scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Bio-Composites Based on Epoxy Resin and Nanocellulose Fibres

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3576
Author(s):  
Martyna Roszowska-Jarosz ◽  
Joanna Masiewicz ◽  
Marcin Kostrzewa ◽  
Wojciech Kucharczyk ◽  
Wojciech Żurowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Critical Stress Intensity Factor ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Cellulose Pulp ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Unmodified Epoxy

The aim of our research was to investigate the effect of a small nanocellulose (NC) addition on an improvement of the mechanical properties of epoxy composites. A procedure of chemical extraction from pressed lignin was used to obtain nanocellulose fibers. The presence of nanoparticles in the cellulose pulp was confirmed by FTIR/ATR spectra as well as measurement of nanocellulose particle size using a Zetasizer analyzer. Epoxy composites with NC contents from 0.5% to 1.5% w/w were prepared. The obtained composites were subjected to strength tests, such as impact strength (IS) and resistance to three-point bending with a determination of critical stress intensity factor (Kc). The impact strength of nanocellulose composites doubled in comparison to the unmodified epoxy resin (EP 0). Moreover, Kc was increased by approximately 50% and 70% for the 1.5 and 0.5% w/w NC, respectively. The maximum value of stress at break was achieved at 1% NC concentration in EP and it was 15% higher than that for unmodified epoxy resin. The highest value of destruction energy was characterized by the composition with 0.5% NC and corresponds to the increase of 102% in comparison with EP 0. Based on the analysis of the results it was noted that satisfactory improvement of the mechanical properties of the composite was achieved with a very small addition of nanofiller while other research indicates the need to add much more nanocellulose. It is also expected that this kind of use of raw materials will allow increasing the economic efficiency of the nanocomposite preparation process. Moreover, nanocomposites obtained in this way can be applied as elements of machines or as a modified epoxy matrix for sandwich composites, enabling production of the structure material with reduced weight but improved mechanical properties.

Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Lignin/Epoxy Resin Composites

2012 ◽  
Vol 482-484 ◽  
pp. 1959-1962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Fu Yin ◽  
Ming Wei Di
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Opposite Trend ◽  
Bonding Effect ◽  
Epoxy Resin Composites ◽  
The Impact

Lignin/epoxy resin composites were prepared by blending lignin with epoxy resin cured by polyamide. The effect of the content of lignin and polyamide on the mechanical properties of the lignin/epoxy resin composites was studied systemically. And the structure for the blend of lignin and epoxy resin without the curing agent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of mechanical properties test showed that the bending strength of the composites decreases gradually with increasing the content of lignin, while the impact strength increased firstly and then decreased. The bending strength of lignin/epoxy resin composites showed a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing with the increase of the content of polyamide, while the impact strength exhibited an opposite trend. The density for the composites increased with the addition of lignin, and polyamide exhibited an inconspicuous effect on density of the composites. The FTIR analysis results showed that the epoxy resin could be cured by lignin without polyamide, which concluded that the lignin could catalyze the cross-linking of epoxy resin or react with epoxy resin, and this bonding effect would beneficial to the properties of lignin/epoxy resin composites.

scholarly journals Epoxy composites with increased operational characteristics, filled with dispersed mineral fillers

