Testing the Influence of the Material Bonding System on the Bond Strength of Large-Format Tiles Installed on Concrete Substrate under Mechanical Loading

The paper describes an experiment focusing on the way the material system influences the bond strength of large-format tiles installed on concrete substrate during mechanical loading under conditions that correspond to real-life application. This involves a controllable mechanical load applied over an area of a test model while observing its condition using non-destructive methods (ultrasonic pulse velocity test, acoustic emission method, strain measurement, and acoustic tracing). The model consisted of a concrete slab onto which were mounted four different systems with large-format tiles with the dimensions of 3 m × 1 m. The combinations differed in the thickness of the tile, the adhesive, and whether or not a fabric membrane was included in the adhesive bed. The experiment showed that the loading caused no damage to the ceramic tile. All the detected failures took place in the adhesive layer or in the concrete slab.

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Does Delayed Restoration Improve Shear Bond Strength of Different Restorative Protocols to Calcium Silicate-Based Cements?

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma11112216 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 2216 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Paulo Palma ◽

Joana Marques ◽

Rui Falacho ◽

Alexandra Vinagre ◽

João Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Calcium Silicate ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Proper Time ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽

Bonding System ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Ionomer Cement

The purpose of the present study was to assess the proper time to perform a restoration (immediately or delayed) after placement of two calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) and to test the performance of two different restorative protocols regarding shear bond strength (SBS). Seventy-five acrylic blocks were randomly divided into five groups (n = 15). Specimens were filled with either ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Tulsa Dental) or Biodentine (Septodont). The restoration was performed at an immediate (12 min) or delayed (seven days) timeframe, using a resin-based flowable composite (SDR) (bonded to the CSC using a universal bonding system) or glass ionomer cement (GIC) as restorative materials. SBS was measured using a universal testing machine. Fractured surfaces were evaluated, and the pattern was registered. Statistical analysis was performed using the Dunn–Sidak post hoc test (P < 0.05). Biodentine/immediate SDR showed the highest mean SBS value (4.44 MPa), with statistically significant differences when compared to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)/GIC (1.14 MPa) and MTA/immediate SDR (1.33 MPa). MTA/GIC and MTA/immediate SDR did not present significant differences regarding SBS. No statistical differences were verified concerning mean SBS between both CSCs within the 7 day groups. MTA/delayed SDR (3.86 MPa) presented statistical differences compared to MTA/immediate SDR, whereas no differences were observed regarding Biodentine performance (Biodentine/immediate SDR and Biodentine/delayed SDR (3.09 MPa)). Bonding procedures directly on top of MTA might be preferably performed at a delayed timeframe, whereas Biodentine might allow for immediate restoration.

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Estimation of Thickness of Concrete Slab Members Using Impact Echo Method

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.605.139 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 605 ◽

pp. 139-142

Author(s):

Seong Uk Hong ◽

Yong Taeg Lee ◽

Seung Hun Kim ◽

J.H. Na

Keyword(s):

Concrete Slab ◽

Hardness Test ◽

Pulse Velocity ◽

Non Destructive Testing ◽

Testing Methods ◽

Destructive Testing ◽

Impact Echo ◽

Maintenance And Repair ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Impact Echo Method

Recently, the interest in maintenance and repair of existing concrete structures have increased, and it is typical to use non-destructive testing methods such as rebound hardness test or ultrasonic pulse velocity method to execute maintenance and repair of structures efficiently. Many non-destructive testing methods are being used in practice such as at construction sites, but verification for site applications are quite inadequate. Thus, this study intends to evaluate the applicability of Impact Echo Method which is one of the non-destructive testing methods using stress wave. Total of four specimens were planned and produced. The thickness of concrete slab members was estimated using I.E(OLSENs Freedom Data PC with Win.TFS Software Version 2.5.2). The estimated materials of concrete members by IE was found to be IE-1 specimen 178mm, IE-2 specimen 197mm, IE-3 specimen 191mm, and IE-4 specimen 263mm, and the error rate was found to be 4.22%~18.67% (average 9.6%), showing that they are relatively well in agreement. In this study, the experiments were executed with the objective of estimating the thickness of concrete slab members using Impact Echo Method. Through this study, the applicability of thickness estimation in concrete slab members using impact echo method could be confirmed.

