scholarly journals Correlation between Microstructural Alteration, Mechanical Properties and Manufacturability after Cryogenic Treatment: A Review

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Razavykia ◽  
Cristiana Delprete ◽  
Paolo Baldissera
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phase Transfer ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Conventional Heat Treatment ◽  
Refinement Process ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

Cryogenic treatment is a supplemental structural and mechanical properties refinement process to conventional heat treatment processes, quenching, and tempering. Cryogenic treatment encourages the improvement of material properties and durability by means of microstructural alteration comprising phase transfer, particle size, and distribution. These effects are almost permanent and irreversible; furthermore, cryogenic treatment is recognized as an eco-friendly, nontoxic, and nonexplosive process. In addition, to encourage the application of sustainable techniques in mechanical and manufacturing engineering and to improve productivity in current competitive markets, cryo-treatment can be considered as a promising process. However, while improvements in the properties of materials after cryogenic treatment are discussed by the majority of reported studies, the correlation between microstructural alteration and mechanical properties are unclear, and sometimes the conducted investigations are contradictory with each other. These contradictions provide different approaches to perform and combine cryogenic treatment with pre-and post-processing. The present literature survey, mainly focused on the last decade, is aimed to address the effects of cryogenic treatment on microstructural alteration and to correlate these changes with mechanical property variations as a consequence of cryo-processing. The conclusion of the current review discusses the development and outlines the trends for the future research in this field.

Effect of Current and Deep Cryogenic Treated EDM Electrodes on Surface Roughness of AISI D3 Steel

2015 ◽  
Vol 813-814 ◽  
pp. 521-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Sharma ◽  
Neel Kanth Grover ◽  
Amandeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Conventional Heat Treatment ◽  
Edm Electrodes ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Aisi D3 Steel ◽  
Positive Results

The paper present the effect of current flow and Deep Cryogenic Treatment (DCT) on the Surface Roughness (SR) of AISI D3 steel machined using EDM. The EDM tool is modified using deep cryogenic treatment to obtain positive results. Cryogenic treatment is a add on process over conventional heat treatment processes which converts retained austenite to martensite along with formation of nano sized carbide. The treatment enhance the properties of materials like wear resistance, hardness, dimensional stability, thermal conductivity and tool consumption rate which are recognized as a important factors in industries. The results show that increase in current level enhance the surface roughness, while deep cryogenic treated electrodes produces less surface roughness as compared to that of non-cryogenic treated electrodes.

INFLUENCE THE QUENCHING AND TEMPERING ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SURFACE ROUGHNESS, OF MEDIUM CARBON STEEL

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Sattar H A Alfatlawi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

One of ways to improve properties of materials without changing the product shape toobtain the desired engineering applications is heating and cooling under effect of controlledsequence of heat treatment. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect ofheating and cooling on the surface roughness, microstructure and some selected propertiessuch as the hardness and impact strength of Medium Carbon Steel which treated at differenttypes of heat treatment processes. Heat treatment achieved in this work was respectively,heating, quenching and tempering. The specimens were heated to 850°C and left for 45minutes inside the furnace as a holding time at that temperature, then quenching process wasperformed in four types of quenching media (still air, cold water (2°C), oil and polymersolution), respectively. Thereafter, the samples were tempered at 200°C, 400°C, and 600°Cwith one hour as a soaking time for each temperature, then were all cooled by still air. Whenthe heat treatment process was completed, the surface roughness, hardness, impact strengthand microstructure tests were performed. The results showed a change and clearimprovement of surface roughness, mechanical properties and microstructure afterquenching was achieved, as well as the change that took place due to the increasingtoughness and ductility by reducing of brittleness of samples.

Structure and Property of Sub-Zero Processed Cold Work Die Steel

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debdulal Das ◽  
Kalyan K. Ray ◽  
Apurba K. Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Structure And Property ◽  
Conventional Heat Treatment ◽  
Processing Cycle

This study examines the influence of different sub-zero processing routes on microstructure and mechanical properties of a cold work tool steel. Incorporation of controlled sub-zero processing cycle in between hardening and tempering treatment of tool steels increases the amount of ultrafine carbide particles with improved homogeneous distribution in addition to reduction in retained austenite content; these modifications are found to be enhanced with decreasing lowest temperature of the sub-zero processing cycle. It has been demonstrated that with reference to conventional heat treatment, sub-zero processing moderately improves hardness and marginally reduces fracture toughness but substantially enhances wear resistance of the selected steel; the extent of variations, in general, increase in the order of cold treatment, shallow cryogenic treatment and deep cryogenic treatment. The relationships of microstructural modifications with the variations of mechanical properties of tool steels due to different sub-zero processing have been established.

scholarly journals Effect of Electropulsing Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Deformed ZrTiAlV Alloy

