scholarly journals Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and Fertilization: A Mini Review

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Zacharis ◽  
Christina Messini ◽  
George Anifandis ◽  
George Koukoulis ◽  
Maria Satra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papilloma Virus ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Human Fertility ◽  
The Impact

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is one of the most prevalent viral sexually transmitted diseases. The ability of HPV to induce malignancy in the anogenital tract and stomato-pharyngeal cavity is well documented. Moreover, HPV infection may also affect reproductive health and fertility. Although, the impact of HPV on female fertility has not been thoroughly studied it has been found also to have an impact on semen parameters. Relative information can be obtained from studies investigating the relationship between HPV and pregnancy success. Furthermore, there is an ongoing debate whether HPV alters the efficacy of assisted reproductive technologies. An association between HPV and assisted reproductive technologies (ART) programs has been reported. Nevertheless, due to conflicting data and the small number of existing studies further research is required. It remains to be clarified whether HPV detection and genotyping could be included in the diagnostic procedures in couples undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intrauterine insemination (IUI) treatments. Vaccination of both genders against HPV can reduce the prevalence of HPV infection and eliminate its implications on human fertility. The aim of the present mini-review is to reiterate the association between HPV and human fertility through a systematic literature review.

scholarly journals Human Papillomavirus Infection, Infertility, and Assisted Reproductive Outcomes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Pereira ◽  
Katherine M. Kucharczyk ◽  
Jaclyn L. Estes ◽  
Rachel S. Gerber ◽  
Jovana P. Lekovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Birth ◽  
Transmitted Infection

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection common among men and women across all geographic and socioeconomic subgroups worldwide. Recent evidence suggests that HPV infection may affect fertility and alter the efficacy of assisted reproductive technologies. In men, HPV infection can affect sperm parameters, specifically motility. HPV-infected sperm can transmit viral DNA to oocytes, which may be expressed in the developing blastocyst. HPV can increase trophoblastic apoptosis and reduce the endometrial implantation of trophoblastic cells, thus increasing the theoretical risk of miscarriage. Vertical transmission of HPV during pregnancy may be involved in the pathophysiology of preterm rupture of membranes and spontaneous preterm birth. In patients undergoing intrauterine insemination for idiopathic infertility, HPV infection confers a lower pregnancy rate. In contrast, the evidence regarding any detrimental impact of HPV infection on IVF outcomes is inconclusive. It has been suggested that vaccination could potentially counter HPV-related sperm impairment, trophoblastic apoptosis, and spontaneous miscarriages; however, these conclusions are based on in vitro studies rather than large-scale epidemiological studies. Improvement in the understanding of HPV sperm infection mechanisms and HPV transmission into the oocyte and developing blastocyst may help explain idiopathic causes of infertility and miscarriage.

scholarly journals Prognostic Influence of Tobacco Smoking on Human Papilloma Virus-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer is Dependent Upon Treatment Modality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun ITAMI ◽  
Kenya KOBAYASHI ◽  
Taisuke MORI ◽  
Yoshitaka HONMA ◽  
Yuko KUBO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Papilloma Virus ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Tnm Classification ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Single Institution ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Disease Specific

Abstract [Purpose] Tobacco smoking has been reported to influence the prognosis of human papilloma virus (HPV)-related orophageyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). However, it remains to be studied whether tobacco smoking equally affects the patients treated by various modalities. [Material and Method] From 2010 through 2018, 241 patients with OPSCC were treated in a single institution, out of which 144 patients had HPV-related OPSCC. P16 immunohistochemical staining was used as a surrogate of HPV infection. Two patients was excluded because of inadequate radiation dose, and the remaining　142 patients were the subject of this study. Median age was 63.8 years and more than 80% were male. More than 70% were smokers or ex-smokers with a median pack year of 17.3. Eighty-seven patients (61.3%) were classified as stage I.[Results] For all 142 patients with HPV-related OPSCC, overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were 87.0% and 93.4% in 3 years, respectively. There were no differences of OS and DSS according to the stages by 8th edition of tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) classification and the primary sites. OS and DSS were different by the amount of tobacco smoking expressed in pack year (PY) > 30 and < 30. Also the presence of secondary cancer impacted OS. However, the influence of the amount of tobacco smoking was reduced in the patients treated by radiation therapy. [Conclusions] The impact of tobacco smoking upon the prognosis of HPV-related OPSCC seems to be dependent upon therapeutic modalities.

