Direct Pattern Growth of Carbon Nanomaterials by Laser Scribing on Spin-Coated Cu-PI Composite Films and Their Gas Sensor Application

The excellent physical and chemical properties of carbon nanomaterials render them suitable for application in gas sensors. However, the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials using high-temperature furnaces is time consuming and expensive. In this study, we synthesize a carbon nanomaterial using local laser-scribing on a substrate coated with a Cu-embedded polyimide (PI) thin film to reduce the processing time and cost. Spin coating using a Cu-embedded PI solution is performed to deposit a Cu-embedded PI thin film (Cu@PI) on a quartz substrate, followed by the application of a pulsed laser for carbonization. In contrast to a pristine PI solution-based PI thin film, the laser absorption of the Cu-embedded PI thin film based on Cu@PI improved. The laser-scribed carbon nanomaterial synthesized using Cu@PI exhibits a three-dimensional structure that facilitates gas molecule absorption, and when it is exposed to NO2 and NH3, its electrical resistance changes by −0.79% and +0.33%, respectively.

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Dendrimers: A New Race of Pharmaceutical Nanocarriers

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/8844030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Pooja Mittal ◽

Anjali Saharan ◽

Ravinder Verma ◽

Farag M. A. Altalbawy ◽

Mohammed A. Alfaidi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Synthesis Mechanism ◽

Drug Conjugates ◽

Wide Range ◽

New Race ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Dendrimers are nanosized, symmetrical molecules in which a small atom or group of atoms is surrounded by the symmetric branches known as dendrons. The structure of dendrimers possesses the greatest impact on their physical and chemical properties. They grow outwards from the core-shell which further reacts with monomers having one reactive or two dormant molecules. Dendrimers’ unique characteristics such as hyperbranching, well-defined spherical structure, and high compatibility with the biological systems are responsible for their wide range of applications including medical and biomedical areas. Particularly, the dendrimers’ three-dimensional structure can incorporate a wide variety of drugs to form biologically active drug conjugates. In this review, we focus on the synthesis, mechanism of drug encapsulations in dendrimers, and their wide applications in drug delivery.

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The Construction of New Proteins. II. Design, Synthesis and Conformational Studies of Folding Units with βαβ-Topology

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B ◽

10.1515/znb-1986-1020 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 41 (10) ◽

pp. 1315-1322 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Manfred Mutter ◽

Karl-Heinz Altmann ◽

Thomas Vorherr

Keyword(s):

Solid Phase ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Spectroscopic Studies ◽

General Concept ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Design Synthesis ◽

Phase Synthesis ◽

Conformational Studies ◽

Conformational Effects

The design, synthesis and preliminary conformational studies of two polypeptides exhibiting βαβ-type folding topologies are presented. In the design of the model peptides the general concept for the construction of new proteins developed in the preceeding paper was applied. According to this strategy, amphiphilic helices and β-sheets are linked together via hydrophilic loops to attain three-dimensional structures of higher order (‘supersecondary structures’). Computer-assisted molecular modelling served as a valuable tool for minimizing conformational constraints within the molecules. The 38-residue peptide MI was synthesized using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as solubilizing polymeric support (‘Liquid-Phase synthesis'). Conformationally induced changes in the physico-chemical properties of the growing peptide chain stressed the significance of conformational effects in peptide synthesis reported earlier. Similar observations were made during the solid-phase synthesis of the 35-peptide MII. CD and IR spectroscopic studies revealed a high degree of secondary structure for both folding units. The present data strongly support the adoption of a three-dimensional structure for both models.

