scholarly journals Surface Phenomena at the Interface between Silicon Carbide and Iron Alloy

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 6762
Author(s):  
Mirosław Cholewa ◽  
Tomasz Wróbel ◽  
Czesław Baron ◽  
Marcin Morys
Keyword(s):  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Iron Alloy ◽  
Contact Boundary ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Surface Phenomena ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
The Matrix

The paper discusses a potential composite produced using the casting method, where the matrix is gray cast iron with flake graphite. The reinforcement is provided by granular carborundum (β-SiC). The article presents model studies aimed at identifying the phenomena at the contact boundary resulting from the interaction of the liquid matrix with solid reinforcement particles. The scope of the research included, primarily, the metallographic analysis of the microstructure of the resulting composite, carried out by using light (LOM) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The occurrence of metallic phases in the boundary zone was indicated, the contents and morphology of which can be optimized in order to achieve favorable functional properties, mainly the tribological properties of the composite. In addition, the results obtained confirm the possibility of producing similar composites based on selected iron alloys.

Microstructure and Hardness of Cu-Zn-Si-Al-Sn Brasses with Antimony Addition

2013 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 179-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daranee Suksongkarm ◽  
Siriporn Rojananan ◽  
Surasit Rojananan
Keyword(s):  
Induction Furnace ◽  
Graphite Crucible ◽  
Beta Phase ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
Gamma Phase ◽  
Antimony Content ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Scanning Electron

The objective of this work is to study the effect of antimony on as-cast microstructures and hardness of dual phase brassed. The studied compositions consisted of 56Cu-(42-X)Zn-1Si-0.5Al-0.5Sn-(X)Sb with varied antimony content in the range of 0.5-2.0 wt%. The alloys were prepared by melting pure elements using an induction furnace in graphite crucible at the temperature about 1,200 °C. The chemical composition of each alloy has been analyzed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Microstructures of the as-cast ingots were investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy including the chemical analysis of the phase determined by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The obtained results suggested that the microstructures of as-cast ingots exhibited the beta-gamma dual phases. The beta phase was the matrix and the gamma phase extended along the grain boundary. The increase in antimony content increased the gamma phase and enhanced the hardness. Moreover, the antimony addition 2 wt% created the intermetallic compound (IMC) phase like a needle shape. The EDS analysis of IMC displayed 12.35 wt% antimony.

Development of Low Machining Cost Materials by Using Aluminum Borate

2006 ◽  
Vol 317-318 ◽  
pp. 335-338
Author(s):  
H. Takano ◽  
Takafumi Kusunose ◽  
Tohru Sekino ◽  
Rajagopalan Ramaseshan ◽  
Koichi Niihara
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Reaction Zone ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Aluminum Borate ◽  
Alloy Composite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
6061 Aluminum Alloy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Matrix

6061 aluminum alloy composite reinforced with α-alumina and aluminum borate is fabricated by casting method. The above mentioned composite has been compared to a similar composite without aluminum borate reinforcement for their machinability. The aluminum borate filler was controlled up to (2.5, 5.0 and 30vol %) on the surface of α-alumina. The reaction zone between alumina and the matrix in both the systems are analyzed with the help of TEM micrographs as well as X-ray diffraction profiles. At the reaction zone between alumina and the aluminum alloys, some spinel-like compounds (MgAl2O4) are identified. Finally, machinability was analyzed with the single point tool machining.

scholarly journals Análise das superfícies de saída e de folga de ferramentas de corte empregadas no torneamento de ferro fundido cinzento perlítico com diferentes adições de nióbio

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
Bárbara Cristina Mendanha Reis ◽  
Anderson Júnior Dos Santos ◽  
Natália Fernanda Santos Pereira ◽  
Denílson José do Carmo ◽  
Marcelo Araújo Câmara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Gray Cast Iron ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Iron Alloy ◽  
Composition Material ◽  
Metallic Material ◽  
Chip Breaker ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Composition Variation