scholarly journals Reproductive fluids, used for the in vitro production of pig embryos, result in healthy offspring and avoid aberrant placental expression of PEG3 and LUM.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelynne Paris-Oller ◽  
Sergio Navarro-Serna ◽  
Cristina Soriano-Úbeda ◽  
Jordana Sena Lopes ◽  
Carmen Matas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: In vitro embryo production (IVP) and embryo transfer (ET) are two very common assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in human and cattle. However, in pig, the combination of either procedures, or even their use separately, is still considered suboptimal due to the low efficiency of IVP plus the difficulty of performing ET in the long and contorted uterus of the sow. In addition, the potential impact of these two ART on the health of the offspring is unknown. We investigated here if the use of a modified IVP system, with natural reproductive fluids (RF) as supplements to the culture media, combined with a minimally invasive surgery to perform ET, affects the output of the own IVP system as well as the reproductive performance of the mother and placental molecular traits.Results: The blastocyst rates obtained by both in vitro systems, conventional (C-IVP) and modified (RF-IVP), were similar. Pregnancy and farrowing rates were also similar. However, when compared to in vivo control (artificial insemination, AI), litter sizes of both IVP groups were lower, while placental efficiency was higher in AI than in RF-IVP. Gene expression studies revealed aberrant expression levels for PEG3 and LUM in placental tissue for C-IVP group when compared to AI, but not for RF-IVP group.Conclusions: The use of reproductive fluids as additives for the culture media in pig IVP does not improve reproductive performance of recipient mothers but could mitigate the impact of artificial procedures in the offspring.

scholarly journals 1641. A Comparison of Human Papilloma Virus Infection Prevalence Trends Pre- and Post-HPV Vaccine Implementation

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S599-S599
Author(s):  
Patrick Ovie. Fueta ◽  
Onyema Greg Chido-Amajuoyi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus Infection ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States, with an annual incidence rate of approximately 14 million people. The HPV vaccine has been demonstrated to be highly effective in the prevention of HPV infection and HPV-associated diseases. This study aims to evaluate the impact of HPV vaccine on the prevalence of HPV infection in the United States and evaluate the trends of disease prevalence pre- and post-HPV vaccine implementation. Methods We conducted a secondary data analysis of the National Health and Education Survey (NHANES) for trends in HPV infection from 2003 to 2016. The analysis was grouped into a pre-HPV vaccine implementation (2003–2006) cohort including 4064 females, aged 18–59 years; and a post-HPV vaccine implementation (2007–2016) cohort which included 10718 females, aged 18–59 years. Further analysis of HPV infection prevalence, pre- and post-HPV vaccine implementation, stratified by sociodemographic characteristics were conducted. Results The prevalence of HPV infection prior to HPV vaccine implementation was 43.98% (95 CI 42.71%–46.58%) compared with 40.55% (95 C.I 40.55%–40.56%) in the post-HPV vaccine implementation era. Among females with HPV infections in the post-HPV vaccine implementation cohort 82.6 (95% CI 80.41%–83.42%) were unvaccinated. In both cohorts, black females had a significantly higher prevalence of HPV with a prevalence rate of 18.56% (95% CI 18.23%–20.56%) in the pre-HPV vaccine implementation cohort, and 15.61% (95% CI 14.82 – 19.4%) in the post-HPV vaccine implementation cohort. Females with less than high school education had a higher prevalence of HPV in the pre and post- HPV vaccine implementation cohorts with prevalence rates of 25.77% (95% CI 23.44%–28.72%) and 24.96% (95% CI 23.41%–25.67%), respectively. Conclusion The results suggest that HPV infection prevalence has declined since the implementation of HPV vaccine to US national immunization program. Our findings highlight disparities in HPV infection prevalence by race and educational status, and these patterns are in keeping with HPV-associated disease such as warts and HPV-associated cancers. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Assisted reproductive technologies: psychoneurological, moral-ethical, and socio-cultural aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
N. A. Tyuvina ◽  
A. O. Nikolaevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Surrogate Mother ◽  
Reproductive Process ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The paper provides a definition of sexual and reproductive health and infertility and also reflects modern ideas about ways to overcome infertility using assisted reproductive technologies, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) and surrogacy. It shows the specificity of the impact of an IVF procedure on the mental health of a potential mother. The features of the neonatal health status, as well as neuropsychiatric disorders in babies born using the IVF procedure are described. The authors present two types of surrogacy (traditional and gestational ones) and the features of their use in different countries according to governmental legislative regulation, socioeconomic and religious factors, and cultural traditions in society. They unveil the features of a psychological relationship between the mother (surrogate and presumed one) and the fetus. The consequences of surrogacy for a surrogate mother, genetic parents, and a child himself/herself are noted to be little studied. It is shown that the development of assisted reproductive technologies (IVF and surrogacy), on the one hand, helps fight infertility and, on the other hand, entails a number of problems (moral and ethical, legal, cultural and religious, socioeconomic, and neuropsychiatric ones) that need to be solved in order to prevent psychological, neurological, and mental abnormalities in all the participants (a surrogate mother, an unborn child, and potential parents) in the assisted reproductive process:

scholarly journals Infertility and the excruciating pursuit of motherhood

2021 ◽  
pp. 01-02
Author(s):  
Urmila G
Keyword(s):  
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Infertility Treatment ◽  
In Vitro Fertilisation ◽  
Natural Conception ◽  
Graphic Description

What’s a Lemon Squeezer Doing in My Vagina? is a memoir of Rohini S Rajagopal’s excruciating five-year long fight with infertility and her journey to motherhood. After several failed attempts at natural conception and many negative home pregnancy tests, the author and her husband Ranjith visit a fertility centre in Bangalore. Rajagopal delivers a graphic description of the physical and emotional unpleasantness of her infertility treatment and also gives a vivid account of her experiences with the assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) such as the intrauterine insemination (IUIs), in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) is facilitated by directly injecting a man’s sperm into the woman’s uterus around the time the eggs emerge from the ovaries.

scholarly journals Use of an oncology sperm bank: a Canadian experience

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Selk ◽  
Timea Belej-Rak ◽  
Heather Shapiro ◽  
Ellen Greenblatt
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Sperm Bank

Background: We performed a retrospective chart review in 2006to review oncology patients’ use of banked semen samples infertility treatments at a tertiary care centre.Methods: From 2002 to 2005, 367 oncology patients bankedsemen. During the same period, 31 patients used banked samplesin 48 treatment cycles. Samples were used for intrauterine insemination(IUI) in 28 cycles and for in vitro fertilization (IVF) withor without intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in 20 cycles.Results: Pregnancy rates per cycle were 21% for IUI and 50%for IVF with or without ICSI. Overall, 16 of the 31 couples achieveda pregnancy with assisted reproductive technologies (52%).Conclusion: This data indicates high pregnancy success rates withthe use of banked semen samples from men with cancer.Contexte : Une revue rétrospective de dossiers a été effectuée afind’examiner le recours à des échantillons de sperme provenantde patients cancéreux pour le traitement de l’infertilité dans uncentre de soins tertiaires.Méthodes : Entre 2002 et 2005, des échantillons de spermeprovenant d’un total de 367 patients atteints de cancer ont été misen banque. Durant la même période, 31 patientes ont utilisé ceséchantillons au cours de 48 cycles de traitement. Les échantillonsont été utilisés pour insémination intra-utérine (IIU) lors de28 cycles et pour fertilisation in vitro (FIV) avec ou sans injectionintracytoplasmique de sperme (ICSI) lors de 20 cycles.Résultats : Le taux de grossesse par cycle était de 21 % avecl’IIU et de 50 % pour la FIV avec ou sans ICSI. Au total, 16 des31 patientes sont devenues enceintes (52 %).Conclusion : Ces données montrent des taux élevés de grossesseobtenus par l’utilisation d’échantillons de sperme provenantd’hommes atteints de cancer.

scholarly journals Reproductive technologies, female infertility, and the risk of imprinting-related disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Fauque ◽  
Jacques De Mouzon ◽  
Aviva Devaux ◽  
Sylvie Epelboin ◽  
Marie-José Gervoise-Boyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Female Infertility ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Genomic Imprints