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Three-dimensional structure of the buffer/absorber interface in CdS/CuGaSe2 based thin film solar cells

Applied Physics Letters ◽

10.1063/1.3253419 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 95 (17) ◽

pp. 173502 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

M. Rusu ◽

M. Bär ◽

S. Lehmann ◽

S. Sadewasser ◽

L. Weinhardt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Solar Cells ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Thin Film Solar Cells ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Three Dimensional Structure

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Smart Hydrogels for Pharmaceutical Applications

Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-1798-6.ch044 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1133-1164

Author(s):

Snežana S. Ilić-Stojanović ◽

Ljubiša B. Nikolić ◽

Vesna D. Nikolić ◽

Slobodan D. Petrović

Keyword(s):

Electric Fields ◽

Polymer Network ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Stimuli Responsive ◽

Crosslinking Degree ◽

Color Transparency ◽

Hydrogel Network ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Responsive Hydrogels

The latest development in the field of smart hydrogels application as drugs carriers is shown in this chapter. Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymer network consisting of at least one hydrophilic monomer. They are insoluble in water, but in the excess presence of water or physiological fluids, swell to the equilibrium state. The amount of absorbed water depends on the chemical composition and the crosslinking degree of 3D hydrogel network and reaches over 1000% of the xerogel weight. Stimuli-responsive hydrogels exhibit significant change of their properties (swelling, color, transparency, conductivity, shape) due to small changes in the external environment conditions (pH, ionic strength, temperature, light wavelength, magnetic or electric fields, ultrasound, or a combination thereof). This smart hydrogels, with different physical and chemical properties, chemical structure and technology of obtaining, show great potential for application in the pharmaceutical industry. The application of smart hydrogels is very promising and at the beginning of the development and exploitation.

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Mapping the physical and chemical properties of the planetary nebula NGC 3242

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s1743921312011866 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (S283) ◽

pp. 448-449

Author(s):

Hektor Monteiro ◽

Denise Gonçalves ◽

Marcelo Leal-Ferreira ◽

Romano Corradi ◽

Sebastian Sánchez

Keyword(s):

Planetary Nebula ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Small Scale ◽

Chemical Abundances ◽

Electronic Density ◽

Spatially Resolved ◽

Integral Field Spectroscopy ◽

Main Components ◽

Physical And Chemical

AbstractWe present optical integral field spectroscopy analysis of the main components, with the exception of the halo, as well as of the detected small-scale structures of the planetary nebulae NGC 3242. The observations were obtained with the VIMOS instrument attached to VLT-UT3. Spatially resolved maps of the electronic density (Ne), temperatures (Te) and chemical abundances, i.e., in a pixel to pixel fashion of the small and large-scales structures of this planetary nebula are determined in this work. These diagnostic and abundance maps represent important constraints for future detailed three dimensional photoionization modeling of the nebula, as well as providing important information on biases introduced by traditional slit observations.

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Current Progress in Cross-Linked Peptide Self-Assemblies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21207577 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (20) ◽

pp. 7577

Author(s):

Noriyuki Uchida ◽

Takahiro Muraoka

Keyword(s):

Self Assembly ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Cell Scaffold ◽

Scaffold Materials ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Peptide-based fibrous supramolecular assemblies represent an emerging class of biomaterials that can realize various bioactivities and structures. Recently, a variety of peptide fibers with attractive functions have been designed together with the discovery of many peptide-based self-assembly units. Cross-linking of the peptide fibers is a key strategy to improve the functions of these materials. The cross-linking of peptide fibers forming three-dimensional networks in a dispersion can lead to changes in physical and chemical properties. Hydrogelation is a typical change caused by cross-linking, which makes it applicable to biomaterials such as cell scaffold materials. Cross-linking methods, which have been conventionally developed using water-soluble covalent polymers, are also useful in supramolecular peptide fibers. In the case of peptide fibers, unique cross-linking strategies can be designed by taking advantage of the functions of amino acids. This review focuses on the current progress in the design of cross-linked peptide fibers and their applications.