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-335
Author(s):  
A. S. Mostovoi ◽  
A. S. Nurtazina ◽  
Yu. A. Kadykova
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Breaking Stress ◽  
Mineral Fillers ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this work is to increase the physicochemical, deformation and strength properties and to reduce the combustibility of composites on the base of epoxy resin by introducing a oligo(resorcinophenyl phosphate) with terminal phenyl groups Fyrolflex - modifier of polyfunctional action, and disperse mineral fillers – diorite and chromite. Result of the studies established that the optimum amount of modifier in the composition of the epoxy resin is 40 mass parts, which provides an increase in the operational properties of the composites: the breaking stress at bending increases by 2 times, the breaking stress at compression increases by 28%, the impact strength increases twice, while the modulus of elasticity and hardness of composites slightly decrease. The addition of modifier into the epoxy polymer provides an increase in heat resistance from 86 to 132–156 °C, also it improves the thermal stability of the composite, which manifests itself in a shift from the initial temperature to higher temperatures (from 200 to 230 °C), while it is noticed furthermore that yield of carbonized Structures was risen from 40 to 54%, providing less release of volatile pyrolysis products into the gas phase, which leads to the decrease in flammability of the epoxy composite and it can be shown in the reduction of its loss in mass while cauterizing in air from 78 to about 4.7% and an increase in the oxygen index from 19 to 28% by volume what transfers the material into class with low flammability. The rational content of diorite and chromite (100 parts by weight of chromite and 50 parts by mass of diorite) is chosen as a filler, which ensures an increase in physical and mechanical characteristics and a reduction in the cost of production: the breaking stress increases by 15–30% and the elastic modulus at bending increases 3.5–4.5 times, the breaking stress increases by 35%, and the tensile modulus by 50–240%, the hardness increases by 68–95%, while the impact strength remains at the level of the unfilled plasticized composite. In addition, it is proved that the addition of both diorite and chromite provides an increase in the thermal and heat resistance of epoxy composites, also lowers combustibility of the epoxy composite: the weight loss at ignition in air is reduced to 1.2–2.2% and the oxygen index rises from 28 to 30–35% by volume, thus the material does not support combustion in air and belongs to the class of hardly flammable. The study was carried out with the financial support of a grant for young scientists of the SSTU named after Gagarin Yu.A. (project SGTU-287).

Mechanical properties of cured epoxy resin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Savotchenko ◽  
Ekaterina Kovaleva
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Viscosity

We study experimentally the influence of mass fraction of L-20 hardener cold cure on mechanical properties of epoxy diane resin ED-20. We measure the hardness, tensile strength, bending strength and impact strength of resin at different values of the hardener mass fraction. It is found that the ratio hardener mass fraction of 1:0.9 leads to the highest values of the hardness, tensile strength, compressive strength and bending strength. The impact viscosity is maximum at the ratio hardener mass fraction of 1:0.8. The optimal ratio of a non-toxic safe hardener to the resin is derived based on obtained mechanical characteristics.

Effects of Weave Type and Fiber Content on Physical Properties of Sisal Fiber/Epoxy Composites

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 1139-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawitri Srisuwan ◽  
Pranee Chumsamrong
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Sisal Fiber ◽  
Pure Epoxy ◽  
Sisal Fibers ◽  
The Impact

In this study, the effects of weave type and fiber content on the physical properties of woven sisal fiber/epoxy composites were investigated. Sisal fibers used in this work were obtained from Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. Both untreated and alkali-treated fibers were employed. The woven sisal fibers were manufactured by hand weaving process. The fiber content in sisal fiber/epoxy composites were 3 wt.%, 5 wt.% and 10 wt.%. The composites were cured at room temperatures. In order to determine mechanical properties of the composites, flexural and impact tests were applied. Flexural strength and flexural modulus of all composites were higher than those of pure epoxy resin and tended to increase with increasing fiber content. The impact strength of all composites was lower than that of pure epoxy resin. The composites containing 10 wt.% sisal fibers showed the highest impact strength. There was no definite influence of weave type on flexural properties of the composites. At 3 and 5 wt.% fiber, the composites containing plain weave fibers seemed to show a higher impact strength than the composites containing other weave types.

scholarly journals Performance of Novel Engineered Materials from Epoxy Resin with Modified Epoxidized Natural Rubber and Nanocellulose or Nanosilica

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aunnuda Lanna ◽  
Montri Suklueng ◽  
Chainuson Kasagepongsan ◽  
Sunisa Suchat
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Accelerated Weathering ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Degradation Behaviour ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
The Impact

