scholarly journals Elucidating the Effect of Step Cooling Heat Treatment on the Properties of 2.25 Cr–1.0 Mo Steel Welded with a Combination of GMAW Techniques Incorporating Metal-Cored Wires

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6033
Author(s):  
Subhash Das ◽  
Jay Vora ◽  
Vivek Patel ◽  
Joel Anderrson ◽  
Danil Yurievich Pimenov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Weld Joint ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Temper Embrittlement ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Toughness Testing ◽  
Ductile To Brittle Transition ◽  
Cored Wires ◽  
The Impact

The prospect of using metal-cored wires instead of solid wires during gas metal arc welding (GMAW) of 2.25 Cr–1.0 Mo steels embraces several challenges. The in-service requirements for the equipment made up of these steels are stringent. The major challenge faced by the manufacturers is temper embrittlement. In the current study, the temper embrittlement susceptibility of the welded joint was ascertained by subjecting it to step cooling heat treatment. A 25 mm thick 2.25 Cr–1.0 Mo weld joint was prepared using a combination of the regulated metal deposition (RMD) and GMAW processes incorporating metal-cored wires. After welding the plates were exposed to post-weld heat treatment followed by a rigorous step cooling heat treatment prescribed by API standards. The temper embrittlement susceptibility of the weld joint was ascertained by Bruscato X-factor as well as by formulating ductile-to-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) curves by carrying out the impact toughness testing at various temperatures. Detailed microscopy and hardness studies were also carried out. It was established from the study that the X-factor value for the welded joint was 15.4. The DBTT for the weld joint was found to occur at −37 °C which was well below 10 °C. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy indicated the presence of carbides and the energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry studies indicated the presence of chromium and manganese-rich carbides along with the presence of sulfur near the grain boundaries. This study establishes a base for the usage of metal-cored wires particularly in high temperature and pressure application of Cr–Mo steels.

scholarly journals Pulse spray gas metal arc welding of advanced high strength S650MC automotive steel

10.30544/682 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-517
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar Srivastava ◽  
Pradip K Patra
Keyword(s):  
Weld Joint ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Filler Wire ◽  
Advanced High Strength Steels ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
The Impact

With an increasing demand for safer and greener vehicles, mild steel and high strength steel are being replaced by much stronger advanced high strength steels of thinner gauges. However, the welding process of advanced high strength steels is not developed at the same pace. The performance of these welded automotive structural components depends largely on the external and internal quality of weldment. Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is one of the most common methods used in the automotive industry to join car body parts of dissimilar high strength steels. It is also recognized for its versatility and speed. In this work, after a review of GMAW process and issues in welding of advanced high strength steels, a welding experiment is carried out with varying heat input by using spray and pulse-spray transfer GMAW method with filler wires of three different strength levels. The experiment results, including macro-microstructure, mechanical properties, and microhardness of weld samples, are investigated in detail. Very good weldability of S650MC is demonstrated through the weld joint efficiency > 90%; no crack in bending of weld joints, or fracture of tensile test sample within weld joint or heat affected zone (HAZ), or softening of the HAZ. Pulse spray is superior because of thinner HAZ width and finer microstructure on account of lower heat input. The impact of filler wire strength on weldability is insignificant. However, high strength filler wire (ER100SG) may be chosen as per standard welding practice of matching strength.

Effect of Different Filler Towards Welding of AA6061 Al Alloy by X-Ray CT Scan

2010 ◽  
Vol 146-147 ◽  
pp. 1402-1405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Che Lah Nur Azida ◽  
Azman Jalar ◽  
Norinsan Kamil Othman ◽  
Nasrizal Mohd Rashdi ◽  
Md Zaukah Ibel
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Butt Joint ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Joint Quality ◽  
Filler Metals

AA6061 Aluminum alloy welded joint using two different filler metals were studied by using X-ray CT-Scan. The filler metals ER 4043 and ER 5356 were used in this present work in order to investigate the effect of using different filler metals on the welded joint quality of AA 6061 aluminum alloy in welded zone microstructure. Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) technique and V grove butt joint with four layers and five passes welded joint were performed. From this investigation, it is found that AA6061 with ER 4043 showed less distribution of porosity compared to AA6061 with ER 5356 welded joint confirmed by X-ray Ct-Scan. The decreasing of porosities and presence of very fine grains in weld region area with ER 5356 compared to ER 4043 will be discussed in term of microstructure analysis.

