scholarly journals Dynamics and Kinetics of Cupric Ion Removal from Wastewaters by Tunisian Solid Crude Olive-Oil Waste

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Besma Khiari ◽  
Manel Wakkel ◽  
Souhir Abdelmoumen ◽  
Mejdi Jeguirim
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ion Removal ◽  
Olive Mill Solid Waste ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Process ◽  
Errors Analysis

The present paper aims to develop a low cost, efficient, and environmentally-friendly process to purify (industrial) waters contaminated by copper by the use of oil mill wastes, through kinetic, thermodynamic, and equilibrium investigations. To do so, the raw adsorbent was characterized using different analytical techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Then, the interaction between copper and olive residues were examined during batch adsorption tests at various operating parameters, such as pH, initial concentration, contact time, and particle size. Kinetic data were best fitted with Broeurs-Sotolongo kinetic model. Additionally, it was found that film and intraparticle diffusion steps controlled simultaneously the mass transfer of copper onto olive mill solid waste. Among the eight tested models, Broeurs-Sotolongo isotherm suited the most the sorption, with regards to the function errors analysis. It was deduced that the adsorption of copper does not involve chemical bonds with high energy which allows easier regeneration steps and higher number of biosorbent regeneration cycles without any need for applying high temperature in the desorption reaction systems. The adsorption capacity (18.93 mg/g) calculated on the basis of this model was close to the experimental value (18.4 mg/g) but more interestingly it brought up that 50% of the generated amounts of olive wastes in Tunisia could eliminate 1.84 kTons of copper from industrial waters.

scholarly journals Characterising the Microstructure of an Additively Built Al-Cu-Li Alloy

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5188
Author(s):  
Iris Raffeis ◽  
Frank Adjei-Kyeremeh ◽  
Uwe Vroomen ◽  
Silvia Richter ◽  
Andreas Bührig-Polaczek
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Phase System ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Multi Phase

Al-Cu-Li alloys are famous for their high strength, ductility and weight-saving properties, and have for many years been the aerospace alloy of choice. Depending on the alloy composition, this multi-phase system may give rise to several phases, including the major strengthening T1 (Al2CuLi) phase. Microstructure investigations have extensively been reported for conventionally processed alloys with little focus on their Additive Manufacturing (AM) characterised microstructures. In this work, the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) built microstructures of an AA2099 Al-Cu-Li alloy are characterised in the as-built (no preheating) and preheat-treated (320 °C, 500 °C) conditions using various analytical techniques, including Synchrotron High-Energy X-ray Diffraction (S-HEXRD). The observed dislocations in the AM as-built condition with no detected T1 precipitates confirm the conventional view of the difficulty of T1 to nucleate on dislocations without appropriate heat treatments. Two main phases, T1 (Al2CuLi) and TB (Al7.5Cu4Li), were detected using S-HEXRD at both preheat-treated temperatures. Higher volume fraction of T1 measured in the 500 °C (75.2 HV0.1) sample resulted in a higher microhardness compared to the 320 °C (58.7 HV0.1) sample. Higher TB volume fraction measured in the 320 °C sample had a minimal strength effect.

scholarly journals Methylene Blue Adsorption from aqueous solution by low cost vine-wood biomass

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachida Souidi ◽  
yasmina khane ◽  
Lahcen Belarbi ◽  
Smain Bousalem
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Concentration ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Abstract In this work, the sawdust of vine wood (VW) was treated with sulfuric acid and used to adsorb methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions via a batch adsorption process. The characteristics of the adsorbent were determined by various analytical techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) N2 adsorption−desorption isotherms. The effects of various experimental parameters including sulfuric acid concentration, particle size of the adsorbent, pH of the solution, contact time, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage and temperature on adsorption of MB by activating sawdust were systematically investigated. The experimental results showed that the adsorption efficiency was increased with contact time and adsorbent dosage. The maximum removal efficiency was found after 180 min of solid/liquid contact with adsorbent doses of 1 g/l for sawdust. The isotherm and kinetic experimental data for MB adsorption on VW sawdust were best-fitted by Langmuir models and Pseudo-second-order, respectively. The calculated values of the entropy (ΔS°), enthalpy (ΔH°) and Gibbs energy (ΔG°) indicated that the adsorption process was exothermic in nature. These results suggest that the activated sawdust can be employed as a low-cost and environmentally friendly adsorbent for the treatment of wastewaters containing dyes.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Supercapacitive Response of Dodecylbenzenesulphonic Acid (DBSA) Doped Polypyrrole/Zirconium Dioxide Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 4035
Author(s):  
Rizwan Ullah ◽  
Mehtab Khan ◽  
Rozina Khattak ◽  
Nadia Khan ◽  
Muhammad Sufaid Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Micro Morphology ◽  
Synthesized Materials

