scholarly journals Lyophilized Emulsions in the Form of 3D Porous Matrices as a Novel Material for Topical Application

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 950
Author(s):  
Weronika Prus-Walendziak ◽  
Justyna Kozlowska
Keyword(s):  
Porous Materials ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Residual Moisture ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Flower Extract ◽  
Novel Material

Researchers are constantly searching for innovations that can be applied to the cosmetic industry. Production of porous materials stored in a lyophilized form and swollen directly before use may be beneficial considering their facilitated packaging, transport and storage. In this study, we propose porous materials based on sodium alginate, gelatin, glycerol and lipids (cottonseed oil and beeswax) obtained by freeze-drying and cross-linking. Material composition with the most promising properties was modified by the addition of PLA microparticles with Calendula officinalis flower extract. The structure and properties of obtained porous materials were analyzed. ATR-FTIR, mechanical properties, residual moisture content, porosity and density were assessed, as well as swelling properties and degradation after their cross-linking. The loading capacity and in vitro release of Calendula officinalis flower extract were performed for samples with incorporated PLA microparticles containing plant extract. The modification of the composition and fabrication method of materials significantly influenced their physicochemical properties. The selected plant extract was successfully incorporated into polymeric microparticles that were subsequently added into developed materials. Prepared materials may be considered during designing new cosmetic formulations.

scholarly journals Design of Sodium Alginate/Gelatin-Based Emulsion Film Fused with Polylactide Microparticles Charged with Plant Extract

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weronika Prus-Walendziak ◽  
Justyna Kozlowska
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Plant Extract ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Polymeric Films ◽  
Solvent Evaporation Method ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Flower Extract ◽  
Polymeric Microparticles ◽  
Emulsion Film ◽  
Emulsion Films

This study aimed at designing emulsion films based on sodium alginate, gelatin, and glycerol, and their modification by the addition of lipids (cottonseed oil and beeswax). Film composition with the most promising properties was further modified by the incorporation of polylactide (PLA) microparticles with Calendula officinalis flower extract. PLA microspheres were obtained by the emulsion/solvent evaporation method. The size distribution of oily particles in emulsions was investigated. Mechanical properties, moisture content, UV-Vis spectra, and the color of films were analyzed, while biophysical skin parameters were assessed after their application to the skin. Moreover, the contact angles were measured, and the surface free energy of polymeric films was determined. An investigation of the amount of Calendula officinalis flower extract which can be incorporated into PLA microparticles was performed. The modification of the composition of films significantly influenced their physicochemical properties. The selected active ingredient in the form of plant extract was successfully incorporated into polymeric microparticles that were further added into the developed emulsion film. The condition of the skin after the application of obtained emulsion films improved. The prepared materials, especially containing microparticles with plant extract, can be considered for designing new cosmetic forms, such as cosmetic masks, as well as new topical formulations for pharmaceutical delivery.

Preparation, Characterization and In Vitro Release Kinetics of Vancomycin Carried β-TCP/Chitosan Composite Microspheres Used as Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 1821-1825
Author(s):  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Xue Min Cui ◽  
Qing Feng Zan ◽  
Li Min Dong ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Composite Microspheres ◽  
Chitosan Composite ◽  
Vitro Release

A novel microsphere scaffolds composed of chitosan and β-TCP containing vancomycin was designed and prepared. The β-TCP/chitosan composite microspheres were prepared by solid-in-water-in-oil (s/w/o) emulsion cross-linking method with or without pre-cross-linking process. The mode of vancomycin maintaining in the β-TCP/chitosan composite microspheres was detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The in vitro release curve of vancomycin in simulated body fluid (SBF) was estimated. The results revealed that the pre-cross-linking prepared microspheres possessed higher loading efficiency (LE) and encapsulation efficiency (EE) especially decreasing the previous burst mass of vancomycin in incipient release. These composite microspheres got excellent sphere and well surface roughness in morphology. Vancomycin was encapsulated in composite microspheres through absorption and cross-linking. While in-vitro release curves illustrated that vancomycin release depond on diffusing firstly and then on the degradation ratio later. The microspheres loading with vancomycin would be to restore bone defect, meanwhile to inhibit bacterium proliferation. These bioactive, degradable composite microspheres have potential applications in 3D tissue engineering of bone and other tissues in vitro and in vivo.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Effects of Marigold (Calendula officinalis) Flower Extract on the Oxidative Balance of Bovine Spermatozoa