Optimization of Argon Gas Metal Arc Welding Process Parameters with Regard to Tensile Strength for AISI 310 Stainless Steel Using Taguchi Technique

2022 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hanmant Virbhadra Shete ◽  
Sanket Dattatraya Gite
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Taguchi Technique ◽  
Argon Gas ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
310 Stainless Steel ◽  
Arc Welding Process

Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is the leading process in the development of arc welding process for higher productivity and quality. In this study, the effect of process parameters of argon gas welding on the strength of T type welded joint of AISI 310 stainless steel is analyzed. The Taguchi technique is used to develop the experimental matrix and tensile strength of the welded joint is measured using experimental method and finite element method. Optimization of input parameter is performed for the maximum tensile strength of welded joint using ANOVA. The results showed that welding speed is the most significant factor affecting the tensile strength followed by voltage in argon gas metal arc welding (AGMAW) process. Argon gas welding process performance with regard to the tensile strength is optimized at voltage: 18.5 V, wire feed speed: 63 m/min and welding speed: 0.36 m/min.

scholarly journals Influence of welding method on microstructural creation of welded joints  

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. S50-S56 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Čičo ◽  
D. Kalincová ◽  
M. Kotus
Keyword(s):  
Welded Joints ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Welding Method ◽  
Welding Technology ◽  
Metal Arc Welding

This paper is focused on the analysis of the welding technology influence on the microstructure production and quality of the welded joint. Steel of class STN 41 1375 was selected for the experiment, the samples were welded by arc welding including two methods: a manual one by coated electrode and gas metal arc welding method. Macro and microstructural analyses of the experimental welded joints confirmed that the welding parameters affected the welded joint structure in terms of the grain size and character of the structural phase.

scholarly journals Impact Toughness of Gas Metal Arc Welded HY-80 Steel Plate at Sub-zero Temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 269 ◽  
pp. 06003
Author(s):  
Herry Oktadinata ◽  
Winarto Winarto
Keyword(s):  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Weld Joint ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
High Strength Steel ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Coarse Grain ◽  
Fracture Appearance ◽  
The Impact

Various welding methods are widely applied in large fabrication of high strength steel. However, commonly the problem occurs where a coarse grain is formed near fusion zone causing reduce the impact toughness due to the weld joint become brittle. Ductility and toughness in a coarse grain heat affected zone (CGHAZ) is low due to the formation of coarsening grain size. The objective of this research is to investigate the microstructure evolution, impact toughness and fracture appearance at sub-zero temperatures of the high strength steel arc welded. The steel that used in this experiment is a HY-80 steel welded by gas metal arc welding (GMAW) with a mixture of argon and carbon dioxide (90%Ar and 10%CO2) and ER100S solid wire. Microstructure observation and Charpy V-notch (CVN) tests were performed on the weld joint which consist of base metal (BM), heat affected zone (HAZ), and weld metal (WM). The CVN tests on the HY-80 steel plate at various temperatures (20, -20, -60 and -80 °C) show impact toughness decrease when the test temperature decrease. The CVN tests on the HY-80 weld joint at a temperature of 80 °C show the lowest impact toughness was measured at WM (61 J) and followed fusion line-FL (101 J) with brittle fracture appearance.

Hexavalent Chromium Exposure Levels Resulting from Shipyard Welding

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 246-254
Author(s):  
Bhaskar Kura ◽  
Praveen Mookoni
Keyword(s):  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Task Group ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Flux Cored Arc Welding ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Welding Processes

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration is expected to reduce permissible exposure limits of hexavalent chromium from 100 ng/m3between 5 to 0.5 fig/m3. A Navy Industry Task Group study revealed that the impact of proposed regulations on the shipbuilding industry is significant. The estimated cost of compliance by the Navy facilities could be as much as $46 Million/year besides a one-time cost of about $22 Million. Also, the task group estimated that the cost of $9 Million. This paper presents the results of a study undertaken at the University of New Orleans in support of the Navy/Industry Task Group efforts. The study included assessments of Cr(VI) exposure levels for two specific welding processes and three welding scenarios. Airborne particulate matter was collected using personal samplers for two specific welding processes, Gas Metal Arc Welding and Flux-Cored Arc Welding. Two base metals, HY100 and DH36, were considered for Flux-Cored Arc Welding and one base metal, HY100, was considered for Gas Metal Arc Welding. The samples were analyzed for Cr(VI) using OSHA Method 215. Based on the data generated, it can be concluded that Gas Metal Arc Welding and Flux-Cored Arc Welding on HY100 steel result in 8-hr. worker exposures less than 0.5 fig/m3 in a laboratory type setting, though the same levels of exposure may be difficult to be achieved in the field. Flux-Cored Arc Welding on DH36 resulted in exposure above 0.5 ng/m3, again in laboratory type setting.