An in-situ chemical oxidative method was used to effectively synthesize a promising supercapacitor material based on PPy/ZrO2 composites. The synthesized materials were characterized by different analytical techniques, such as UV/visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The inclusion of ZrO2 into the PPy matrix was verified by vibrational spectra and structural analyses. The (TGA) results showed that incorporating ZrO2 into the polymeric matrix improved its thermal stability. In addition, the electrochemical properties of the synthesizedmaterials were investigated byusing cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD). The PPy/ZrO2 composite demonstrated excellent super capacitive performance, and high specific capacity of 337.83 F/g, with an exceedingly high energy density of 187.68 Wh/kg at a power density of 1000 W/kg. The composite materials maintain good stability after 1000 charge and discharge cycles, with 85% capacitance retention. The PPy/ZrO2 possesses a high capacitance, an attractive micro-morphology, and a simple synthesis method. The findings indicate that the PPy/ZrO2 composite could be a promising electrode material for high-performance supercapacitor applications.

scholarly journals Facile Synthesis of Calcium Carbonate Nanoparticles from Cockle Shells

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kh. Nurul Islam ◽  
A. B. Z. Zuki ◽  
M. E. Ali ◽  
Mohd Zobir Bin Hussein ◽  
M. M. Noordin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Variable Pressure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ft Ir

A simple and low-cost method for the synthesis of calcium carbonate nanoparticles from cockle shells was described. Polymorphically, the synthesized nanoparticles were aragonites which are biocompatible and thus frequently used in the repair of fractured bone and development of advanced drug delivery systems, tissue scaffolds and anticarcinogenic drugs. The rod-shaped and pure aragonite particles of30±5 nm in diameter were reproducibly synthesized when micron-sized cockle shells powders were mechanically stirred for 90 min at room temperature in presence of a nontoxic and nonhazardous biomineralization catalyst, dodecyl dimethyl betaine (BS-12). The findings were verified using a combination of analytical techniques such as variable pressure scanning electron microscopy (VPSEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), and energy dispersive X-ray analyser (EDX). The reproducibility and low cost of the method suggested that it could be used in industry for the large scale synthesis of aragonite nanoparticles from cockle shells, a low cost and easily available natural resource.

Synthesis and characterization of Co–B–Fe–Ti nanosized alloyed powders

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Hasan Eskalen ◽  
Mikail Aslan ◽  
Hakan Yaykaşlı ◽  
Musa Gögebakan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nanocrystalline Phase ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ball Milling Technique

Abstract In this study, novel Co60Fe18Ti18B4 alloy powders have been synthesized with high compositional homogeneity using a high-energy ball milling technique. The structural, morphological and mechanical properties of the nanosized alloyed powders were examined using different analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry and X-ray diffraction. According to the X-ray diffraction analysis for both Co powder and Co60Fe18Ti18B4 alloy powders, with increasing milling time, the content of Co-based (hcp) solid solution decreased and Co-based (fcc) solid solution increased. The mechanical properties of the material were also investigated by Vickers micro-hardness testing. The micro-hardness value of the Co60Fe18Ti18B4 alloy was found as 120.08 HV. After sintering (1 h– 1000 °C), the hardness improved remarkably (536.32 HV). Furthermore, results indicate that the synthesized Co-based alloy powder has both glassy and nanocrystalline phase forms.

An electrochemical cell for operando bench-top X-ray diffraction

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 485-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Sottmann ◽  
Valérie Pralong ◽  
Nicolas Barrier ◽  
Christine Martin
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Cell ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Battery Technology ◽  
Solution Behaviour

An X-ray transparent electrochemical cell for operando bench-top X-ray diffraction in reflection geometry is presented. Dense glassy carbon (Sigradur-G) is used as an X-ray transparent window. The cell and dedicated sample holder are easy to handle and cost efficient thanks to their simple designs. To demonstrate the performance of this new Swagelok-type operando cell, diffractograms were collected during cycling of the cathode material Li x Mn2O4 (x ≤ 1) in a lithium-ion battery. During charging/delithiation, three spinel phases with evolving lattice parameters were found. This observation confirms the expected mixed two-phase and solid-solution behaviour and thereby validates our experimental setup. The presented low-cost setup may enable further battery research units to access operando X-ray diffraction data for characterization of structural phenomena during battery cycling and degradation mechanisms during prolonged cycling, which will lead to improvement of the battery technology.