Performance of new engineered material from epoxy resins with modified epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and nanofillers were investigated. ENR from renewable natural crop resources is a type of green material with potential to partially substitute or replace and toughen petrochemical-based polymers. Nanocomposites (epoxy resin/ENR/fillers nanoparticles) were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscope (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Comparison of characterized and mechanical properties of nanofiller reinforced with both nanocellulose and nanosilica were studied. The nanocomposites were characterized for their mechanical properties (e.g., impact strength, tensile strength) and thermal degradation behaviour by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Mechanical property investigation results show that, the impact strength of nanocomposites, can be improved by blending in ENR 50 mixed with nanofiller, relative to the baseline nanocomposite mixers. The nanofiller loading in epoxy composite showed the highest improvement in mechanical properties at 0.75 phr (parts per hundred of resin). Effects of accelerated weathering aging were evaluated, and the observed changes were larger with nanosilica than with nanocellulose filler. Here, the accelerated aging increase in tensile properties was found to be 10% after 14 days in both nanofillers, while the other mechanical properties did not change significantly. These nanocomposites are expected to have high wear rates limiting their service life.

Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties of Wheat Husk Pulp Rein Forced Epoxy Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 114-125
Author(s):  
Kanwal Jit Singh ◽  
Rohit Kumar ◽  
Ramratan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Universal Testing Machine ◽  
Universal Testing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Wheat Husk

The wheat husk pulp epoxy resin composites were prepared by compression Molding Method and their physical and Mechanical Properties were studied by universal testing Machine. The composites were tested by tensile strength testing and impact strength tester. The content of Wheat husk pulp is varied (35%, 45%, 55%) weight percentage whereas the epoxy resin is varied (50%, 40%, 30%) percentage is kept constant 15% in hardener. Composites have been fabricated using hand layup technique using a suitable mold developed in industry. All the sample have been tested in Universal testing machine as per ASTM standard for tensile strength and impact strength it is observed that composite with 35% wheat husk pulp is having highest tensile strength of 4mm (4.29MPa) and 8mm (6.31Mpa). The impact strength of Composite with 35% wheat husk pulp was highest than 35%to 45% wheat husk pulp.

scholarly journals Synergetic Effects of Silver Nanowires and Graphene Oxide on Thermal Conductivity of Epoxy Composites

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Wenfeng Zhu ◽  
Ying Huang ◽  
Shuhua Qi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Phonon Transport ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Hybrid Fillers ◽  
Interfacial Contact ◽  
The Impact

One-dimensional silver nanowires (AgNWs) and two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) were combined to construct a three-dimensional network structure. The AgNWs can effectively inhibit stacking of adjacent GO sheets by occupying regions between layers of GO. Moreover, the GO sheets embedded in the gaps of the AgNWs network increase the interfacial contact area between the AgNWs and the epoxy matrix, resulting in the formation of more efficient phonon transport channels. To prepare an epoxy-based thermal conductive composite, hybrid networks were fabricated and added to epoxy resin using a solution mixing method. Significant synergistic effects were observed between the AgNWs and GO sheets. The thermal conductivity of epoxy composites filled with 10 wt.% AgNW/GO hybrids was found to be 1.2 W/mK and the impact strength was 28.85 KJ/m2, which are higher than the corresponding values of composites containing AgNWs or GO sheets alone. Thus, the thermal conductivity and impact strength of the epoxy composites were improved. The additive effects are mainly owing to the improved interfacial contact between the hybrid fillers and the epoxy resin, resulting in a more efficient phonon transport network. The use of hybrid fillers with different structures is a simple and scalable strategy for manufacturing high-performance thermally conductive materials for electronic packaging.

A novel recycled polyethylene terephthalate/polyamide 11 (rPET/PA11) thermoplastic blend

2021 ◽  
pp. 147776062110010
Author(s):  
Zahid Iqbal Khan ◽  
Zurina Binti Mohamad ◽  
Abdul Razak Bin Rahmat ◽  
Unsia Habib ◽  
Nur Amira Sahirah Binti Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Polyamide 11 ◽  
Recycled Polyethylene ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
The Impact