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Filip Benko ◽  
Valentína Palkovičová ◽  
Michal Ďuračka ◽  
Július Árvay ◽  
Norbert Lukáč ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Oxidation ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Calendula Officinalis ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Flower Extract ◽  
Bovine Spermatozoa ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Summary The aim of our study was evaluation of potential antioxidant effects of marigold (Calendula officinalis) extract and assessment of its in vitro impact on the selected quality parameters of bovine spermatozoa. Marigold is medicinal herb from the family Asteraceae native to southern Europe, and it commonly used in pharmacology and medicine. Its well-known positive properties include antioxidant, antibacterial, antiflammatory, antiviral, antifungal, antihelmintic and wound-healing activities. In this study, the flower extracts were subjected to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which identified especially phenolic acids (rosmarinic and chlorogenic acids) and polyphenols (rutin, kaempferol, resveratrol, quercetin and apigenin). These substances are known for their antioxidant activity and protective effects against oxidative stress. For our experiments, 10 samples of semen from sexually mature Holstein bulls were collected on a single day by using an artificial vagina, diluted in physiological saline solution and exposed to solutions with different concentration of marigold flower extract (75, 150 and 300 µg/mL). Selected quality parameters (motility, mitochondrial activity, production of reactive oxygen species – ROS, protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation – LPO) were analyzed after 0, 2 and 24 hours of in vitro culture. The motility evaluation was performed by using the computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) method. This method revealed that 75 and 150 µg/mL extract had positive effects and increased the motility (P<0.01) and mitochondrial activity (P<0.0001) of bovine spermatozoa compared to the control group following 2 and 24 hours. This phenomenon was observed also in case of ROS production, protein oxidation and LPO. Marigold extract concentrations of 75 and 150 µg/mL decreased the levels of ROS, protein oxidation and damage to the membranes caused by LPO compared to the control group (P<0.05; P<0.01) at time 2 and 24 hours. At the same time, 300 µg/mL extract exhibited positive, although less significant, effects compared to 75 and 150 µg/mL extracts. The data acquired from our study confirm that 75 and 150 µg/mL of marigold flower extract have positive effects on the motility and mitochondrial activity of bovine spermatozoa, and decrease ROS generation, LPO and protein oxidation in spermatozoa. Based on our results, the flower extract from marigold could be used for protection against oxidative stress in in vitro cultures of male gametes.

scholarly journals Modulation of Entrapment Efficiency and In Vitro Release Properties of BSA-Loaded Chitosan Microparticles Cross-Linked with Citric Acid as a Potential Protein–Drug Delivery System

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Sedyakina ◽  
Andrey Kuskov ◽  
Kelly Velonia ◽  
Nataliya Feldman ◽  
Sergey Lutsenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Model Protein ◽  
Cross Linker ◽  
The Cross

Microparticles, aimed for oral protein and peptide drug delivery, were prepared via emulsion cross-linking using citric acid as cross-linker and polyglycerol polyricinoleate as surfactant. A comparative study of the interaction between chitosan and citric acid and its effect on the resulting microparticle properties was performed using different chitosan-to-cross-linker mass ratios and pH-values during fabrication of the microparticles. Non-cross-linked and cross-linked microparticles were studied in terms of size (4–12 μm), zeta potential (−15.7 to 12.8 mV), erosion (39.7–75.6%), a model protein encapsulation efficiency (bovine serum albumin) (6.8–27.6%), and loading capacity (10.4–40%). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction confirmed the ionic interaction between the protonated amine groups of chitosan and the carboxylate ions of the cross-linking agent. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the non-cross-linked microparticles had an uneven shape with wrinkled surfaces, while the cross-linked formulations were spherical in shape with smooth surfaces. On the basis of these data, the role of the surfactant and microparticle structure on the release mechanism was proposed. Control of the microparticle shape and release mechanisms is expected to be crucial in developing carriers for the controlled delivery of proteins and peptides.

scholarly journals Preparation and Evaluation of Metronidazole-Loaded Pectin Films for Potentially Targeting a Microbial Infection Associated with Periodontal Disease

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taepin Junmahasathien ◽  
Pattaraporn Panraksa ◽  
Paytaai Protiarn ◽  
Doosadee Hormdee ◽  
Rajda Noisombut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Vitro Release

