scholarly journals The Effect of Sandblasting on Properties and Structures of the DC03/1.0347, DC04/1.0338, DC05/1.0312, and DD14/1.0389 Steels for Deep Drawing

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3540
Author(s):  
Janusz Krawczyk ◽  
Michał Bembenek ◽  
Łukasz Frocisz ◽  
Tomasz Śleboda ◽  
Marek Paćko
Keyword(s):  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Static Tensile ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Heat Released ◽  
Impact Erosion

The erosion phenomenon has a significant influence on many metallic materials used in numerous industrial sectors. In this paper, we present the results of an analysis of the influence of abrasive impact erosion on surface and properties of DC03/1.0347, DC04/1.0338, DC05/1.0312, and DD14/1.0389 deep drawing steels. The chemical composition, static tensile tests, hardness tests, drawability tests, erosion tests, microstructure analysis, surface roughness, and hardness of the plates were investigated. The wear mechanisms and wear behavior of the investigated steels were also discussed. The results obtained in this study allowed the assessment of the microstructural changes in deep drawing steels under the influence of intense erosive impact. The obtained results indicate that the erosive impact may cause a significant grain refinement of the microstructure of the surfaces of the investigated materials. Moreover, large amounts of heat released during erosive impact may cause the material phase changes. This research expands the knowledge on specific mechanisms taking place during sandblasting and their influence on the properties of deep drawing steels and their wear behavior.

scholarly journals Process chain for the fabrication of hardenable aluminium-zirconium micro-components by deep drawing

2018 ◽  
Vol 190 ◽  
pp. 15013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Toenjes ◽  
Julien Kovac ◽  
Bernd Koehler ◽  
Axel von Hehl ◽  
Andreas Mehner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Process Chain ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Cold Forming ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Material State

Today, micro components are used in various industrial sectors such as electronics engineering and medical applications. The final quality of such parts depends on each individual step of the production chain from the manufacturing of semi-finished parts to the post-processing. In this study, magnetron sputtering is used to manufacture thin (15-30 μm) aluminium-zirconium alloy foils for the deep drawing of high strength and hardenable micro cups, which can be, for example, employed as micro valve caps. The development of a novel process chain for the production of these parts includes four different steps, beginning with the production of Al-Zr foils by magnetron sputtering. Secondly, tensile tests are performed with the foils in order to estimate their mechanical properties. Subsequently, micro deep drawing is used to produce the cup’s shape, and finally, a heat treatment in a drop-down tube furnace adjusts the cup’s hardness during fall. It is shown in particular that Al-Zr foils produced by magnetron sputtering have an attractive cold forming and hardening potential due to a microstructure consisting essentially of an oversaturated solid solution of zirconium in the aluminium matrix. This material state enables adequate formability and simplifies the heat treatment process since no solution annealing is required.

Influence of Pre-Generated Infinite Adhesive Defects on the Forming Behaviour of Adhesive Bonded Steel Sheets

2014 ◽  
Vol 939 ◽  
pp. 328-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Satheeshkumar ◽  
R. Ganesh Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Plane Strain ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Adhesive Layer ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Epoxy Adhesive ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Sheet Materials ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Forming Behaviour

In the present investigation, the forming behaviour of adhesive bonded sheets with the pre-generated infinite defects in the adhesive layer is studied. The infinite defects are generated with different orientations like longitudinal, transverse and at an angle of 45°. The base sheet materials used are deep drawing quality steel and SS 316L sheets, and two part epoxy adhesive is used for bonding the base sheet materials. The formability is quantified by monitoring the load-extension behaviour, and limit strain, evaluated through tensile tests and in-plane plane strain (IPPS) formability tests. It is observed that there is a significant decrease in formability because of the presence of infinite defects in the adhesive layer. While comparing the formability of adhesive bonded blanks with respect to different orientations, transversely oriented defect shows more reduction than 45° and longitudinal cases. There is not much difference between the transversely oriented and 45° oriented infinite defects in tensile tests, whereas in the IPPS formability test results, there is no considerable difference between 45° and longitudinally oriented defect.