scholarly journals Modification of Graphene Oxide Membranes by the Incorporation of Nafion Macromolecules and Conductive Scaffolds

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 556
Author(s):  
Maria Concha-Guzmán ◽  
Oscar Jaramillo-Quintero ◽  
Marina Rincón
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Retention Mechanism ◽  
Carbon Paper ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ion Removal ◽  
Membrane Performance ◽  
Ion Rejection

Stable, reproducible and low-cost graphene oxide (GO)/Nafion (N) membranes were fabricated using electronically conductive carbon paper (CP) matts as a scaffold. The presence of polar groups in the Nafion molecule facilitates the strong interaction with functional groups in the GO, which increases GO dispersion and aids the retention of the composite into the CP scaffold. Distribution of GO/N was carefully characterized by X-ray diffraction work function measurements, Raman and scanning electron microscopy analyses. The performance of these membranes was tested with 1 M NaCl at standard conditions, finding 85% ion removal in the best membranes by a mixed ion rejection/retention mechanism. The Nafion provided mechanical stability and fixed negative charge to the membranes, and its micellar organization, segregation and confinement favored ion rejection in Nafion-rich areas. The good electronic conductivity of these membranes was also demonstrated, allowing for the application of a small potential bias to enhance membrane performance in future studies.

scholarly journals Bentonite Modified by Allylamine Polymer for Adsorption of Amido Black 10B

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjuan Guo ◽  
Tingcheng Xia ◽  
Meishan Pei ◽  
Yankai Du ◽  
Luyan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Dye Removal ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Freundlich Isotherm ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Amido Black 10B ◽  
Amido Black ◽  
New Type

The main object of this work is to remove Amido black 10B using a new type of bentonite-based adsorbent with cationic groups by the modification of polyallyl amines between the interlayers of bentonite. Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the functionalized bentonite. A series of batch adsorption experiments were performed. The maximum adsorption amount was 144.08 mg g−1 when the pH was 2 and the contact time was 120 min. In addition, the equilibrium isotherm data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, while only the Langmuir model could provide a high correlation. Therefore, this study provided a new functionalized bentonite as a low-cost adsorbent for dye removal from water.

Effect of Heat Treating on Precipitate Phases in NiTiHf

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Carl ◽  
Victoria Garcia ◽  
Brian Van Doren ◽  
Scott Schlegel ◽  
Marcus Young
Keyword(s):  
Martensitic Transformation ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Aging Effect ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Rolled Plate ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated

Recently, NiTiHf-based HTSMAs have been shown to exhibit unique precipitation and mechanical behavior. In this study, a rolled plate of NiTiHf HTSMA was homogenized and heat treated at various times and temperatures and characterized using a barrage of analytical techniques including high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD). Neither homogenization nor any of heat treatments studied significantly affect the austenitic or martensitic transformation temperatures. H-phase was observed to precipitate at heat treating times below 30 minutes and then to subsequently dissolve away for times of 30 minutes and above. The presence of H-phase dramatically increases the material strength by almost a factor of 2, Lastly, an over-aging effect occurs with increasing time due to the disappearance of the H-phase.

scholarly journals Application of response surface methodology for uranium(VI) adsorption using hydroxyapatite prepared from eggshells waste material: study of influencing factors and mechanism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safir Ouassel ◽  
Salah Chegrouche ◽  
Djamel Nibou ◽  
Redouane Melikchi ◽  
Abderahmane Aknoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Point Of Zero Charge ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Type Model ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Raman Spectrometry ◽  
Uranyl Carbonate ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Abstract Hydroxyapatite (HAp) was synthesized from biowaste hen eggshells by wet precipitation method in which calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid were used as precursors. The effectiveness of uranium(VI) adsorption onto HAp was investigated by batch adsorption experiments from aqueous solutions. The obtained HAp powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectrometry, point of zero charge and Scanning electron microscope. The factors and levels used during the experiments were pH (2–5), adsorbent mass (0.01–0.05 g), and initial U(VI) concentration (100–310 mg L−1). A Box–Behnken design combined with analysis of variance was used to interpret the main effect influencing the adsorption. The results showed that pH was the most significant parameter affecting U(VI). The kinetic data correlates well with the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption isotherms fitted the Langmuir-1 type model with the qmax = 175.22 mg g−1 at 25 °C. The calculated value of the mean free energy indicates the chemisorption process. Under optimal conditions, the uranium effluent derived from the precipitation of ammonium uranyl carbonate removal performance of 98% was achieved. This study proved that HAp prepared from eggshell was an ecofriendly and low-cost adsorbent and was very effective for the adsorption of U(VI) from aqueous solutions.

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