Development of Bacterial Cellulose Biocomposites Combined with Starch and Collagen and Evaluation of Their Properties

One of the major benefits of biomedicine is the use of biocomposites as wound dressings to help improve the treatment of injuries. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to develop and characterize biocomposites based on bacterial cellulose (BC) with different concentrations of collagen and starch and characterize their thermal, morphological, mechanical, physical, and barrier properties. In total, nine samples were produced with fixed amounts of glycerol and BC and variations in the amount of collagen and starch. The water activity (0.400–0.480), water solubility (12.94–69.7%), moisture (10.75–20.60%), thickness (0.04–0.11 mm), water vapor permeability (5.59–14.06 × 10−8 g·mm/m2·h·Pa), grammage (8.91–39.58 g·cm−2), opacity (8.37–36.67 Abs 600 nm·mm−1), elongation (4.81–169.54%), and tensile strength (0.99–16.32 MPa) were evaluated and defined. In addition, scanning electron microscopy showed that adding biopolymers in the cellulose matrix made the surface compact, which also influenced the visual appearance. Thus, the performance of the biocomposites was directly influenced by their composition. The performance of the different samples obtained resulted in them having different potentials for application considering the injury type. This provides a solution for the ineffectiveness of traditional dressings, which is one of the great problems of the biomedical sector.

Download Full-text

Characterization of Barnyard Millet Starch Films Containing Borage Seed Oil

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings7110183 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 183 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Thi Cao ◽

So-Young Yang ◽

Kyung Song

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

B Value ◽

Edible Films ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Barnyard Millet

In this study, barnyard millet starch (BMS) was used to prepare edible films. Antioxidant activity was conferred to the BMS film by incorporating borage seed oil (BO). The physical, optical, and thermal properties as well as antioxidant activities of the films were evaluated. The incorporation of BO into the BMS films decreased the tensile strength from 9.46 to 4.69 MPa and increased the elongation at break of the films from 82.49% to 103.87%. Water vapor permeability, water solubility, and moisture content of the BMS films decreased with increasing BO concentration, whereas Hunter b value and opacity increased, L and a values of the films decreased. The BMS films containing BO exhibited antioxidant activity that increased proportionally with increased BO concentration. In particular, the BMS film with 1.0% BO exhibited the highest antioxidant activity and light barrier properties among the BMS films. Therefore, the BMS films with added BO can be used as an antioxidant packaging material.

Download Full-text

Packaging Composite Films Fabricated from Cellulose Pulp with Polyurethane and Curcumin by Using NMMO ionic Liquid Solvent

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1063688/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Chaehyun Jo ◽

Sam Soo Kim ◽

Srinivasan Ramalingam ◽

Prabakaran D. S ◽

Balasubramanian Rukmanikrishnan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Composite Films ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Visual Appearance ◽

Cellulose Pulp ◽

Cost Effective Method ◽

Uv Transmittance

Abstract Cellulose pulp (CP), polyurethane (PU), and curcumin-based biocompatible composite films were prepared using a simple cost-effective method. These materials dissolved well in the ionic liquid solvent N-methylmorpholine N-oxide. Significant structural and microstructural changes were observed in CP upon the addition of PU. These changes were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy. The 5% and 10% gravimetric losses of the CP/PU/curcumin composite were found to be in the range 87.2–182.3 ºC and 166.7–249.8 ºC, respectively. The addition of PU significantly improved the thermal stability and water barrier properties of the composites. All the composites exhibited single Tg values in the range 147.4–154.2 ºC. The tensile strength of CP was measured to be 93.2 MPa, which dropped to 14.1 MPa for the 1:0.5 CP/PU composite and then steadily increased to 30.5 MPa with further addition of PU. The elongation at break of the composites decreased from 8.1 to 3.7% with the addition of PU. The addition of PU also improved the water vapor permeability (3.96 ×10–9 to 1.75 ×10–9 g m–1 s–1 Pa–1) and swelling ratio (285 to 202%) of the CP composite films. The CP/PU/curcumin composite exhibited good antioxidant activity and no cytotoxicity when tested on the HaCat cell line. The visual appearance and UV transmittance (86.2–32.9% at 600 nm) of the CP composite films were significantly altered by the incorporation of PU and curcumin. This study demonstrates that CP/PU/curcumin composites can be used for various packaging and biomedical applications.