This work explores a novel blend of recycled polyethylene terephthalate/polyamide 11 (rPET/PA11). The blend of rPET/PA11 was introduced to enhance the mechanical properties of rPET at various ratios. The work’s main advantage was to utilize rPET in thermoplastic form for various applications. Three different ratios, i.e. 10, 20 and 30 wt.% of PA11 blend samples, were prepared using a twin-screw extruder and injection moulding machine. The mechanical properties were examined in terms of tensile, flexural and impact strength. The tensile strength of rPET was improved more than 50%, while the increase in tensile strain was observed 42.5% with the addition of 20 wt.% of PA11. The improved properties of the blend were also confirmed by the flexural strength of the blends. The flexural strength was increased from 27.9 MPa to 48 MPa with the addition of 30 wt.% PA11. The flexural strain of rPET was found to be 1.1%. However, with the addition of 10, 20 and 30 wt.% of PA11, the flexural strain was noticed as 1.7, 2.1, and 3.9% respectively. The impact strength of rPET/PA11 at 20 wt.% PA11 was upsurged from 110.53 to 147.12 J/m. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed a dispersed PA11 domain in a continuous rPET matrix morphology of the blends. This work practical implication would lead to utilization of rPET in automobile, packaging, and various industries.

Effect of toughened polyamide-coated carbon fiber fabric on the mechanical performance and fracture toughness of CFRP

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832199945
Author(s):  
Jong H Eun ◽  
Bo K Choi ◽  
Sun M Sung ◽  
Min S Kim ◽  
Joon S Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Internal Damage ◽  
Impact Tests ◽  
Flexural Tests ◽  
The Impact

In this study, carbon/epoxy composites were manufactured by coating with a polyamide at different weight percentages (5 wt.%, 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, and 20 wt.%) to improve their impact resistance and fracture toughness. The chemical reaction between the polyamide and epoxy resin were examined by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The mechanical properties and fracture toughness of the carbon/epoxy composites were analyzed. The mechanical properties of the carbon/epoxy composites, such as transverse flexural tests, longitudinal flexural tests, and impact tests, were investigated. After the impact tests, an ultrasonic C-scan was performed to reveal the internal damage area. The interlaminar fracture toughness of the carbon/epoxy composites was measured using a mode I test. The critical energy release rates were increased by 77% compared to the virgin carbon/epoxy composites. The surface morphology of the fractured surface was observed. The toughening mechanism of the carbon/epoxy composites was suggested based on the confirmed experimental data.

scholarly journals Effect of Secondary Carbon Nanofillers on the Electrical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Conductive Hybrid Composites Based on Epoxy Resin and Graphite

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4169
Author(s):  
Marcel Zambrzycki ◽  
Krystian Sokolowski ◽  
Maciej Gubernat ◽  
Aneta Fraczek-Szczypta
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Carbon Nanofillers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Secondary Carbon

In this work, we present a comparative study of the impact of secondary carbon nanofillers on the electrical and thermal conductivity, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of hybrid conductive polymer composites (CPC) based on high loadings of synthetic graphite and epoxy resin. Two different carbon nanofillers were chosen for the investigation—low-cost multi-layered graphene nanoplatelets (GN) and carbon black (CB), which were aimed at improving the overall performance of composites. The samples were obtained by a simple, inexpensive, and effective compression molding technique, and were investigated by the means of, i.a., scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, electrical conductivity measurements, laser flash analysis, and thermogravimetry. The tests performed revealed that, due to the exceptional electronic transport properties of GN, its relatively low specific surface area, good aspect ratio, and nanometric sizes of particles, a notable improvement in the overall characteristics of the composites (best results for 4 wt % of GN; σ = 266.7 S cm−1; λ = 40.6 W mK−1; fl. strength = 40.1 MPa). In turn, the addition of CB resulted in a limited improvement in mechanical properties, and a deterioration in electrical and thermal properties, mainly due to the too high specific surface area of this nanofiller. The results obtained were compared with US Department of Energy recommendations regarding properties of materials for bipolar plates in fuel cells. As shown, the materials developed significantly exceed the recommended values of the majority of the most important parameters, indicating high potential application of the composites obtained.

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