Cladding of Wear-Resistant Layers in Metallurgy and Engineering

2016 ◽  
Vol 862 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Ján Viňáš ◽  
Miroslav Greš ◽  
Tomáš Vaško
Keyword(s):  
Arc Welding ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Cored Wire ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Welding Processes ◽  
Cladding Layers

The paper presents the application of weld layers used in renovations of functional surfaces of components that are exposed to several tribodegradation factors in operation of metallurgical and engineering industries. Surfaces of selected components are renovated using arc welding processes, namely: (MMAW) Manual Metal Arc Welding, (SAW) Submerged Arc Welding methods, (GMAW) Gas metal arc welding and (FCAW) Flux cored wire metal arc welding without gas shield. Claddings were made always three-layered directly on the surfaces of renovated components using dedicated cladding machines in operations and laboratory conditions respectively. Their quality was assessed using non-destructive tests, namely (VT) visual testing by STN EN ISO 17637 and (UT) Ultrasonic testing STN EN ISO 11666. Within the destructive tests the quality of claddings was evaluated using the metallographic analysis conducted on a light microscope Olympus BX and electron microscope Jeol where the impact of mixing the weld metal as well as heat treatment after cladding on the final structure of claddings was observed. Using the Shimadzu HMV 2 device the microhardness of cladding layers was evaluated on metallographic samples by STN EN ISO 9015-2. In laboratory conditions the resistance of cladding layers to abrasive wear was verified on the device Di-1. Experimental testing of the claddings confirmed that the selected additives and cladding parameters witting individual technology were chosen correctly as in cladding layers no presence of internal defects was observed.

Texture in Welded Industrial Aluminum

2014 ◽  
Vol 563 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Zakaria Boumerzoug ◽  
Nedjma Chérifi ◽  
Thierry Baudin
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Epitaxial Growth ◽  
Texture Component ◽  
Weld Joint ◽  
Grain Orientation ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
The Other ◽  
Isothermal Heat Treatment ◽  
Electron Back Scattered Diffraction ◽  
Industrial Aluminum

In this investigation, grain orientation has been studied in an industrial aluminium Al99.5 which has been welded by TIG process. The optical microscopy and EBSD (Electron Back Scattered Diffraction) were the main techniques used to illustrate the effect of welding on grain orientation in fusion zone and in heat affected zone. Epitaxial growth has been observed in weld joint and texture of each zone has been determined. On the other hand, the effect of isothermal heat treatment at 400 °C on homogenization of welded joint has been also studied. It was shown that the cube orientation {001}<100> is the dominant texture component in welded joint before or after heat treatments.

scholarly journals Modus Pelunakan dan Pengerasan HAZ pada Manual GMAW Welded Joint

ROTASI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Yurianto Yurianto ◽  
Pratikto Pratikto ◽  
Rudy Soenoko ◽  
Wahyono Suprapto
Keyword(s):  
Arc Welding ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Welding Procedure

Las manual gas metal arc welding banyak digunakan dalam industri manufaktur konvensional. Akhir proses pengelasan menghasilkan produk las yang diinginkan. Pada baja dengan tebal dan jenis yang sama, dan metode pengelasan yang sama tetapi operator berbeda menghasilkan kekuatan las yang berbeda. Keseragaman produk las antara satu dan operator lain dapat diperoleh dengan welding procedure specification. Namun prosedur ini tidak menjamin kekuatan sambungan sama meskipun operator berbeda. Kekuatan daerah terpengaruh panas tergantung pada parameter las yang digunakan seperti diameter elektroda; arus listrik; tegangan listrik, kecepatan pengelasan; logam tebal dan panas masuk. Selain itu, perlu dipertimbangkan unsur kimia baja yang dilas. Parameter pengelasan akan mempengaruhi dimensi daerah terpengaruh panas. Semakin lebar daerah terpengaruh panas akan menurunkan kekuatan sambungan las. Pernyataan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah "bagaimana menurunkan dimensi daerah terpengaruh panas yang dipengaruhi oleh proses pembekuan logam las." State of the art dari penelitian ini adalah analisis pelunakan daerah terpengaruh panas dengan melibatkan pembekuan logam las. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari penyebab terjadinya pelunakan dalam daerah terpengaruh panas sambungan las gas metal arc welding manual. Hasil penelitian adalah kekerasan standard dan heat treated welded joint. Parameter perlakuan panas untuk mendapatkan kekerasan HAZ tertinggi.

Evaluation on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Welded Joints by GMAW in UNS N10003 Alloy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Yu ◽  
Zhenguo Jiang ◽  
Xianwu Shi ◽  
Chaowen Li ◽  
Shuangjian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Gas Tungsten Arc ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Thorium Molten Salt Reactor

UNS N10003 alloy is a primary material of the Thorium Molten Salt Reactor (TMSR) in China that is a suitable candidate reactor of the Generation IV nuclear reactors. Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is more effective than gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) which is usually used to weld nickel-base alloys. In order to improve welding efficiency, it is necessary to weld nickel-base alloys using GMAW. The purpose of this work is to evaluate effect of GMAW on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties in UNS N10003 alloy. The results of microstructure showed that the sound welded joint without hot cracking can be obtained, although quantities of M6C-γ eutectic phases with large size were precipitated in fusion zone (FZ) and transformed in heat affected zone (HAZ) because of element segregation. The results of microhardness test indicated that there was no softened zone in the welded joint. The results of tensile test at room temperature and high temperature showed that the short-term time-independent strength was not damaged by the formation of large M6C-γ eutectic phases.

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