Download Full-text

Physical Properties of Starch/Powdered Activated Carbon Composite Films

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13244406 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 4406

Author(s):

Anita Kwaśniewska ◽

Michał Świetlicki ◽

Adam Prószyński ◽

Grzegorz Gładyszewski

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Water Vapor ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Composite Films ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Carbon Composite ◽

Powdered Activated Carbon ◽

Vapor Permeability

In the present study, starch/powdered activated carbon composite films were prepared by incorporating various amounts of powdered activated carbon (PAC)—1–5, 10, and 15 %—into a starch matrix, using the solvent casting method. The effect of PAC addition on the biopolymer film was investigated. The mechanical properties were examined by ultra-nanoindentation, nanoscratch, and micro-tensile tests. Since the mechanical properties of biopolymer films are correlated with their structure, the effect of PAC addition was tested using X-ray diffraction. The surface parameters morphology and wettability were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle measurements. The barrier properties were examined by determining water vapor permeability and the water solubility index. The obtained results did not show a monotonic dependence of the mechanical parameters on PAC content, with the exception of the maximum strain, which decreased as the amount of the additive increased. The visible effect of PAC addition was manifested in changes in the adhesive force value and in water vapor permeability (WVP). The barrier properties decreased with the increase of the filler content.

Download Full-text

Research on Preparation and Properties of Edible Composite Protein Films

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.87.213 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 87 ◽

pp. 213-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Gui Yun Chen ◽

Qiao Lei

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Water Vapor ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Sodium Caseinate ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Edible Films ◽

Protein Isolate ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Protein Films

Edible films based on whey protein isolate and sodium caseinate were prepared by uniform design method. Glycerol has been incorporated into the edible films as a plasticizer. For all types of films, the influences of components and forming temperature on film properties, such as mechanical properties, water solubility, optical properties, gas and water vapor permeability were investigated. The results suggested that glycerol was the most important factor influencing all the properties of edible composite protein films. However, both increases of sodium caseinate concentration and glycerol content contributed to decrease the barrier properties of gas and water vapor. Among the films studied, group D (prepared with 5% whey protein isolate, 2% sodium caseinate, 50% glycerol at the temperature of 50 °C) showed moderate mechanical properties, optical properties, water solubility and maximum barrier properties of gas and water vapor, with tensile strength=5.85MPa, elongation=101.20%, transparency=91.4%, gas permeability rate=49.92cm3m-2d-10.1MPa-1and water vapor permeability of 0.128×10-11g m-1s-1Pa-1, 0.260×10-11g m-1s-1Pa-1, 0.513×10-11g m-1s-1Pa-1, 1.252×10-11g m-1s-1Pa-1at the RH gradient of 10-40%, 10-50%, 10-60%, 10-70%, respectively.

Download Full-text

Effect of DMDHEU treatment on properties of bacterial cellulose material

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/0040517521992357 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 004051752199235

Author(s):

Florentina Sederavičiūtė ◽

Jurgita Domskienė ◽

Lina Jurgelionytė ◽

Audronė Sankauskaite ◽

Dushan Kimmer

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

Bacterial Cellulose ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Absorption Capacity ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Crosslinking Reaction ◽

