Mechanical Properties, Biodegradation, and Biocompatibility of Ultrafine Grained Magnesium Alloy WE43

In this work, the effect of an ultrafine-grained (UFG) structure obtained by multiaxial deformation (MAD) on the mechanical properties, fatigue strength, biodegradation, and biocompatibility in vivo of the magnesium alloy WE43 was studied. The grain refinement down to 0.93 ± 0.29 µm and the formation of Mg41Nd5 phase particles with an average size of 0.34 ± 0.21 µm were shown to raise the ultimate tensile strength to 300 MPa. Besides, MAD improved the ductility of the alloy, boosting the total elongation from 9% to 17.2%. An additional positive effect of MAD was an increase in the fatigue strength of the alloy from 90 to 165 MPa. The formation of the UFG structure also reduced the biodegradation rate of the alloy under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. The relative mass loss after six weeks of experiment was 83% and 19% in vitro and 46% and 7% in vivo for the initial and the deformed alloy, respectively. Accumulation of hydrogen and the formation of necrotic masses were observed after implantation of alloy specimens in both conditions. Despite these detrimental phenomena, the desired replacement of the implant and the surrounding cavity with new connective tissue was observed in the areas of implantation.

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Features of in vitro and in vivo behaviour of magnesium alloy WE43

Materials Letters ◽

10.1016/j.matlet.2017.12.125 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 215 ◽

pp. 308-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Elena Lukyanova ◽

Natalia Anisimova ◽

Natalia Martynenko ◽

Mikhail Kiselevsky ◽

Sergey Dobatkin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnesium Alloy ◽

Alloy We43

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Strengthening of Magnesium Alloy WE43 by Rotary Swaging

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.941.808 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 941 ◽

pp. 808-813 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Natalia Martynenko ◽

Elena Lukyanova ◽

Mikhail Gorshenkov ◽

Mikhail Morozov ◽

Vladimir Yusupov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Magnesium Alloy ◽

Tensile Elongation ◽

Structural Elements ◽

Chemical Corrosion ◽

Rotary Swaging ◽

Alloy We43 ◽

Mechanical Properties And Corrosion ◽

Average Size

The article presents the results of an investigation of microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of magnesium alloy WE43 processed by rotary swaging. The resulting microstructure is characterized by an average size of structural elements of 0.5 – 0.8 μm. The grain refinement leads to an increase in the strength of the alloy to 393 – 416 MPa while the tensile elongation stays at a level of 7 – 12.5%. The microstructure produced by rotary swaging does not lead to deterioration of the resistance of the alloy to electrochemical and chemical corrosion.

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In vitro and in vivo degradation and mechanical properties of ZEK100 magnesium alloy coated with alginate, chitosan and mechano-growth factor

Materials Science and Engineering C ◽

10.1016/j.msec.2016.02.073 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 63 ◽

pp. 450-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Hong Gao ◽

Meng Zhang ◽

Jin Zhao ◽

Lilan Gao ◽

Mingshuo Li

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Magnesium Alloy ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Mechano Growth Factor ◽

In Vivo Degradation

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Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, Degradation Behavior, and Implant Testing of Hot-Rolled Biodegradable ZKX500 Magnesium Alloy

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112210677 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (22) ◽

pp. 10677

Author(s):

Ying-Ting Huang ◽

Fei-Yi Hung ◽

Fa-Chuan Kuan ◽

Kai-Lan Hsu ◽

Wei-Ren Su ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Magnesium Alloy ◽