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Micromorphological analysis and bond strength comparison of two adhesives for different degrees of dental fluorosis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-16637/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shuangfeng Liu ◽

Yanxia Zhu ◽

Tana Gegen

Keyword(s):

Shear Strength ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Bonding Strength ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Dental Fluorosis ◽

Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Cohesive Failure ◽

Bonding System ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyze morphologically the all-etching bonding system and self-etching bonding system for enamel with different degrees of fluorosis and evaluate the bond strength of each system. Teeth that were indicated for extraction owing to orthodontic or periodontal problems were selected. According to Dean’s index and the Thylstrup-Fejerskov index, 180 extracted teeth were divided into three groups of mild, moderate, and severe dental fluorosis (DF), with 60 teeth in each group. The teeth in each group were randomly divided into two subgroups (n = 30), which were then subjected to the all-etching bonding system (Prime & Bond NT) and self-etching bonding system (SE-Bond). Each group of adhesives was used to bond Z350 universal resin (3M) to the etched dental enamel. Tensile and shear tests were conducted to determine the bond strength. Subsequently, the fractured specimens were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The Prime & Bond NT was statistically significant for the tensile and shear strength of enamel with mild fluorosis (P < 0.05) but did not exhibit a significant difference for moderate and severe DF (P > 0.05). The SE-Bond was not statistically significant for the tensile and shear strength of mild, moderate, or severe DF (P > 0.05). The SEM and CLSM results reveal that the mild fluorosis enamel crystals were relatively dense, and a small amount of resin remained. The moderate fluorosis enamel crystals were loosely arranged, and the gaps were widened. The severe fluorosis enamel crystals were irregularly arranged. The disorder was aggravated, and the dentinal orifice was exposed by partial enamel exfoliation. The bonding strength of mild fluorosis enamel with the Prime & Bond NT was better than that with the SE-Bond, and cohesive failure was the most common mode of failure. Because there was no difference in the bonding strength of the SE-Bond for different degrees of DF, we recommend the use of the all-etching adhesive system in the clinical treatment of teeth with mild fluorosis.

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A comparative study of shear bond strength of direct bonding system with and without a liquid primer: An in vitro study

Journal of Pharmacy And Bioallied Sciences ◽

10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_259_18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 515 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

KrantiKiran Reddy Ealla ◽

AshokBabu Devatha ◽

MNarasimha Lakshmi ◽

NareshB Kumar ◽

Srikanth Erukala ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Bonding System

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Reinforcement of bond strength of self-etching orthodontic adhesive

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/012011-39.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 30-35

Author(s):

Shinya Horiuchi ◽

Shingo Kuroda ◽

Masahiro Hiasa ◽

Toshiyuki Suge ◽

Seitaro Saku ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Phosphoric Acid ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Polyacrylic Acid ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Adhesive System ◽

Control Group ◽

Bonding System ◽

Adhesive Remnant Index ◽

Debonding Process

Abstract Objective: To determine the reinforcement of bond strength of a self-etching system by applying a pretreatment agent. Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted human premolars were used in this study. The enamel surfaces were treated with four pretreatment agents—phosphoric acid, polyacrylic acid, citric acid, and ammonium hexafluorosilicate (SiF)—and were examined under a scanning electron microscope. Afterward, orthodontic brackets were bonded with a self-etching adhesive system (n = 10 for each agent), and shear bond strength was measured through a debonding process. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was also assessed. Results: Enamel surfaces treated with polyacrylic acid seemed almost the same as intact enamel. Treatment with SiF induced slight shallow depressions compared with the intact enamel. On the other hand, enamel surfaces treated with citric acid and phosphoric acid showed severe etching patterns. All pretreatments increased the bond strength, but SiF-treated specimens revealed the greatest strength (12.201 ± 1.048 MPa), followed by polyacrylic acid (12.030 ± 2.103 MPa). The control group with no pretreatment showed the least strength (9.078 ± 1.678 MPa). All pretreatments increased ARI score compared with the control group. Conclusions: Surface conditioning before bracket adhesion could reinforce the bond strength of the self-etching adhesive system, resulting in a more reliable bonding system.