Cast iron corresponds to the second most used metallic material worldwide. However, its production has shown reductions, mainly due to the development of lighter materials. In this sense, metallurgical efforts have been made to add elements to obtain different solid solutions that would lead to the improvement and guarantee of the diversity of this alloy. However, modifications of any kind to the properties of a material have an impact on its machinability. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the influence of the addition of niobium (0.21-0.24% by weight) in a pearlitic gray cast iron alloy (equivalent to the EN-GJL-250 class) on the wear of the tools of cemented carbide (class K20) during the turning. The wear on the rake and clearance surfaces was qualitatively evaluated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray dispersive energy spectroscopy (EDS). Together, the chemical composition variation occurred with the chip breaker geometry: tools with chip breaker (GH) or without chip breaker (Flat Top). All these variations were indifferent in relation to the wear of the tools and their mechanisms. Regardless of the chemical composition, material of the machined part was found adhered to both the rake surface and the clearance of all cutting tools. In addition, grooves were found in the flank, suggesting the abrasion mechanism.

Processing and Characterization of Hypoeutectic Functionally Graded Aluminum – SiC Metal Matrix Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 830-831 ◽  
pp. 456-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jayakumar ◽  
Jibin C. Jacob ◽  
T.P.D. Rajan ◽  
M.A. Joseph ◽  
B.C. Pai
Keyword(s):  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Centrifugal Casting ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Gradient Distribution ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
The Matrix

The present study describes the processing and characterization of hypoeutectic A319 functionally graded Aluminium metal matrix composite (FGMMC) reinforced with 10 weight percentage SiCp particles of 23 μm size. FGMMC’s are processed by liquid stir casting method followed by vertical centrifugal casting. Metallographic analysis of FGMMC casting reveals the influence of the centrifugal force on the gradation of various phases in the matrix and an increasing gradient distribution of SiC reinforcements gradually from inner towards the outer periphery forming different zones. Tensile and the compressive tests show that the variation in properties are structure sensitive and is confirmed by the dry wear tests. The study clearly depicts the gradient nature in the structure and mechanical properties of the FGM castings produced by centrifugal casting method.

Lateral resolution of the electron microbeam analysis

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 542-543
Author(s):  
H.J. Dudek
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Depth Resolution ◽  
Lateral Resolution ◽  
Cylindrical Particle ◽  
Correction Procedure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Microbeam Analysis ◽  
The Matrix

The chemical inhomogenities in modern materials such as fibers, phases and inclusions, often have diameters in the region of one micrometer. Using electron microbeam analysis for the determination of the element concentrations one has to know the smallest possible diameter of such regions for a given accuracy of the quantitative analysis.In th is paper the correction procedure for the quantitative electron microbeam analysis is extended to a spacial problem to determine the smallest possible measurements of a cylindrical particle P of high D (depth resolution) and diameter L (lateral resolution) embeded in a matrix M and which has to be analysed quantitative with the accuracy q. The mathematical accounts lead to the following form of the characteristic x-ray intens ity of the element i of a particle P embeded in the matrix M in relation to the intensity of a standard S

Analysis and lattice imaging of a transitional event on garnets

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
J.Y. Laval
Keyword(s):  
Yttrium Iron Garnet ◽  
Reciprocal Lattice ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Lattice Imaging ◽  
Yttrium Iron ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ionic Process ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
High Resolution Technique ◽  
Iron Garnet

The exsolution of magnetite from a substituted Yttrium Iron Garnet, containing an iron excess may lead to a transitional event. This event is characterized hy the formation of a transitional zone at the center of which the magnetite nucleates (Fig.1). Since there is a contrast between the matrix and these zones and since selected area diffraction does not show any difference between those zones and the matrix in the reciprocal lattice, it is of interest to analyze the structure of the transitional zones.By using simultaneously different techniques in electron microscopy, (oscillating crystal method microdiffraction and X-ray microanalysis)one may resolve the ionic process corresponding to the transitional event and image this event subsequently by high resolution technique.

Sem/X-Ray Applications to the Forensic Science Field

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 390-391
Author(s):  
K. Culbreth
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Surface Phenomena ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Forensic Evidence ◽  
Science Field ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hit And Run ◽  
Evaluation Of Evidence ◽  
Scanning Electron

The introduction of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis to forensic science has provided additional methods by which investigative evidence can be analyzed. The importance of evidence from the scene of a crime or from the personal belongings of a victim and suspect has resulted in the development and evaluation of SEM/x-ray analysis applications to various types of forensic evidence. The intent of this paper is to describe some of these applications and to relate their importance to the investigation of criminal cases.The depth of field and high resolution of the SEM are an asset to the evaluation of evidence with respect to surface phenomena and physical matches (1). Fig. 1 shows a Phillips screw which has been reconstructed after the head and shank were separated during a hit-and-run accident.