Degradation Mechanism ◽

Mg Alloy ◽

Bone Plate ◽

Osteoblastic Activity ◽

Computed Tomography Images ◽

Hot Rolled

Currently, orthopedic metallic implants are mostly made of stainless steel and titanium alloys. After healing, patients are usually required to undergo a secondary surgery for implant removal, which not only poses a medical risk but also costs medical resources. Magnesium-based biodegradable implants that can be absorbed by humans promote osteoblastic activity during the degradation and inhibit the formation of osteoclasts. Moreover, magnesium can be detected by X-ray, and this can help doctors to perform postoperative diagnosis and treatment, which is beneficial for patients. In this study, a ZKX500 Mg alloy bone plate was prepared through rolling. In addition to the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the hot-rolled ZKX500 Mg alloy, its in vitro corrosion behavior under different heat treatment conditions is discussed. A 6-month mini-pig implantation test was conducted using the fabricated ZKX500 Mg alloy bone plate and bone screws. The in vivo degradation mechanism and new bone formation were observed using computed tomography images. The pig recovered well, and the results can serve as an important reference for clinical applications. In addition, another important contribution of this study is that it can help the field of orthopedics to better understand the biodegradable magnesium alloy.

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In vitro and in vivo studies on ultrafine-grained biodegradable pure Mg, Mg–Ca alloy and Mg–Sr alloy processed by high-pressure torsion

Biomaterials Science ◽

10.1039/d0bm00805b ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (18) ◽

pp. 5071-5087

Author(s):

Wenting Li ◽

Xiao Liu ◽

Yufeng Zheng ◽

Wenhao Wang ◽

Wei Qiao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

High Pressure ◽

High Pressure Torsion ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Ultrafine Grained

High-pressure torsion processing is an effective way to significantly refine the microstructure and consequently modify the mechanical properties, biodegradable behaviors and biocompatibility of pure Mg, Mg–1Ca and Mg–2Sr alloys.

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Injectable non-leaching tissue-mimetic bottlebrush elastomers as an advanced platform for reconstructive surgery

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-23962-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Erfan Dashtimoghadam ◽

Farahnaz Fahimipour ◽

Andrew N. Keith ◽

Foad Vashahi ◽

Pavel Popryadukhin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Reconstructive Surgery ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

The Body ◽

Surrounding Tissue ◽

Curing Time ◽

Materials Used ◽

Significant Health

AbstractCurrent materials used in biomedical devices do not match tissue’s mechanical properties and leach various chemicals into the body. These deficiencies pose significant health risks that are further exacerbated by invasive implantation procedures. Herein, we leverage the brush-like polymer architecture to design and administer minimally invasive injectable elastomers that cure in vivo into leachable-free implants with mechanical properties matching the surrounding tissue. This strategy allows tuning curing time from minutes to hours, which empowers a broad range of biomedical applications from rapid wound sealing to time-intensive reconstructive surgery. These injectable elastomers support in vitro cell proliferation, while also demonstrating in vivo implant integrity with a mild inflammatory response and minimal fibrotic encapsulation.

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Zn-Containing Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration in Dentistry

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13111797 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 1797

Author(s):

Manuel Toledano ◽

Marta Vallecillo-Rivas ◽

María T. Osorio ◽

Esther Muñoz-Soto ◽

Manuel Toledano-Osorio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Bone Regeneration ◽

Bone Healing ◽

Bone Repair ◽

Complex Modulus ◽

Bacterial Colonization ◽

Guided Bone Regeneration ◽

M2 Macrophage

Barrier membranes are employed in guided bone regeneration (GBR) to facilitate bone in-growth. A bioactive and biomimetic Zn-doped membrane with the ability to participate in bone healing and regeneration is necessary. The aim of the present study is to state the effect of doping the membranes for GBR with zinc compounds in the improvement of bone regeneration. A literature search was conducted using electronic databases, such as PubMed, MEDLINE, DIMDI, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science. A narrative exploratory review was undertaken, focusing on the antibacterial effects, physicochemical and biological properties of Zn-loaded membranes. Bioactivity, bone formation and cytotoxicity were analyzed. Microstructure and mechanical properties of these membranes were also determined. Zn-doped membranes have inhibited in vivo and in vitro bacterial colonization. Zn-alloy and Zn-doped membranes attained good biocompatibility and were found to be non-toxic to cells. The Zn-doped matrices showed feasible mechanical properties, such as flexibility, strength, complex modulus and tan delta. Zn incorporation in polymeric membranes provided the highest regenerative efficiency for bone healing in experimental animals, potentiating osteogenesis, angiogenesis, biological activity and a balanced remodeling. Zn-loaded membranes doped with SiO2 nanoparticles have performed as bioactive modulators provoking an M2 macrophage increase and are a potential biomaterial for promoting bone repair. Zn-doped membranes have promoted pro-healing phenotypes.