Abstract Background Epidemiological studies suggest that singletons born from assisted reproductive technologies (ART) have a high risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, specifically for imprinting disorders. Because ART processes take place at times when epigenetic reprogramming/imprinting are occurring, there is concern that ART can affect genomic imprints. However, little is currently known about the risk of imprinting defects according to the type of ART or the type of underlying female infertility. From the French national health database, a cohort of 3,501,495 singletons born over a 5-year period (2013–2017) following fresh embryo or frozen embryo transfers (fresh-ET or FET from in vitro fertilization), intrauterine insemination, or natural conception was followed up to early childhood. Based on clinical features, several syndromes/diseases involving imprinted genes were monitored. The effects of ART conception and the underlying cause of female infertility were assessed. Results Compared with infants conceived naturally, children born after fresh-ET had a higher prevalence of imprinting-related diseases, with an aOR of 1.43 [95% CI 1.13–1.81, p = 0.003]. Namely, we observed an increased risk of neonatal diabetes mellitus (1.96 aOR [95% CI 1.43–2.70], p < 0.001). There was an overall independent increase in risk of imprinting diseases for children with mothers diagnosed with endometriosis (1.38 aOR [95% CI 1.06–1.80], p = 0.02). Young and advanced maternal age, primiparity, obesity, smoking, and history of high blood pressure or diabetes were also associated with high global risk. Conclusions This prospective epidemiological study showed that the risk of clinically diagnosed imprinting-related diseases is increased in children conceived after fresh embryo transfers or from mothers with endometriosis. The increased perturbations in genomic imprinting could be caused by controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and potentially endometriosis through the impairment of endometrial receptivity and placentation, leading to epigenetic feto-placental changes. Further studies are now needed to improve understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms (i.e. genetic or epigenetic causes).

scholarly journals The Debate About the Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine: The Impact of an Evidence-Based Communicative Method on Increasing Free Choice

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 989-995
Author(s):  
Mimar Ramis-Salas
Keyword(s):  
Human Papilloma Virus ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Hpv Vaccine ◽  
Life Stories ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
The Impact

Democratic access to scientific evidence contributes to the freedom of individuals to make informed decisions regarding scientific findings that affect their lives. In the case of the human papilloma virus (HPV), which causes cervical cancer, a debate exists regarding preventing HPV infection that is not supported by evidence-based interventions. For instance, there are positions both in favor of and against an HPV vaccine that are not evidence-based, thus preventing women from deciding freely whether to be vaccinated. Based on a communicative approach, this article describes the use of communicative focus groups and communicative daily life stories in which the researcher shares up-to-date information on HPV prevention, particularly through vaccination and screening, with high-schoolgirls in an urban context in Spain. Through the focus groups and daily life stories, the young women evaluated the impact of evidence-based dialogues, which could increase their opportunities to make free choices regarding the HPV vaccine and other medicines.

scholarly journals Culture Medium and Sex Drive Epigenetic Reprogramming in Preimplantation Bovine Embryos

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6426
Author(s):  
Sebastian Canovas ◽  
Elena Ivanova ◽  
Meriem Hamdi ◽  
Fernando Perez-Sanz ◽  
Dimitrios Rizos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Global Methylation ◽  
The Impact

Assisted reproductive technologies impact transcriptome and epigenome of embryos and can result in long-term phenotypic consequences. Whole-genome DNA methylation profiles from individual bovine blastocysts in vivo- and in vitro-derived (using three sources of protein: reproductive fluids, blood serum and bovine serum albumin) were generated. The impact of in vitro culture on DNA methylation was analyzed, and sex-specific methylation differences at blastocyst stage were uncovered. In vivo embryos showed the highest levels of methylation (29.5%), close to those produced in vitro with serum, whilst embryos produced in vitro with reproductive fluids or albumin showed less global methylation (25–25.4%). During repetitive element analysis, the serum group was the most affected. DNA methylation differences between in vivo and in vitro groups were more frequent in the first intron than in CpGi in promoters. Moreover, hierarchical cluster analysis showed that sex produced a stronger bias in the results than embryo origin. For each group, distance between male and female embryos varied, with in vivo blastocyst showing a lesser distance. Between the sexually dimorphic methylated tiles, which were biased to X-chromosome, critical factors for reproduction, developmental process, cell proliferation and DNA methylation machinery were included. These results support the idea that blastocysts show sexually-dimorphic DNA methylation patterns, and the known picture about the blastocyst methylome should be reconsidered.

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