Sem Images ◽

Cellulose Material

The aim of this study was to estimate the influence of purification and treatment with textile finishing agent procedures on structural, mechanical, and water barrier properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) in order to predict the end-use properties. Kombucha fungus generated by Komagataeibacter xylinus species, formerly known as Gluconacetobacter xylinus, was used to produce the BC material. The BC was purified with 0.5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution and treated with 5%, 10%, and 20% concentration of N, N-dimethylol 4,5-dihydroxy-ethylene urea (DMDHEU). By Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) was estimated, that the purification with a weak alkali solution was effective to remove amorphous matter of the BC material. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images demonstrated the BC structure, similar to a non-woven textile fabric with clearly visible three-dimensional networks of fine cellulose fibers. After the purification process, the BC material tensile strength increased by 52%; however, the strain decreased by 93%. BC material after treatment with 20% DMDHEU regained deformability and tensile properties analogous to untreated samples. Water vapor permeability (WVP) values increased and water absorption capacity (WAC) decreased in BC material with increasing DMDHEU concentration. According to the FTIR results, the crosslinking reaction of DMDHEU and adjacent BC molecules was proved. The treatment with DMDHEU restores the amorphous properties of BC material, and therefore blocks water absorption, and the decrease in the water absorption parameter might be determined.

Download Full-text

Hybrid films from plant and bacterial nanocellulose: mechanical and barrier properties

Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal ◽

10.1515/npprj-2021-0036 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Thiago Moreira Cruz ◽

Adriano Reis Prazeres Mascarenhas ◽

Mário Vanoli Scatolino ◽

Douglas Lamounier Faria ◽

Lays Camila Matos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Water Vapor ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Contact Angles ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Hybrid Films

Abstract The accumulation of petroleum polymers compromises biodiversity and causes environmental problems. Nanocellulose enhances biodegradability and can improve the physical-mechanical performance of materials. The objective was to produce and characterize hybrid films composed of bacterial cellulose (BC) and plant nanocellulose from Eucalyptus (Euc) or Pinus (Pin). Films were produced by the casting method using filmogenic suspensions with different cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) proportions from both the sources (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 %). CNFs suspensions were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. The morphology of the films was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the transparency, contact angle, wettability, oil and water vapor barrier and mechanical properties were also evaluated. The contact angles were smaller for films with BC and the wettability was greater when comparing BC with plant CNFs (0.10 ° s − 1 {\text{s}^{-1}} for 75 % Euc/25 % BC and 0.20 ° s − 1 {\text{s}^{-1}} for 25 % Euc/75 % BC). The water vapor permeability (WVP) of the 100 % BC films and the 25 % Euc/75 % BC composition were the highest among the studied compositions. Tensile strength, Young’s modulus and puncture strength decreased considerably with the addition of BC in the films. More studies regarding pre-treatments to purify BC are needed to improve the mechanical properties of the films.

Download Full-text

Edible Chitosan Films and Their Nanosized Counterparts Exhibit Antimicrobial Activity and Enhanced Mechanical and Barrier Properties

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24010127 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 127 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Laidson Gomes ◽

Hiléia Souza ◽

José Campiña ◽

Cristina Andrade ◽

António Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽

Chitosan Film ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Blend Films ◽

Color Changes

Chitosan and chitosan-nanoparticles were combined to prepare biobased and unplasticized film blends displaying antimicrobial activity. Nanosized chitosans obtained by sonication for 5, 15, or 30 min were combined with chitosan at 3:7, 1:1, and 7:3 ratios, in order to adjust blend film mechanical properties and permeability. The incorporation of nanosized chitosans led to improvements in the interfacial interaction with chitosan microfibers, positively affecting film mechanical strength and stiffness, evidenced by scanning electron microscopy. Nanosized or blend chitosan film sensitivity to moisture was significantly decreased with the drop in biocomposite molecular masses, evidenced by increased water solubility and decreased water vapor permeability. Nanosized and chitosan interactions gave rise to light biobased films presenting discrete opacity and color changes, since red-green and yellow-blue colorations were affected. All chitosan blend films exhibited antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The performance of green unplasticized chitosan blend films displaying diverse morphologies has, thus, been proven as a potential step towards the design of nontoxic food packaging biobased films, protecting against spoilage microorganisms, while also minimizing environmental impacts.

