conclusion is that in a steady state with less than full employment (that is, under stagnation), a larger production subsidy will promote entry and stimulate effective demand provided that the elasticity of substitution among the differentiated products is sufficiently high. This paper is motivated by recent Japanese experiences.

scholarly journals International Factor Mobility, Production Cost Components, and Wage Inequality

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiancai Pi ◽  
Yu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Monopolistic Competition ◽  
Production Factor ◽  
Cost Functions ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Factor Mobility ◽  
Different Types ◽  
International Factor Mobility ◽  
Cost Components

Abstract The present paper establishes a two-sector monopolistic competition model to investigate how international factor mobility influences the skilled–unskilled wage inequality when the monopolistically competitive sector producing final goods is characterized by various types of production cost functions. We discuss three types of production cost functions of the monopolistically competitive sector. Different types of production cost functions have different production factor components of variable and fixed costs. We find that differences in production cost components of the monopolistically competitive sector matter for the impacts of international factor mobility on the skilled–unskilled wage inequality.

scholarly journals PENGARUH TINGKAT PENDIDIKAN DAN TINGKAT KESEHATAN TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS TENAGA KERJA DI PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Hanif Hanif ◽  
Nadia Rista
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Health Level ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Inductive Analysis

This study aims to determine 1) Effect of Education Level on Labor Productivity in West Sumatera 2) Effect of Health Level on Labor Productivity in West Sumatera 3) Influence together education level and level of health to Labor productivity in West Sumatra. The type of this research is descriptive and associative. The type of data used pooling or panel. Data analysis techniques, namely descriptive and inductive analysis. Inductive analysis includes 1) Hausman Test 2) Chow-Test 3) Analysis of Panel Regression Model, selected result on REM. To see the significance of the effect of independent variables on dependent variable used 1) Test t and 2) Test F with 5% real level. The results of the research are (1) Educational level has a significant and positive effect on labor productivity in West Sumatra. with value (prob = 0.0000 á = 0,05), (2) Health level have a significant and positive effect to labor productivity in West Sumatera (prob = 0.0000 á = 0,05).

scholarly journals Determinants of Credit Risk: Evidence From Commercial Banks in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
Noor Hafizha Muhamad Yusuf ◽  
Mohamad Shukery Mohamad Shamsudin ◽  
Wan Mohd Yaseer Mohd Abdoh ◽  
Noor Sharida Badri Shah ◽  
Rozihanim Shekh Zain
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Interest Income ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between microeconomic factors with credit risk among selected commercial banks in Malaysia. For this purpose, a sample of seven out of 27 commercial banks in Malaysia was selected and the microeconomic factors affecting credit risk with six measurements of return on asset (ROA), bank size, leverage, the ratio of capital, interest income and return on equity (ROE) were examined by applying Panel Regression Fixed Effect (FE) Model for a period 20 years from 1998 to 2017. The scope of the study covers seven selected commercial banks in Malaysia namely: Affin Bank Berhad, Alliance Bank Malaysia Berhad, CIMB Bank Berhad, Hong Leong Bank Berhad, Malayan Banking Berhad, Public Bank Berhad and RHB Bank Berhad. This study is using credit risk proxy by non-performing loan for dependent variable while independent variables that have been selected were returned on asset (ROA), bank size, leverage, the ratio of capital, interest income and return on equity (ROE). The findings of the study managed to reject the null hypothesis for return on asset, bank size, leverage, interest income and return on equity which indicates the five microeconomic variables give a significant relationship with credit risk. There are positive relationships between leverage, interest income and return on equity with credit risk while return on asset, bank size and ratio of capital are negatively related to credit risk. However, the study fails to find any significant relationship between the ratio of capital and credit risk for commercial banks in Malaysia.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA INDUSTRI KECIL DI 19 KABUPATEN/KOTA PROPINSI SUMATERA BARAT