New Structures and Techniques for Easy Axial Loading Test of Static and Fatigue Properties of MEMS Materials

2005 ◽  
Vol 297-300 ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Hyub Park ◽  
Chung Youb Kim ◽  
Sung Hoon Choa ◽  
Chang Seung Lee ◽  
Woo Seong Che ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microelectromechanical Systems ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Mems Devices ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Static Tensile ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Electro Magnetic

Mechanical property evaluation of micrometer-sized structures is necessary to help design reliable microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. Most material properties are known to exhibit dependence on specimen size and such properties of microscale structures are not well characterized. This paper describes techniques developed for tensile testing of materials used in MEMS. Epi-polycrystalline silicon is currently the most widely used material, and its tensile strength has been measured as 1.52GPa. We have developed an axial testing machine for testing microscale specimen using electro-magnetic actuator. The field magnet and the moving coil taken from an audio-speaker were utilized as the components of the actuator. Structure of specimen was designed and manufactured for easy handling and alignment. In addition to the static tensile tests, new techniques and procedures for measuring strength are described.

scholarly journals Electron Beam Welding of TMCP steel S700MC

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Jacek Górka ◽  
Sylwester Błacha ◽  
Dawid Zagrobelny
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Static Tensile ◽  
Made In

The article discusses tests aimed to determine the effect of electron beam welding on the properties of butt welded joints made in 10 mm thick TMCP steel S700MC. The welding process was performed in the flat position (PA) using an XW150:30/756 welding and surface processing machine (Cambridge Vacuum Engineering). The joints obtained in the tests were subjected to non-destructive tests including visual tests and magnetic particle tests. The joints were also subjected to destructive tests including static tensile tests, bend tests, toughness tests (performed at a temperature of -30°C), hardness tests as well as macro and microscopic metallographic tests. The destructive tests revealed that the joint represented quality level B in accordance with the PN EN ISO 13919-1 standard. The analysis of the destructive test results related to the electron beam butt welded joint (made in steel S700MC) revealed its high mechanical and plastic properties. The toughness tests revealed a decrease in toughness in the HAZ (27 J/cm2) in comparison with that of the base material (50 J/cm2). In addition, the hardness of the HAZ and of the weld increased up to approximately 330 HV; the hardness of the base material amounted to 280 HV.

scholarly journals Causes of the cracks in the pipeline made of the 15HM steel

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
J. Słania ◽  
R. Krawczyk ◽  
M. Gątarek
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Static Tensile

Abstract Issues referring to cracks in the pipelines made of the 15HM steel are described. Metallographic specimen of welded joints are provided. The results of impact strength tests, hardness tests and static tensile tests are given. Tests results as well as direct and indirect causes of the pipeline cracks are shown.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Properties of Hardox Extreme Steel and Possibilities of Its Applications in Machinery

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Beata Białobrzeska ◽  
Robert Jasiński ◽  
Łukasz Konat ◽  
Łukasz Szczepański
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Machine Construction ◽  
Steel Mill ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Static Tensile ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reduction In Area

The article presents the results of Hardox Extreme steel tests in the as-delivered state from a steel mill (after quenching and tempering), and also in the normalized state. The research procedures included a microstructure analysis using light microscopy; and a static tensile test at ambient temperature to determine its Young’s modulus, yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and reduction in area after fracture. During the tensile tests, both the longitudinal and transverse orientation of rolling direction were taken into account. The Charpy impact test was also carried out in the temperature range of the ductile–brittle transition in connection with the fractographic analysis carried out with the use of a scanning microscope (SEM). The impact tests were carried out on samples in both directions on the plate, using the following temperatures: −40, −20, 0, +20 °C. Based on the structural and strength characteristics of Hardox Extreme steel determined on the basis of the research, in a further part of the paper the possibility of its use in machine construction elements operating in selected industrial sectors is considered/discussed, with a particular emphasis on reducing the level of energy consumption in the manufacturing and operation of the above technical facilities.

