Crystal-Chemical and Thermal Properties of Decorative Cement Composites

The advanced tendencies in building materials development are related to the design of cement composites with a reduced amount of Portland cement, contributing to reduced CO2 emissions, sustainable development of used non-renewal raw materials, and decreased energy consumption. This work deals with water cured for 28 and 120 days cement composites: Sample A—reference (white Portland cement + sand + water); Sample B—white Portland cement + marble powder + water; and Sample C white Portland cement + marble powder + polycarboxylate-based water reducer + water. By powder X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy, the redistribution of CO32−, SO42−, SiO44−, AlO45−, and OH− (as O-H bond in structural OH− anions and O-H bond belonging to crystal bonded water molecules) from raw minerals to newly formed minerals have been studied, and the scheme of samples hydration has been defined. By thermal analysis, the ranges of the sample’s decomposition mechanisms were distinct: dehydration, dehydroxylation, decarbonation, and desulphuration. Using mass spectroscopic analysis of evolving gases during thermal analysis, the reaction mechanism of samples thermal decomposition has been determined. These results have both practical (architecture and construction) and fundamental (study of archaeological artifacts as ancient mortars) applications.

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The Influence of Cement Substitution by Biomass Fly Ash on the Polymer–Cement Composites Properties

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14113079 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 3079

Author(s):

Beata Jaworska ◽

Dominika Stańczak ◽

Joanna Tarańska ◽

Jerzy Jaworski

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Building Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Biomass Combustion ◽

Cement Composites ◽

Cement Mortars ◽

Mineral Additive ◽

Biomass Fly Ash

The generation of energy for the needs of the population is currently a problem. In consideration of that, the biomass combustion process has started to be implemented as a new source of energy. The dynamic increase in the use of biomass for energy generation also resulted in the formation of waste in the form of fly ash. This paper presents an efficient way to manage this troublesome material in the polymer–cement composites (PCC), which have investigated to a lesser extent. The research outlined in this article consists of the characterization of biomass fly ash (BFA) as well as PCC containing this waste. The characteristics of PCC with BFA after 3, 7, 14, and 28 days of curing were analyzed. Our main findings are that biomass fly ash is suitable as a mineral additive in polymer–cement composites. The most interesting result is that the addition of biomass fly ash did not affect the rheological properties of the polymer–cement mortars, but it especially influenced its compressive strength. Most importantly, our findings can help prevent this byproduct from being placed in landfills, prevent the mining of new raw materials, and promote the manufacture of durable building materials.

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The Roman Ceramics of Salobrena (Granada-Spain) and their Raw Materials

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-267-627 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 267 ◽

Author(s):

Ana M De Andres ◽

Isabel MuÑOZ

Keyword(s):

Thermal Analysis ◽

Differential Thermal Analysis ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Third Century ◽

Western Coast ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

The Third ◽

Good Number ◽

Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTNineteen roman ceramic sherds found near Salobreña (Granada, Spain), in the western coast of the Mediterranean Sea, as well as different ceramic clays from the surroundingsare studied. Both clays and ceramic sherds are characterizad by X-ray diffraction and spectrometry, differential thermal analysis, and scanning electron and optical microscopies. A good number of the ceramic pieces, among which some “Terrae Sigillatae”, have a composition similar to that of the local clays and, thus, have been probably manufactured at Salobreña. Only a few of them have a foreign origin. For most of them, the firing temperature was about 800-850 °C, although some have been produced at 900-1000 °C, and some others at 1000-1100 °C. It is concluded that Salobreña appearsto have been an important settlement just in the third century of the Christian era.

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Physicochemical Properties of Handere Clays and Their Use as a Building Material

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2015/374245 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yasin Erdoğan

Keyword(s):

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Building Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Volcanic Glass ◽

Mineralogical Composition ◽

Matter Content ◽

Loss On Ignition ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Clay Deposits

Handere clay deposits were discovered at Adana in Turkey. These clay units primarily consist of uncoloured claystone, pebbly sandstone, sandstone, siltstone, and mudstone marl and include gypsum lenses and clay levels of various thicknesses in places. The physicochemical properties of these clays have been investigated by different techniques including Scanning Electron and Elemental Analysis (SEM and EDS), mineralogical analyses, chemical and physical analyses, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), and Atterberg (Consistency) Limits Test. The mineralogical composition deduced from XRD is wide (smectite + palygorskite + illite ± feldspar ± chlorite ± quartz ± calcite ± serpentine) due to the high smectite contents (≈85%). SEM studies reveal that smectite minerals are composed of irregular platy leaves and show honeycomb pattern in the form of wavy leaves in places. The leaves presenting an array with surface edge contact are usually concentrated in the dissolution voids and fractures of volcanic glass. Organic matter content and loss on ignition analysis of raw materials are good for all the studied samples. In summary, Handere clays can be used as building materials in bricks, roof tiles, and cement and as a binder.