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 3560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Nan Yang ◽  
Feng Jiang ◽  
Xu Biao Wang ◽  
Lin Qu ◽  
Yan Guo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Conventional Heat Treatment ◽  
Electropulsing Treatment ◽  
Electron Wind

In contrast to conventional heat treatment processes, electropulsing not only heats an alloy, but also exerts some other positive effects during the heating process. In this paper, the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of a deformed Zr40Ti5Al4V alloy after electropulsing treatment were investigated. The results showed that when the charging voltage was 2 kV, there was a slight decrease in dislocation density due to the electron wind which softened the alloy even though the highest temperature of the specimen during the treatment was only 86 °C. Increasing the charging voltage to 6 kV not only further increased the heating temperature, but accelerated the phase transformation process of α″ → β → α. The presence of the α phase strengthened the alloy but notably deteriorated its ductility. A full and refined β phase microstructure could be obtained when the charging voltage was increased to 8 kV. This simultaneously increased the strength and ductility of the alloy.

Effect of Cryogenic Treatments on Mechanical Properties of 2A11 Aluminum Alloy

2010 ◽  
Vol 146-147 ◽  
pp. 1646-1650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Jie Wang ◽  
Xiao Dai Xue ◽  
Zhen Qiang Yang ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Yuan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Resistance Furnace ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Tensile Tester ◽  
Impact Tester ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
Electrical Resistance Furnace

Effect of cryogenic treatments on mechanical properties of 2A11 aluminum alloy were studied. Cryogenic box with program control and electrical resistance furnace were employed to perform cryogenic treatment processes as well as heat treatment processes. Impact tester, tensile tester, three-coordinates measuring machine, high precision caliper and standard metallography were used to carry out tests. The influences of different process parameters on mechanical properties of 2A11 aluminum alloy were compared, and the results showed that cryogenic treatment could improve mechanical properties of 2A11 aluminum alloy. The dimensional stability increases after cryogenic treatment once, and increases further after cryogenic treatment again.

Effect of Chemical Composition and Heat Treatment Parameters on the Structure and Properties of Vanadis 23 and Vanadis 30 PM High-Speed Steels

2017 ◽  
Vol 270 ◽  
pp. 258-264
Author(s):  
Jana Sobotová ◽  
Martin Kuřík ◽  
Jakub Lacza
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Conventional Heat Treatment ◽  
Multiple Tempering

The paper deals with the assessment of the effect of content of cobalt and cryogenic treatment on mechanical properties and structure of Vanadis 23 and Vanadis 30 PM high-speed steels. The studied characteristics are evaluated after conventional heat treatment (quenching and multiple tempering) and also when deep cryogenic treatment at -196°C/4 hours was inserted between quenching and tempering. The mechanical properties are assessed by a three-point bending flexural test and by measurement of the hardness. Metallographic analysis is performed using an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and the scanning electron microscope (SEM).

EFFECT OF VARIOUS HEAT TREATMENT PROCESSES ON FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF TOOL STEEL FOR COLD FORGING DIE

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (31n32) ◽  
pp. 5495-5502
Author(s):  
S. U. JIN ◽  
S. S. KIM ◽  
Y. S. LEE ◽  
Y. N. KWON ◽  
J. H. LEE
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
R Ratio ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

Effects of various heat treatment processes, including "Q/T (quenching and tempering)", "Q/CT/T (Quenching, cryogenic treatment and tempering)", "Q/T (quenching and tempering) + Ti -nitriding" and "Q/CT/T (Cryogenic treatment and tempering) + Ti -nitriding", on S - N fatigue behavior of AISI D2 tool steel were investigated. The optical micrographs and Vicker's hardness values at near surface and core area were examined for each specimen. Uniaxial fatigue tests were performed by using an electro-magnetic resonance fatigue testing machine at a frequency of 80 Hz and an R ratio of -1. The overall resistance to fatigue tends to decrease significantly with Ti -nitriding treatment compared to those for the general Q/T and Q/CT/T specimens. The reduced resistance to fatigue with Ti -nitriding is discussed based on the microstructural and fractographic analyses.

scholarly journals Effect of Heat Treatment Processes on Metals and Alloys-A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-63
Author(s):  
Sheel Bharti ◽  
◽  
Gaurav Arora ◽  
Kanwarjeet Singh ◽  
Swati Varshney
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Metals And Alloys ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Microwave Heat

Heat treatment can be simply defined as heating, holding, and cooling of materials. The current review paper presents the various types of heat treatment processes done on the different metals and alloys. A comparative analysis of the effect of heat treatment on hard-ness, yield strength, and microstructure, etc. of the various metals and alloys has been presented in this paper. The literature has shown that the heat treatment resulted in the development of new phases along with the improvement of microstructural and mechanical properties of various metals and alloys. The paper also represents the consequence of microwave heat treatment done on various substrates. The final part of the paper discusses the suggested future work that can be done.

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