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Bond Strength Comparison of Orthodontic Bonding Systems: A Systematic Review

Bangladesh Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics ◽

10.3329/bjodfo.v7i1.43691 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 20-26

Author(s):

Tubayesha Hassan ◽

MH Sattar

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Enamel Surface ◽

Adhesive Systems ◽

Scientific Review ◽

Bonding System ◽

Etch And Rinse ◽

Bonding Systems ◽

Self Etch

As a means of regular practice in orthodontics and aesthetic dentistry, resin based adhesive systems are being used exclusively. Keeping up with the ever-increasing demand for aesthetic dental treatment all over the world, newer and more improved adhesive systems have been developed. However, regarding the comparison as to which bonding system performs better in clinical perspective, there is lack of existing scientific review articles. In this review, we tend to explore the conventional etch and rinse bonding system and the self-etch primer bonding system. The different tests to assess and compare bond strength between these two types of adhesives from various bibliography are discussed. The results of shear bond strength test, adhesive remnant index (ARI), enamel-adhesive interface using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the effect of saliva contamination and time are discussed. Interestingly, each system has its strengths and weaknesses. In shear bond strength, self-etch bonding systems clearly exhibits less strength than conventional bonding systems. Resin tags into enamel surface are shorter in self-etch primer adhesives which results from milder etching to enamel compared to the conventional aid-etch and rinse adhesives. Contrarily, the irreversible changes to enamel surface is more aggressive in conventional acid-etching which states that self-etching systems are better according to the principles of minimal intervention dentistry. Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2017; Vol-7 (1-2), P.20-26

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Influence of Thermal and Mechanical Load Cycling on Microtensile Bond Strengths of Total and Self-etching Adhesive Systems

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/05-20 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 240-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

F. H. O. Mitsui ◽

A. R. Peris ◽

A. N. Cavalcanti ◽

G. M. Marchi ◽

L. A. F. Pimenta

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Clinical Relevance ◽

Mechanical Load ◽

Adhesive System ◽

Adhesive Systems ◽

System Type ◽

Load Cycling ◽

Bond Strengths

Clinical Relevance Bond strength is affected by the combination of thermal and mechanical load cycling. However, results vary greatly with the number of mechanical cycles and adhesive system type (total or self-etching).

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Mechanical loading of tissue engineered skeletal muscle prevents dexamethasone induced myotube atrophy

Journal of Muscle Research and Cell Motility ◽

10.1007/s10974-020-09589-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kathryn W. Aguilar-Agon ◽

Andrew J. Capel ◽

Jacob W. Fleming ◽

Darren J. Player ◽

Neil R. W. Martin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Mechanical Loading ◽

Muscle Atrophy ◽

Mechanical Load ◽

3D Models ◽

Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽

Treatment Modalities ◽

Murine Cell Line

Abstract Skeletal muscle atrophy as a consequence of acute and chronic illness, immobilisation, muscular dystrophies and aging, leads to severe muscle weakness, inactivity and increased mortality. Mechanical loading is thought to be the primary driver for skeletal muscle hypertrophy, however the extent to which mechanical loading can offset muscle catabolism has not been thoroughly explored. In vitro 3D-models of skeletal muscle provide a controllable, high throughput environment and mitigating many of the ethical and methodological constraints present during in vivo experimentation. This work aimed to determine if mechanical loading would offset dexamethasone (DEX) induced skeletal muscle atrophy, in muscle engineered using the C2C12 murine cell line. Mechanical loading successfully offset myotube atrophy and functional degeneration associated with DEX regardless of whether the loading occurred before or after 24 h of DEX treatment. Furthermore, mechanical load prevented increases in MuRF-1 and MAFbx mRNA expression, critical regulators of muscle atrophy. Overall, we demonstrate the application of tissue engineered muscle to study skeletal muscle health and disease, offering great potential for future use to better understand treatment modalities for skeletal muscle atrophy.