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Investigation of Thermal Insulation Materials Based on Easy Renewable Row Materials from Agriculture

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.1412 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 335-336 ◽

pp. 1412-1417 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jiri Zach ◽

Jitka Peterková ◽

Vít Petranek ◽

Jana Kosíková ◽

Azra Korjenic

Keyword(s):

Thermal Insulation ◽

Building Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Building Construction ◽

Materials Development ◽

Insulation Materials ◽

Thermal Insulating ◽

Plastic Materials ◽

Energy Consuming ◽

Rock Wool

Production of building materials is mostly energy consuming. In the sphere of insulation materials we mostly see rock wool based materials or foam-plastic materials whose production process is demanding from material aspect and raw materials aspect as well. At present the demand for thermal insulation materials has been growing globally. The thermal insulation materials form integral part of all constructions in civil engineering. The materials mainly fulfill the thermal insulating functions and also the sound-insulating one. The majority of thermal insulation materials are able to fulfill both of the functions simultaneously. The paper describes questions of thermal insulation materials development with good sound properties based on natural fibres that represent a quickly renewable source of raw materials coming from agriculture. The main advantage of the materials are mainly the local availability and simple renewability of the raw materials. In addition an easy recycling of the materials after their service life end in the building construction and last but not least also the connection of human friendly properties of organic materials with advanced product manufacture qualities of modern insulation materials.

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ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE IN THE FORM OF CERAMIC CHIPS CRUSHING DROPOUTS ON THE MAIN PROPERTIES OF CEMENT COMPOSITES

Construction Materials and Products ◽

10.34031/2618-7183-2021-4-1-27-34 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 27-34

Author(s):

S-A.Yu. Murtazaev ◽

A. Uspanova ◽

M. Hadzhiev ◽

V. Hadisov

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Environmental Problem ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Housing Stock ◽

Cement Composites ◽

Optimal Composition ◽

Ceramic Brick ◽

Concrete Mixtures ◽

Technogenic Raw Materials

during the implementation of the program to restore the housing stock of the Chechen Republic, as well as during the planned demolition of dilapidated housing, significant volumes of technogenic raw materials were generated, in particular, large volumes of brick and concrete scrap. Enterprises for the production of building materials and products also produce significant volumes of production defects, which accumulate over the years at landfills. Ceramic broken brick and broken brick dropouts are used to fill the roadbed, and the main part still goes to the dump and landfill, which is also an environmental problem. One of the promising ways to use dropouts and broken brick itself is to use them as secondary aggregates in concrete and mortars. This article discusses the issues of improving the quality of ceramic concrete mixtures, choosing the optimal composition and technology for mixing concrete mixtures using dust fractions of dropouts for crushing ceramic brick bricks

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Effects of Calcination Conditions on the Formation and Hydration Performance of High-Alite White Portland Cement Clinker

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13030494 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 494 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lei Huang ◽

Geling Cheng ◽

Shaowen Huang

Keyword(s):

Portland Cement ◽

Mineral Composition ◽

Sintering Temperature ◽

Cement Clinker ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Free Lime ◽

Sintering Time ◽

Portland Cement Clinker ◽

White Portland Cement

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sintering temperature and sintering time on mineral composition of high-alite white Portland cement clinker and hydration activity of the clinker. Effects of sintering temperature and sintering time on clinker mineral composition, C3S polymorph and size and hydration heat release rate were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry&Thermogravimetric Analysis (DSC-TG) and isothermal heat-conduction calorimetry. Results shown that, with the increase of sintering temperature (1450–1525 °C) and sintering time (60–240 min), free lime (f-CaO) in clinker decreased, C3S grain size increased, and C3S crystal type changed from T3 to M type and R type, which exhibits higher symmetry. The hydration activity of different C3S crystals ranged from high to low as follows: T3→M1→M3→R@.