Progressive damage characteristics of screwed single-lap CFRPI-metal joint subjected to tensile loading at RT and 350°C

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832098559
Author(s):  
Yun-Tao Zhu ◽  
Jun-Jiang Xiong ◽  
Chu-Yang Luo ◽  
Yi-Sen Du
Keyword(s):  
Damage Model ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Displacement Curve ◽  
Progressive Damage ◽  
Damage Characteristics ◽  
Metal Joint ◽  
Static Tensile ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Progressive Damage Model

This paper outlines progressive damage characteristics of screwed single-lap CFRPI-metal joints subjected to tensile loading at RT (room temperature) and 350°C. Quasi-static tensile tests were performed on screwed single-lap CCF300/AC721-30CrMnSiA joint at RT and 350°C, and the load versus displacement curve, strength and stiffness of joint were gauged and discussed. With due consideration of thermal-mechanical interaction and complex failure mechanism, a modified progressive damage model (PDM) based on the mixed failure criterion was devised to simulate progressive damage characteristics of screwed single-lap CCF300/AC721-30CrMnSiA joint, and simulations correlate well with experiments. By using the PDM, the effects of geometry dimensions on mechanical characteristics of screwed single-lap CCF300/AC721-30CrMnSiA joint were analyzed and discussed.

scholarly journals The Performance of CR180IF and DP600 Laser Welded Steel Sheets under Different Strain Rates

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1553
Author(s):  
Mária Mihaliková ◽  
Kristína Zgodavová ◽  
Peter Bober ◽  
Anna Špegárová
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Steel ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Dynamic Test ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Joint Surface ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Interstitial Free ◽  
Welded Steel ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Static Tensile

The presented research background is a car body manufacturer’s request to test the car body’s components welded from dissimilar steel sheets. In view of the vehicle crew’s protection, it is necessary to study the static and dynamic behavior of welded steels. Therefore, the influence of laser welding on the mechanical and dynamical properties, microstructure, microhardness, and welded joint surface roughness of interstitial free CR180IF and dual-phase DP600 steels were investigated. Static tensile tests were carried out by using testing machine Zwick 1387, and dynamic test used rotary hammer machine RSO. Sheet steel was tested at different strain rates ranging from 10−3 to 103 s−1. The laser welds’ microstructure and microhardness were evaluated in the base metal, heat-affected zone, and fusion zone. The comprehensive analysis also included chemical analysis, fracture surface analysis, and roughness measurement. The research results showed that the strain rate had an influence on the mechanical properties of base materials and welded joints. The dynamic loading increases the yield stress more than the ultimate tensile strength for the monitored steels, while the most significant increase was recorded for the welded material.

scholarly journals Investigations on arc brazing for galvanized heavy steel plates in steel and shipbuilding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Andreazza ◽  
Andreas Gericke ◽  
Knuth-Michael Henkel
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Thin Sheet ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Filler Materials ◽  
Static Tensile ◽  
Brazed Joints

AbstractArc brazing with low-melting copper-based filler materials, which has long been established and standardized in the thin sheet sector, offers numerous advantages in the processing of predominantly electrolytically galvanized steel structures. In steel and shipbuilding, on the other hand, equipment parts made of thick steel sheets are hot-dip galvanized at low cost and with good corrosion-inhibiting properties. Quality welding of such constructions is not possible without special precautions such as removing the zinc layer and subsequent recoating. With regard to greater plate thicknesses, arc brazing was analyzed in these investigations as an alternative joining method with regard to its suitability for practical use. Within the scope of the investigations, CuSi3Mn, CuMn12Ni2, and four different aluminum bronzes were examined on different sheet surface conditions with regard to the geometrical and production parameters. This was carried out by build-up and connection brazing, executed as butt and cross joints. Quasi-static tensile tests and fatigue tests were used to assess the strength behavior. In addition, metallographic analyses are carried out as well as hardness tests. The suitability for multi-layer brazing and the tendency to distortion were also investigated, as well as the behavior of arc brazed joints under corrosive conditions.

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