The objective of this study was to develop the metronidazole loaded high and low methoxyl pectin films (HM-G-MZ and LM-G-MZ) for the treatment of periodontal disease. The films were prepared by pectin 3% w/v, glycerin 40% w/v, and metronidazole 5% w/v. The developed films were characterized by scanning electron microscope and evaluated for thickness, weight variation, and elasticity. The developed films showing optimal mechanical properties were selected to evaluate radial swelling properties, in vitro release of metronidazole and the antimicrobial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans by the disc diffusion method. The results demonstrated that LM-MZ and HM-G-MZ films were colorless and yellowish color, respectively, with the film thickness around 0.36–0.38 mm. Furthermore, both films exhibited good elasticity with low puncture strength (1.63 ± 0.37 and 0.84 ± 0.03 N/mm2, respectively) and also showed slight increase in radial swelling, so that they could be easily inserted and fitted into the periodontal pocket during a clinical use. However, HM-G-MZ showed a decrease in radial swelling after 1 h due to the film erosion. The in vitro release study of LM-G-MZ showed a burst release that was initially followed by a slow release rate profile, capable to maintain the therapeutic level in periodontal pocket for seven days, whereas HM-G-MZ showed an immediate release profile. The cumulative percentage of metronidazole release from HM-G-MZ was less than LM-G-MZ during the first 5 min as metronidazole was in a crystalline form inside HM-G-MZ film. For antimicrobial activity test, both films showed the inhibitory effect against P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans, and there was no difference in the inhibition zone between LM-G-MZ and HM-G-MZ. The present study showed, for the first time, that low methoxyl pectin film containing glycerin and metronidazole could be potentially considered as a promising clinical tool for the drug delivery via intra-periodontal pocket to target an oral disease that is associated with polymicrobial infection.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Characterization of Curcumin-β-Cyclodextrin and Cyclodextrin-Based Nanosponge Inclusion Complexation

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4073
Author(s):  
Hadeia Mashaqbeh ◽  
Rana Obaidat ◽  
Nizar Al-Shar’i
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Inclusion Complexation ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Phase Solubility ◽  
Drug Bioavailability ◽  
Cyclodextrin Complex ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Study Results

Cyclodextrin polymers and cyclodextrin-based nanosponges have been widely investigated for increasing drug bioavailability. This study examined curcumin’s complexation stability and solubilization with β-cyclodextrin and β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponge. Nanosponges were prepared through the cross-linking of β-cyclodextrin with different molar ratios of diphenyl carbonate. Phase solubility experiments were conducted to evaluate the formed complexes and evaluate the potential of using β-cyclodextrin and nanosponge in pharmaceutical formulations. Furthermore, physicochemical characterizations of the prepared complexes included PXRD, FTIR, NMR, and DSC. In addition, in vitro release studies were performed for the prepared formulations. The formation of β-cyclodextrin complexes enhanced curcumin solubility up to 2.34-fold compared to the inherent solubility, compared to a 2.95-fold increment in curcumin solubility when loaded in β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges. Interestingly, the stability constant for curcumin nanosponges was (4972.90 M−1), which was ten times higher than that for the β-cyclodextrin complex, where the value was 487.34 M−1. The study results indicated a decrease in the complexation efficiency and solubilization effect with the increased cross-linker amount. This study’s findings showed the potential of using cyclodextrin-based nanosponge and the importance of studying the effect of cross-linking density for the preparation of β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponges to be used for pharmaceutical formulations.

scholarly journals Development of Nitazoxanide Loaded Polymeric Nanocarriers: Box Behnken Experimental Design Based Optimisation and Characterisation

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-53
Author(s):  
Charu Bharti ◽  
Shrestha Sharma ◽  
Shobhit Kumar ◽  
Syed Arman Rabbani
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Surface Geometry ◽  
Sustained Drug Release ◽  
Model Drug

The current investigation is focused on formulation, optimisation and characterisation of polymeric based nanomaterial. Nitazoxanide (NTZ) loaded polymeric nanoparticles were prepared by homogenisation technique using Eudragit RL100 as a polymer matrix and Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) as a cross linking agent. NTZ was used as a model drug and investigated for preformulation parameters along with excipients, identification of concentration for optimization, selection of independent (X) and dependent (Y) variables and characterisation of optimised formulation. Polymeric nanoparticles were obtained after optimization using 33 factorial design by Box Behnken Design expert (BBD). The role and influence of key process variables i.e. concentration of polymer, concentration of cross linking agent and speed of rotation of homogeniser at their respective three different levels for the optimisation of formulation were also investigated. The synthesised optimised polymeric nanoparticles were further characterised by dynamic light scattering (DLS) for its particle size (137.11nm), PDI (0.180) and zeta potential (33.4 mV) while X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to justify the amorphous and crystalline nature of drug and excipients. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) further revealed surface geometry of these nanoparticles being spherical in shape, drug entrapment efficiency (%DEE) was found to be 81.89% and in vitro release studies showed sustained drug release effect. The antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli was also determined.

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