scholarly journals Preliminary Research on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Alternative Lightweight Aggregates Produced by Alkali-Activation of Waste Powders

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piergiorgio Tataranni ◽  
Giulia Besemer ◽  
Villiam Bortolotti ◽  
Cesare Sangiorgi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Alkali Activation ◽  
Lightweight Aggregates ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
New Construction

There is growing interest in construction field issues related to environmental protection, energy saving and raw materials. Therefore, the interest in recycling waste materials to produce new construction ones is constantly increasing. This study proposes a new methodology to produce lightweight aggregates (LWAs) by alkali-activation of two different waste powders: a digested spent bentonite clay and a basalt powder. Metakaolin, as secondary precursor, was added to the mixtures according to mix-design proportions, to improve the mechanical properties of the final materials, while a specific activators mix of Sodium Silicate and Sodium Hydroxide enabled the alkali-activation. The expansion process, on the other hand, was obtained using Peroxide within the liquid mix. The experimental LWAs were analyzed and tested in compliance with the EN 13055-1 standard. A more in-depth analysis on LWAs’ air voids content and porosity was also carried out by the means of Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. The results were compared with those obtained from commercial Lightweight Expanded Clay Aggregate, which represents one of the most common LWAs in the construction field. According to the presented preliminary results, the use of alkali-activated waste powders seems to be a suitable solution for the production of eco-friendly LWAs by allowing the recycling of waste materials and energy saving for their production.

Characterization of New Occurrences of Clays in the City of Pedra Lavrada-PB, for Use as Ceramics Raw Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 775-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.A. Silva ◽  
I.D.S. Pereira ◽  
Suellen Lisboa Dias ◽  
Gelmires Araújo Neves ◽  
Hélio Lucena Lira
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Stress Rupture ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Metallic Mineral ◽  
Firing Shrinkage ◽  
The City

Paraiba State is a major instance of non-metallic mineral mainly of bentonite clay, balls clays, kaolin, feldspar, quartz, limestone, mica, etc. Recently it was discovered new deposits of clay in the region of Cubatí and Pedra Lavrada, PB, thereby providing an expansion of mineral inputs in the region. The aim of thi study is to characterize the clays from the city of Pedra Lavrada - PB, to be used as ceramic raw materials. The mineralogy of the clays was performed using the following techniques: laser diffraction (AG), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG and DTA), chemical analysis (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cations exchange capacity (CEC) and surface area (AE). The specimens were molded by compression of 2 MPa, with dimensions of 60mm x 20 mm x 4 mm. The followed physical and mechanical properties were determined: firing shrinkage, water absorption, bending stress rupture and modulus after calcined at 800, 900, 1000, 1100 and 1200 °C. The results showed that the clays present smectite and kaolinite in their mineralogical composition and through the physical and mechanical properties this clays could probably be used as ceramic raw materials.

Physical and mechanical properties and energy-saving modes of drying wood of black alder without artificial humidification in convective drying chambers of periodic action

10.12737/2193 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-142
Author(s):  
Чернышев ◽  
Aleksandr Chernyshev
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Interior Decoration ◽  
Periodic Action ◽  
Black Alder

Alder gains increasing popularity just like alternative to expensive raw materials. Detai-led technique of the studies is proposed. The basic physical and mechanical properties of black alder wood are given, its properties as a material for furniture and interior decoration are examined. Beforehand dehydrating pro-cess of alder was mathematically modeled, values of transient humidity and other key operating parameters were obtained, and then practical industrial drying on parabolic modes was implemented. These modes include four stages with the initial warming and final WTP.

scholarly journals KUALITAS PAPAN PARTIKEL BERDASARKAN KOMPOSISI SEKAM PADI DAN KAYU SENGON DENGAN VARIASI KADAR PEREKAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dendi Prayoga ◽  
. Dirhamsyah ◽  
. Nurhaida
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Wood Processing