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Graphene Research in China

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2013.185 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1505 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kexin Chen

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Status ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Number Of Publications ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

ABSTRACTGraphene, a monolayer of sp2-bonded carbon atoms, has been attracting worldwide interests because of its unique two-dimensional structure, various fascinating properties and a wide range of intriguing potential applications. The graphene research is very active in China and has been developing rapidly in the past few years, which covers nearly all the areas related to graphene including theories, synthesis, physical and chemical properties, and applications. Over 100 research institutions have been involved in graphene research with fast-growing project supports. In this paper, the status of graphene research in China is first discussed based on the number of publications and patents as well as the institutions involved. Then the projects and fundings from both government and companies for graphene research are briefly introduced. Finally, the highlights of graphene research in China are reviewed, which include chemical vapor deposition growth and transfer, mass production, and assembly of graphene, and its applications in energy storage, sensing, composites and solar cells.

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The recent progress of nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials for electrochemical batteries

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/c8ta03968b ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (27) ◽

pp. 12932-12944 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

Jingxia Wu ◽

Zhiyong Pan ◽

Ye Zhang ◽

Bingjie Wang ◽

Huisheng Peng

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Properties ◽

Nitrogen Doping ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Carbon Nanomaterials ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Nitrogen Doped ◽

Nitrogen Doped Carbon ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Nitrogen-doping represents a general and effective method in adjusting the physical and chemical properties of carbon nanomaterials. The recent progress in the synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon nanomaterials and their applications in batteries are carefully discussed with a focus on their electrochemical properties.

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Thin Film Stabilization of Different VO2 Polymorphs

10.5772/intechopen.94454 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Manish Kumar ◽

Chirag Saharan ◽

Sunita Rani

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Smart Windows ◽

Thin Film Form ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Vo2 Thin Films ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Film Form

In recent years, VO2 has emerged as a popular candidate among the scientific community across the globe owing to its unique technological and fundamental aspects. VO2 can exist in several polymorphs (such as: A, B, C, D, M1, M2, M3, P, R and T) which offer a broad spectrum of functionalities suitable for numerous potential applications likewise smart windows, switching devices, memory materials, battery materials and so on. Each phase of VO2 has specific physical and chemical properties. The device realization based on specific functionality call for stabilization of good quality single phase VO2 thin films of desired polymorphs. Hence, the control on the growth of different VO2 polymorphs in thin film form is very crucial. Different polymorphs of VO2 can be stabilized by selecting the growth route, growth parameters and type of substrate etc. In this chapter, we present an overview of stabilization of the different phases of VO2 in the thin film form and the identification of these phases mainly by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy techniques.

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Visualização Volumétrica Aplicada às Geociências

Pesquisas em Geociências ◽

10.22456/1807-9806.17896 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

ANDREA LOPES IESCHECK ◽

CLAUDIA ROBBI SLUTER ◽

RENATO ANTÔNIO DEDECEK

Keyword(s):

Spatial Data ◽

Dimensional Space ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Volume Visualization ◽

Complete Information ◽

Continuous Body ◽

Volumetric Objects ◽

Third Dimension ◽

Physical And Chemical

This paper is on volume visualization of spatial data. It aims at showing new possibilities to visualize three-dimensional phenomena such as geology, soils, geophysics, seismic and the like. The use of volumes in the evaluation processes allows one to visualize and to explore the phenomenon as a continuous body in space, thus incorporating the third dimension in cartography. The volumetric visualization is a branch of scientific visualization that has shown a fast growth and its goal is to comprehend the internal structure and the behavior of three-dimensional volumetric objects. Volumetric visualization depends on the interaction. We must, therefore, interact with the volume trough rotations, cuts and other forms of graphic manipulation, seeking the complete information. The methodology of this research entails the acquisition of three-dimensional data, three-dimensional interpolation, as well as volume formation and visualization by means of three-dimensional Geographic Information System and volumetric visualization software. Soil’s data were interpolated in order to be continuously represented in three-dimensional space. The outcome of volume representations of physical and chemical properties is a new way to visualize the soil and a new source of knowledge to the study of this phenomenon.

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