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Ariusni Ariusni ◽  
Mike Triani
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Skill Level ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Industrial Employment ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Small Industry ◽  
Production Value ◽  
Small Industries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between variables wage estimates, the value of production and the number of small industries to total workers absorbed in the small industry 19 districts/cities in West Sumatra. Results of panel regression model showed that there is no significant effect on wages caused by the rigidity of wages or salaries that balances inflexible employment so the impact will be an increase in unemployment in the county/city of West Sumatra Province. The production value has no significant effect on employment in the county/city of West Sumatra Province. This is due to the labor working with a low level of productivity of labor in which the ability to produce goods is limited due to the low skill level of each area. Number of small industry has significant effect on industrial employment of small industries in 19 districts/cities in West Sumatra Province. This suggests that increasing the number of small industries will have broad impact on employment in the regions of West Sumatra Province.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Struktur Modal dan Kemampulabaan Terhadap Return Saham Perusahaan Properti dan Real Estate Yang Terdaftar di BEI Tahun 2013-2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Wadudi Wibowo ◽  
Ani Mekaniwati
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Capital Structure ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Property Companies ◽  
Two Independent Variables

This research is to acknowledge the influence of capital structure and profitability to the stock returns of the listed real estate and property companies in BEI on 2013-2015. This research consists of two independent variables regarding capital structure and profitability, and one dependent variable regarding stock returns. Data used is secondary data which could be accessed from www.idx.co.id . The hypothesis testing in this research uses data panel regression model. The results are: 1) positive & significant results between DER towards capital returns 2) positive & significant results between NPM towards capital returns. The contributions for potential investors, this research was hoped to increase the knowledges of financial information of the companies specialised in real estate & properties sector. Also hoped to give good contributions to discussion on financial analysis particularly related with DER, NPM & capital returns.   Keywords : capital structure, profitability, stock returns, and data panel regression

A Note on the Existence of the Competitive Equilibrium in Grossman and Shapiro (1984)

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Creane
Keyword(s):  
Monopolistic Competition ◽  
Competitive Equilibrium ◽  
Differentiated Products ◽  
Informative Advertising ◽  
Seminal Paper ◽  
Economic Studies ◽  
Number Of Firms

Abstract In their seminal paper, Grossman, G. M., and C. Shapiro. 1984. “Informative Advertising with Differentiated Products.” The Review of Economic Studies 51: 63–81 assume that it is not profitable for a firm to deviate to the supercompetitive price of Salop, S. C. 1979. “Monopolistic Competition with outside Goods.” The Bell Journal of Economics 10: 141–56. In this note, it is shown that this assumption is violated if, roughly, each firm reaches less than half of all consumers unless it is a duopoly. This implies that most of the simulations in Grossman, G. M., and C. Shapiro. 1984. “Informative Advertising with Differentiated Products.” The Review of Economic Studies 51: 63–81 are not actually equilibria. More importantly, this implies that for their equilibrium to exist nearly all consumers must receive at least one ad. For example, with just four firms in the market, at least 96% of the consumers must receive at least one ad, and this percentage increases with the number of firms in the market.

scholarly journals ANALISIS DETERMINAN KETIMPANGAN PENDAPATAN DI INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Aufa Oksamulya ◽  
Ali Anis
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
And Migration

The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of education, foreign direct investment (FDI), and migration to income inequality in Indonesia. Using secondary data in the form of panel regression in 32 Indonesian provinces from 2014-2018 (sourced from the Central Statistics Agency). The independent variables in this test are Education (X1), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) (X2), and migration (X3). Data is processed by panel data analysis, there are several tests on inductive analysis, namely: (1) Panel Regression Model (2) Classical Assumption Test (3) t test (4) f test. From the tests that have been done, the results show (1) that there is a significant and negative influence between education and income inequality in Indonesia. (2) there is no significant and negative influence between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and income inequality in Indonesia. (3) there is a significant and positive influence between migration and income inequality in Indonesia. Partially there is a significant influence between all independent variables namely education, foreign direct investment (FDI) and migration to income inequality in Indonesia at α = 5%.

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