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Statistical Study of the Effect of the Composition on the Strength of Supersulphated Cements

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2013.1124 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1612 ◽

Author(s):

Y.B. Castillo-Sánchez ◽

J.M. Almanza-Robles ◽

J.I. Escalante-García

Keyword(s):

Portland Cement ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Reaction Products ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Wide Range ◽

Dense Matrices ◽

Alkaline Activator ◽

Furnace Slag ◽

Effect Of The Composition

ABSTRACTSupersulphated cements (SSC) are environmentally friendly binders that incorporate several raw materials, including byproducts. A systematic study was considered opportune considering the wide range of formulations found in the literature. The effect of the type and proportioning of components in the strength of SC was investigated using the Taguchi method to optimize the experimental work and to define the optimal conditions. The factors were: [A] %blast furnace slag (82.5-90%), [B] CaSO4 - alkaline activator ratio (1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3 and 0:1), [C] type of CaSO4 (5 types) and [D] type of alkaline activator (portland cement, Ca(OH)2, KOH and NaCO3 and 2 combinations of these). Pastes were prepared and characterized for up to 28 days at 20°C. In general, for all values of [A] the best strength was for levels of [C] at 3:1, followed by the 1:1 and 1:0 ratios. The optimal conditions using the 28 day strength consisted of [A]= 82.5%, [B]= 3:1, [C]= flyorgypsum and [D] = portland cement, which developed excellent strength from day one and 35MPa. X-ray diffraction showed ettringite and C-S-H formation from the early ages. The microstructures showed dense matrices of reaction products well bonded to partially reacted slag grains, which in some cases showed rims of hydration products.

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Preparation and Properties of Sintering Brick from Iron Tailings

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.1023 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 512-515 ◽

pp. 1023-1027

Author(s):

Ran Fang Zuo ◽

Gao Xiang Du ◽

Le Fu Mei ◽

Wei Juan Guo ◽

Jing Hui Liao

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Thermal Analysis ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Loss On Ignition ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Freeze Thaw ◽

Scanning Electron

The main objective of this paper was to investigate the addition of iron tailing sintering brick production, in the presence of clay, coal refuses and bentonite. Mixtures containing raw materials of sintering brick and iron tailings were prepared at different proportions (up to 55 wt %), fired at 980°C. Freeze/thaw durability, drying and firing shrinkages were investigated as well as the loss on ignition, bulk density and compressive strength of the fired samples. Their mechanical and microstructure properties were also investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA/TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that compressive strengths of the brick samples are higher than that required by the standards MU15 of GB5101-2003, up to 21.79Mpa with 40% iron tailings corresponding to its higher bulk density completely. Moreover, the results showed that it has such advantages as no lime blowing, uniform color, good freeze/thaw resistance and slight universal frost.

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Utilization of Hydrolysis Lignin in Compositions Soil-Cements

Ecology and Industry of Russia ◽

10.18412/1816-0395-2019-11-32-37 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (11) ◽

pp. 32-37

Author(s):

N.A. Konovalova ◽

O.N. Dabizha ◽

P.P. Pankov ◽

E.A. Rush

Keyword(s):

Portland Cement ◽

Model Experiment ◽

Building Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Hydrolysis Lignin ◽

X Ray ◽

Road Building ◽

The Road ◽

Hydrolyzed Lignin ◽

Scanning Electron

The article investigated the compositions of road-building materials containing screenings of rock crushing, Portland cement, hydrolyzed lignin, modified by the stabilizing additive “Element”. The road-building compositions containing screenings of rock crushing, Portland cement, hydrolyzed lignin modified with the stabilizing additive "Element" were investigated. The optimal content of raw materials has been established, which allows to obtain soil-cements with a strength mark of at least M 60 - M 75. Using a model experiment, it was shown that the stabilizing additive “Element” is active and can interact with each of component of the raw materials. Using the methods of scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray phase analysis, it has been experimentally shown that the processes of hydration, carbonization and increasing the connectivity of orthosilicate anions play a significant role in the structure formation of soil-cements.

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Development of Fibre-Cement Composites with Self-Cleaning and de-NOx Ability

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1124.123 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1124 ◽

pp. 123-129

Author(s):

Martin Bohac ◽

René Čechmánek ◽

Theodor Staněk

Keyword(s):

Portland Cement ◽

Cement Composites ◽

Composite Binder ◽

Fibre Cement ◽

Thin Walled ◽

Self Cleaning ◽

White Portland Cement

Paper deals with development of face architectural fibre-cement composites based on white Portland cement with addition of photoactive TiO2. Tests were carried on composite binder and then on the composites. The role of TiO2 on performance of materials was monitored. Selected composites were tested on self-cleaning ability, de-NOx activity and resistance to weathering in outdoor conditions. Two series of thin-walled products based on developed composites were prepared with self-cleaning ability and de-NOx activity.

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