This research aimed to examine the physical and mechanical properties of particle boards based on the composition of raw materials and adhesive content and know the treatment of the composition of raw materials and the best adhesive content and meet the standard JIS A 5908-2003. The research was conducted at Wood Workshop Laboratory, Wood Processing Laboratory Faculty of Forestry,Tanjungpura University and Laboratory of PT. Duta Pertiwi Nusantara Pontianak. The adhesive used is Urea Formaldehyde with 52% Solid Content. Comparison of the composition of rice husks and sengon varies namely rice husk 50%: sengon 50%, rice husk 60%: sengon 40% and rice husk 70%: sengon 30%  and variations in the levels of UF adhesives, namely 14% and 16%, with target density 0,7 gr/cm3. The particleboard was 30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm Pressing at temperature 140oC for 8 minutes, with  pressure of 25 kg/cm2. The research results of the study of density and moisture content meet the standards JIS A 5908-2003. The best particle values of rice husk and sengon  with composition a ratio of  rice husk 50%: sengon 50% , 16% adhesive content  16%, with density value of  0,7072 gr/cm3, moisture content 9,1949 %, thick development 12,3210 %, water absorption 68,8270 %, MOE 12110,7273 kg/cm2, MOR 161,0025 kg/cm2, firmness sticky 1,9320 kg/cm2, screw holding strength 62,3124 kg.Keywords : adhesive, composition, particle board, rice husk, sengon

scholarly journals SIFAT FISIK DAN MEKANIK PAPAN GIPSUM DARI LIMBAH KAYU AKASIA (Acacia mangium Willd) BERDASARKAN KADAR GIPSUM DAN UKURAN SERBUK KAYU

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ridho Pratama ◽  
M Dirhamsyah ◽  
. Nurhaida
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Powder Size ◽  
Wood Powder ◽  
Gypsum Board ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Gypsum Content ◽  
Two Factors

This study aims to examine the physical and mechanical properties of gypsum board from Acacia mangium Willd wood waste based on gypsum content and wood powder size. This study refers to the JIS A 5417-1992 standard. This research were conducted at Wood Work Shop laboratory for the preparation of raw materials, Wood Technology laboratory Faculty of Forestry for board making and testing the physical properties of gypsum boards, and  PT. Duta Pertiwi Nusantara laboratory to test the mechanical properties of the gypsum board. The material used is  A. mangium W. Wood powder, gypsum flour, water and borax. The study uses Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors, namely factor A (gypsum content) which consists of gypsum content of 400%, 500% and 600% of the weight of A. mangium W. wood powder, and factors B (wood powder size) consists of 20 mesh passes 40 mesh retained and 40 mesh passes 60 mesh retained. The results showed that the density (600% gypsum content of 40 and 60 mesh retained wood powder size), moisture content, thickness swelling, MOE (600% gypsum content of 40 and 60 mesh retained wood powder size) fulfill JIS A5417-1992 standard. The best gypsum board is gypsum board with gypsum content of 600% with a wood powder size is 40 mesh.Keyword: Acacia mangium, gypsum board, gypsum content, wood powder size.

Development of Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Lightweight Bricks Using Foaming Agent - A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 660 ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Mastura Wan Ibrahim ◽  
Kamarudin Hussin ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Aeslina Abdul Kadir ◽  
Mohammed Binhussain
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Great Development

Bricks are widely used as a construction and building material due to its properties. Recent years have seen a great development in new types of inorganic cementitious binders called ‘‘geopolymeric cement’’ around the world. This prompted its use in bricks, which improves the greenness of ordinary bricks. The development of fly ash-based geopolymer lightweight bricks is relatively new in the field of construction materials. This paper reviews the uses of fly ash as a raw materials and addition of foaming agent to the geopolymeric mixture to produce lightweight bricks. The effects on their physical and mechanical properties have been discussed. Most manufactured bricks with incorporation of foaming agent have shown positive effects by producing lightweight bricks, increased porosity and improved the thermal conductivities of fly ash-based geopolymer bricks. However, less of performances in number of cases in terms of mechanical properties were also demonstrated.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Composition and Physical and Mechanical Properties of Raw Materials for Thermal Insulation Fabrics