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Assessment of Galvanostatic Anodic Polarization to Accelerate the Corrosion of the Bioresorbable Magnesium Alloy WE43

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11052128 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 2128

Author(s):

Nils Wegner ◽

Frank Walther

Keyword(s):

Magnesium Alloy ◽

Corrosion Rate ◽

Dissolution Rate ◽

Anodic Polarization ◽

Technical Application ◽

Efficient Manner ◽

Corrosion Morphology ◽

Application Range ◽

Alloy We43

In the field of surgery, bioresorbable magnesium is considered a promising candidate. Its low corrosion resistance, which is disadvantageous for technical application, is advantageous for surgery since the implant fully degrades in the presence of the water-based body fluids, and after a defined time the regenerating bone takes over its function again. Therefore, knowledge of the corrosion behavior over several months is essential. For this reason, an in vitro short-time testing method is developed to accelerate the corrosion progress by galvanostatic anodic polarization without influencing the macroscopic corrosion morphology. The initial corrosion rate of the magnesium alloy WE43 is calculated by detection of the hydrogen volume produced in an immersion test. In a corresponding experimental setup, a galvanostatic anodic polarization is applied with a three-electrode system. The application range for the polarization is determined based on the corrosion current density from potentiodynamic polarization. To correlate the initial corrosion rate, and accelerated dissolution rate, the corrosion morphologies of both test strategies are characterized by microscopy images, as well as energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that the dissolution rate can be increased in the order of decades with the limitation of a changed corrosion morphology with increasing polarization. With this approach, it is possible to characterize and exclude new unsuitable magnesium alloys in a time-efficient manner before they are used in subsequent preclinical studies.

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Fibronectin Adsorption on Electrospun Synthetic Vascular Grafts Attracts Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Promotes Endothelialization in Dynamic In Vitro Culture

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells9030778 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 778 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ruben Daum ◽

Dmitri Visser ◽

Constanze Wild ◽

Larysa Kutuzova ◽

Maria Schneider ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Cell Activation ◽

Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽

Endothelial Progenitor ◽

Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product ◽

Endothelial Colony Forming Cells ◽

Advanced Therapy ◽

Custom Made

Appropriate mechanical properties and fast endothelialization of synthetic grafts are key to ensure long-term functionality of implants. We used a newly developed biostable polyurethane elastomer (TPCU) to engineer electrospun vascular scaffolds with promising mechanical properties (E-modulus: 4.8 ± 0.6 MPa, burst pressure: 3326 ± 78 mmHg), which were biofunctionalized with fibronectin (FN) and decorin (DCN). Neither uncoated nor biofunctionalized TPCU scaffolds induced major adverse immune responses except for minor signs of polymorph nuclear cell activation. The in vivo endothelial progenitor cell homing potential of the biofunctionalized scaffolds was simulated in vitro by attracting endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs). Although DCN coating did attract ECFCs in combination with FN (FN + DCN), DCN-coated TPCU scaffolds showed a cell-repellent effect in the absence of FN. In a tissue-engineering approach, the electrospun and biofunctionalized tubular grafts were cultured with primary-isolated vascular endothelial cells in a custom-made bioreactor under dynamic conditions with the aim to engineer an advanced therapy medicinal product. Both FN and FN + DCN functionalization supported the formation of a confluent and functional endothelial layer.

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