Download Full-text

Physical and Barrier Properties of Polylactic Acid/Halloysite Nanotubes-Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposites

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1021.280 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1021 ◽

pp. 280-289

Author(s):

Abdulkader M. Alakrach ◽

Awad A. Al-Rashdi ◽

Mohamed Khalid Al-Omar ◽

Taha M. Jassam ◽

Sam Sung Ting ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Halloysite Nanotubes ◽

Nanocomposite Films ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Water Contact ◽

Film Density

In this study, PLA/TiO2 and PLA/HNTs-TiO2 nanocomposites films were fabricated via solution casting method. By testing the film density, solubility, water contact angle and water vapor permeability, the PLA nanocomposite films, the comprehensive performances of the nanocomposites were analysed. The outcomes demonstrated that maximum film density of PLA/TiO2 and PLA/HNTs-TiO2 nanocomposites films increased gradually with the increasing of nanofiller loadings. Moreover, the incorporation of TiO2 and HNTs-TiO2 significantly decreased the water vapor transmittance rate of the nanocomposite films with a slight priority to the addition of HNTs-TiO2, the water solubility was significantly improved with the addition of both nanofillers. Furthermore, the barrier properties were developed with the addition of both TiO2 and HNTs-TiO2 especially after the addition of low nanofiller loadings. Overall, the performance of the PLA/HNTs-TiO2 nanocomposite films was better than that PLA/TiO2 film. Nevertheless, both of the PLA nanocomposite samples achieved the requests of food packaging applications.

Download Full-text

The Effects of Nano-SiO2 on Mechanical, Barrier, and Moisture Sorption Isotherm Models of Novel Soluble Soybean Polysaccharide Films

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.1515/ijfe-2015-0148 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 833-840 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Seyedehzahra Ghazihoseini ◽

Niloofar Alipoormazandarani ◽

Abdorreza Mohammadi Nafchi

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Sorption Isotherm ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Moisture Sorption ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Moisture Sorption Isotherm ◽

Monolayer Moisture

In this research, a novel polysaccharide-based bionanocomposite film was prepared via dispersion casting method. Nano-silicon dioxide (SiO2-N) was incorporated into soluble soybean polysaccharide (SSPS) at different concentrations (i.e., 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% w/w dried SSPS). Mechanical (tensile strength, elongation at break, and Young’s modulus), physical (moisture content, water solubility, and moisture uptake), and barrier properties of bionanocomposite films were evaluated. Incorporation of 5% SiO2-N to SSPS matrix decreased water vapor permeability (WVP) from 7.96×10−11 to 4.75×10−11 g m−1 s−1 Pa−1 and oxygen permeability from 215 to 96 cm3 µm m−2 day−1 atm−1. Heat seal strength and mechanical properties of SSPS films were improved. Moisture sorption isotherm of SSPS films supported by SiO2-N was shifted to lower moisture content, and monolayer moisture content of the films decreased significantly (p<0.05). In summary, SiO2-N is a potential filler in SSPS-based films for packaging materials.

Download Full-text

Characterization of Food Packaging Films with Blackcurrant Fruit Waste as a Source of Antioxidant and Color Sensing Intelligent Material

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26092569 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 2569

Author(s):

Mia Kurek ◽

Nasreddine Benbettaieb ◽

Mario Ščetar ◽

Eliot Chaudy ◽

Maja Repajić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Packaging ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Color Change ◽

Chitosan Film ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Color Changes ◽

Insoluble Particles ◽

Polymer Stability ◽

Food Packaging Films

Chitosan and pectin films were enriched with blackcurrant pomace powder (10 and 20% (w/w)), as bio-based material, to minimize food production losses and to increase the functional properties of produced films aimed at food coatings and wrappers. Water vapor permeability of active films increased up to 25%, moisture content for 27% in pectin-based ones, but water solubility was not significantly modified. Mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break and Young’s modulus) were mainly decreased due to the residual insoluble particles present in blackcurrant waste. FTIR analysis showed no significant changes between the film samples. The degradation temperatures, determined by DSC, were reduced by 18 °C for chitosan-based samples and of 32 °C lower for the pectin-based samples with blackcurrant powder, indicating a disturbance in polymer stability. The antioxidant activity of active films was increased up to 30-fold. Lightness and redness of dry films significantly changed depending on the polymer type. Significant color changes, especially in chitosan film formulations, were observed after exposure to different pH buffers. This effect is further explored in formulations that were used as color change indicators for intelligent biopackaging.

Download Full-text