Phase identification in SiC whisker reinforced Al2O3-R2O3-based composites

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-153
Author(s):  
C.M. Sung ◽  
K.J. Ostreicher ◽  
M.L. Huckabee ◽  
S.T. Buljan
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Binary Oxides ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Second Phases ◽  
Convergent Beam

A series of binary oxides and SiC whisker reinforced composites both having a matrix composed of an α-(Al, R)2O3 solid solution (R: rare earth) have been studied by analytical electron microscopy (AEM). The mechanical properties of the composites as well as crystal structure, composition, and defects of both second phases and the matrix were investigated. The formation of various second phases, e.g. garnet, β-Alumina, or perovskite structures in the binary Al2O3-R2O3 and the ternary Al2O3-R2O3-SiC(w) systems are discussed.Sections of the materials having thicknesses of 100 μm - 300 μm were first diamond core drilled. The discs were then polished and dimpled. The final step was ion milling with Ar+ until breakthrough occurred. Samples prepared in this manner were then analyzed using the Philips EM400T AEM. The low-Z energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) data were obtained and correlated with convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) patterns to identify phase compositions and structures. The following EDXS parameters were maintained in the analyzed areas: accelerating voltage of 120 keV, sample tilt of 12° and 20% dead time.

Improving x-ray map resolution with image restoration techniques

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 598-599
Author(s):  
Richard B. Mott ◽  
John J. Friel ◽  
Charles G. Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Image Restoration ◽  
Hubble Space Telescope ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Small Object ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mapping Parameters ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Map Resolution

X-rays are emitted from a relatively large volume in bulk samples, limiting the smallest features which are visible in X-ray maps. Beam spreading also hampers attempts to make geometric measurements of features based on their boundaries in X-ray maps. This has prompted recent interest in using low voltages, and consequently mapping L or M lines, in order to minimize the blurring of the maps.An alternative strategy draws on the extensive work in image restoration (deblurring) developed in space science and astronomy since the 1960s. A recent example is the restoration of images from the Hubble Space Telescope prior to its new optics. Extensive literature exists on the theory of image restoration. The simplest case and its correspondence with X-ray mapping parameters is shown in Figures 1 and 2.Using pixels much smaller than the X-ray volume, a small object of differing composition from the matrix generates a broad, low response. This shape corresponds to the point spread function (PSF). The observed X-ray map can be modeled as an “ideal” map, with an X-ray volume of zero, convolved with the PSF. Figure 2a shows the 1-dimensional case of a line profile across a thin layer. Figure 2b shows an idealized noise-free profile which is then convolved with the PSF to give the blurred profile of Figure 2c.

The interaction of a manganese-oxidising bacterium as part of a biofilm growing on distribution pipe materials

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Murdoch ◽  
P.G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Pipe Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pseudomonas Spp ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Large Clusters ◽  
Pipe Materials ◽  
Confocal Laser Microscope

The deposition of manganese within a biofilm growing on the surface of high-density polyethlene (HDPE) and polyvinychloride (PVC) was studied over a period of four months. The manganese rich water used in the study was inoculated with a manganese oxidising Pseudomonas spp. The level of Mn2+ in the water was monitored and was found to decrease as the biofilm formation increased. This was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis which showed the detection of manganese was dependent on the presence of a biofilm. After two months a 100% removal of Mn2+ was observed in all the flasks inoculated by the Pseudomonas spp. and manganese micro-nodules, the formation of which were reported in Murdoch and Smith (1999), were being formed in large clusters across the surfaces of both the HDPE and PVC. The manganese peak area from the EDS spectrum analysis of the micro-nodules was significantly larger than was measured in the biofilm when these micro-nodules were absent. The scanning confocal laser microscope (SCLM) images of three-week samples showed high bacterial activity around areas where manganese micro-nodules were starting to form on the pipe surface.

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