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Shear bond strength of bulk-fill and nano-restorative materials to dentin

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.175697 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (01) ◽

pp. 040-045 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hakan Colak ◽

Ertugrul Ercan ◽

Mehmet Mustafa Hamidi

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Clinical Success ◽

Testing Machine ◽

Group Iv ◽

Composite Resins ◽

Group Iii ◽

Bonding System ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Objectives: Bulk-fill composite materials are being developed for preparation depths of up to 4 mm in an effort to simplify and improve the placement of direct composite posterior restorations. The aim of our study was to compare shear-bond strength of bulk-fill and conventional posterior composite resins. Materials and Methods: In this study, 60 caries free extracted human molars were used and sectioned parallel to occlusal surface to expose midcoronal dentin. The specimens were randomly divided into four groups. Total-etch dentine bonding system (Adper Scotchbond 1XT, 3M ESPE) was applied to dentin surface in all the groups to reduce variability in results. Then, dentine surfaces covered by following materials. Group I: SonicFill Bulk-Fill, Group II: Tetric EvoCeram (TBF), Group III: Herculite XRV Ultra, and Group IV: TBF Bulk-Fill, 2 mm × 3 mm cylindrical restorations were prepared by using application apparatus. Shear bond testing was measured by using a universal testing machine. Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U-tests were performed to evaluate the data. Results: The highest value was observed in Group III (14.42 ± 4.34) and the lowest value was observed in Group IV (11.16 ± 2.76) and there is a statistically significant difference between these groups (P = 0.046). However, there is no statistically significant difference between the values of other groups. In this study, Group III was showed higher strength values. Conclusion: There is a need for future studies about long-term bond strength and clinical success of these adhesive and bulk-fill systems.

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Use of Flowable Composites for Orthodontic Bracket Bonding

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/013008-51.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 78 (6) ◽

pp. 1105-1109 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Dong-Bum Ryou ◽

Hyo-Sang Park ◽

Kyo-Han Kim ◽

Tae-Yub Kwon

Keyword(s):

Flexural Strength ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Shear Bond Strength ◽

Orthodontic Bracket ◽

Bonding System ◽

Adhesive Remnant Index ◽

Human Enamel ◽

Orthodontic Bonding ◽

Flowable Composites ◽

Bonding Characteristics

Abstract Objective: To test the bonding characteristics of four flowable composites for orthodontic bracket bonding. Materials and Methods: Metal brackets were bonded to acid-etched human enamel using four flowable composites (Grandio Flow, GF; UniFil Flow, UF; UniFil LoFlo Plus, UL; and DenFil Flow, DF), an orthodontic bonding system (Transbond XT, TX), and a restorative composite (Filtek Z250, FZ). After 24 hours of storage in water at 37°C, a shear bond strength (SBS) test was performed. After debonding, the adhesive remnant index (ARI) was assessed. In addition, the flow and flexural strength of the materials were examined. Results: The SBS for the flowable composites ranged between 7.2 and 8.3 MPa, and TX showed a significantly higher value (mean 10.9 MPa). The flowable composites also demonstrated a significantly superior flowability, yet inferior flexural strength (except for DF) than TX and FZ. Two flowable composites (GF and UL) produced significantly higher ARI scores than TX and FZ, which represented a larger resin remnant on the enamel surfaces after debonding. Conclusion: When considering the SBS and ARI scores obtained in this study, flowable composites with no intermediate bonding resin could be conveniently applied for orthodontic bracket bonding.

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