Engineering ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (06) ◽  
pp. 352-359
Author(s):  
Juramirza Abdiramatovich Kayumov ◽  
Matluba Nazarova ◽  
Bohodir Vohobjon Ogli Obilov ◽  
Farhodjon Mahmudjonovich Dadaboyev ◽  
Zuhra Yigitaliyevna Mamadaliyeva
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties

scholarly journals Analysis Physical and Mechanical Of Particle Boards Raw Materials Nipah Fruit Fiber

Teknomekanik ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
M Saddikin ◽  
Hendri Nurdin ◽  
Primawati Primawati
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Average Moisture Content ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
Wood Particles ◽  
Tapioca Flour

The raw materials of the timber industry, especially furniture, are increasingly difficult to obtain in the quantity and quality needed. The development efforts carried out were utilizing Nipah coir waste as a raw material for making particle boards. Particle boards are panel boards made of wood particles or materials containing lignocellulose. Nipah plants contain 27.3% lignin and 36.5% cellulose which has the potential to be used as raw material for particleboard production. This study aims to reveal the physical and mechanical properties of particleboards made from Nipah fruit fibre with adhesive using tapioca flour. The making of particle board is done with a ratio of 90%: 10%, 80%: 20%, 70%: 30%, 60%: 40%, by giving a pressure of 100 kg / cm2. Particle testing is carried out according to the JIS A 5908 standard (2003). From this study, the optimum results were obtained in variations of 60%:40%. The particle physical properties which have an average density value of 1.15 gr / cm3 and an average moisture content of 5.8%. While the mechanical properties obtained by the value of Modulus of Elasticity an average of 21,188.93 kg / cm2. This shows the particle board variations of 60%: 40% produced to meet the JIS A 5908 (2003) standard. Based on the analysis of the quality variations 60%: 40% of particle boards can be recommended as raw materials for interior furniture.

scholarly journals Comparison of mechanical properties of geopolymers from different raw materials with the addition of waste glass

2021 ◽  
pp. 252-261
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Alkali Activation ◽  
Compressive And Flexural Strengths

The combustion of fossil fuels results in creating a lot of solid wastes such as fly ash and slag. However, these environmentally unfriendly materials can be used as a raw material for alkali activation – geopolymerization. Although these wastes have been successfully used in industrial production for several decades, its use does not achieve the level of its potential. Today, to achieve a sustainable construction industry, alternative cement has been extensively investigated. Geopolymer (GP) is a kind of material that is obtained from the alkaline activator, and it can be produced from industrial wastes or by-products. The aim of this work was to describe the improvement of mechanical properties of alkali-activated binders – geopolymers made of fly ash and blast furnace slag. The effect of the addition of waste glass in three different values feed into fly ash or GGBFS, and its impact on mechanical properties (compressive and flexural strengths) of geopolymers was examined. The highest value of compressive strength was achieved with 20% waste glass addition to a fly ash sample on 90th day 58,9 MPa. The waste glass was added in the form of broken and crushed glass particles.

scholarly journals Zastosowanie popiołu lotnego i szkła kineskopowego w zaprawach cementowych

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Jura ◽  
Małgorzata Ulewicz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Glass Cullet ◽  
Glass Waste ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Resistance Tests ◽  
Made In

The article presents the results of research aimed at using glass waste and ash from biomass. The tests were carried out for cement mortars samples with using glass cullet, ash from biomass and using both wastes in 50/50 proportions. The physical and mechanical properties of the standard mortar and modified mortars were tested. Standard mortar and cement mortar samples were made in which 10, 20 and 30% of the cement mass was used as part of the standard sand. The samples were made of CEM I 42.5R. Mortars containing fly ash addition had an increased compressive strength and a smaller drop in compressive strength after frost resistance tests than standard mortar. The use of glass cullet in the amount of up to 20% did not reveal any changes in the mechanical properties of mortars, but using them in a larger amount resulted in unfavorable results. The use of a mixture of these two waste materials did not improve the results. The research has shown the possibility of using this waste to modify cement mortars.

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