scholarly journals Management of a Patient with Tuberous Sclerosis with Urological Clinical Manifestations

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Vlad Padureanu ◽  
Octavian Dragoescu ◽  
Victor Emanuel Stoenescu ◽  
Rodica Padureanu ◽  
Ionica Pirici ◽  
...  

The tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is highly variable as far as its clinical presentation is concerned. For the implementation of appropriate medical surveillance and treatment, an accurate diagnosis is compulsory. TSC may affect the heart, skin, kidneys, central nervous system (epileptic seizures and nodular intracranial tumors—tubers), bones, eyes, lungs, blood vessels and the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this paper is to report renal manifestations as first clinical signs suggestive of TSC diagnosis. A 20-year-old patient was initially investigated for hematuria, dysuria and colicky pain in the left lumbar region. The ultrasound examination of the kidney showed bilateral hyperechogenic kidney structures and pyelocalyceal dilatation, both suggestive of bilateral obstructive lithiasis, complicated by uretero-hydronephrosis. The computer tomography (CT) scan of the kidney showed irregular kidney margins layout, undifferentiated images between cortical and medullar structures, with non-homogenous round components, suggestive of kidney angiomyolipomas, bilateral renal cortical retention cysts, images of a calculous component in the right middle calyceal branches and a smaller one on the left side. The clinical manifestations and imaging findings (skull and abdominal and pelvis CT scans) sustained the diagnosis.

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 32-34
Author(s):  
Ağaşirin Aydın oğlu Rüstəmov ◽  
◽  
Fatma Fatma Oruc qızı Rəcəbova7............ ◽  

For the diagnosis and differentiation of chronic cholesistoxolangiitis from the diseases of the biliary system, 20 patients used modern instrumental and laboratory methods. In these methods, excision cholesistorentgenography, retrograde cholangiography, high frequency ultrasound examination, and cholesterol in the blood, manometric tonometry. In the objective examination, patients were disturbed by the pain on the right side of the neck, on the right side of the breast and in the right rib. Dyspeptic symptoms such as lower appetite, nausea, vomiting, and meteorism have been discovered. Dietotherapy, spasmolitics, antibiotics, gallbladder and physiotherapy have also been used in the treatment. Thus, based on the results of our examination, it is recommended that they be used in early diagnosis of chronic cholesistoxolangitis. Key words: cholangiocholecystitis, gallbladder, symptoms, clinical, diagnosis


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing-Yan Ren ◽  
Yi Guo ◽  
Jing Han ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Zai-Wang Li

Introduction: Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, a serious neurological autoimmune disorder caused by autoantibodies with diverse clinical manifestations, may simultaneously onset with antimyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) demyelination after recurrent central nervous system (CNS) demyelination.Case Report: We present a case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis combining with anti-MOG CNS demyelination following recurrent CNS demyelination. A 38-year-old man admitted to hospital developed epileptic seizures following recurrent episodes of cross-sensory disturbance and dizziness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a demyelinating lesion in the right brainstem initially. Despite a good response to methylprednisolone pulse therapy at the beginning, the patient still had relapses and progression after corticosteroid reduction or withdrawal. Then brain MRI discovered new serpentine lesions involving extensive cerebral cortex on his second relapse. Repeat autoantibodies test indicated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NMDAR antibodies coexisted with MOG-Abs simultaneously, suggesting the diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis with anti-MOG CNS demyelination.Results: After a definite diagnosis, the patient was treated with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and corticosteroid. He was discharged after his symptoms ameliorated. No neurological sequels remained, and there were no effects on his activities of daily living after 6 months of immunoregulatory therapy of MMF and corticosteroid.Conclusion: For individuals with recurrent CNS demyelination, especially combining with cortical encephalitis, repeated detection of autoantibodies against AE, and demyelination in CSF/serum can be helpful to enable a definite early diagnosis. For patients who suffer from anti-NMDAR encephalitis combining with anti-MOG CNS demyelination, second-line immunotherapy is recommended when first-line treatment such as steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) and plasma exchange has been proven ineffective to prevent the relapse of disease.


2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ligia de Arruda Mistieri ◽  
Susane Werle Dill ◽  
Carine Rampelotto ◽  
Etiele Maldonado Gomes ◽  
João Paulo da Exaltação Pascon ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT: Dioctophyme renale is a parasite of the nematode class that can infect various species, including humans and dogs. Usually, the parasite migrates to the right kidney of the definitive host. Although, aberrant migrations have been previously reported, they mainly occur without clinical manifestations. No reports of dyspnea secondary to D. renale infestation has been found in the reported literature. The aim of this paper is to report intense respiratory distress caused by the presence of the parasite in the thoracic cavity of a dog. Radiographic images revealed multiple circular structures with a cavity with a radiopaque, thick contour in the thorax, which raised the suspicion of pulmonary bullae. Ultrasound examination revealed nematode infestation in the right kidney, scrotum, and thoracic cavity. Subsequently, right nephrectomy, orchiectomy and trans-sternal thoracotomy were performed to remove the parasites. The patient exhibited recovery after the procedures.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Chowdhury ◽  
A. Saleque ◽  
N. K. Sood ◽  
L. D. Singla

Neurocysticercosis is a serious endemic zoonosis resulting in increased cases of seizure and epilepsy in humans. The genesis of clinical manifestations of the disease through experimental animal models is poorly exploited. The monkeys may prove useful for the purpose due to their behavior and cognitive responses mimicking man. In this study, neurocysticercosis was induced in two rhesus monkeys each with 12,000 and 6,000 eggs, whereas three monkeys were given placebo. The monkeys given higher dose developed hyperexcitability, epileptic seizures, muscular tremors, digital cramps at 10 DPI, and finally paralysis of limbs, followed by death on 67 DPI, whereas the monkeys given lower dose showed delayed and milder clinical signs. On necropsy, all the infected monkeys showed numerous cysticerci in the brain. Histopathologically, heavily infected monkeys revealed liquefactive necrosis and formation of irregular cystic cavities lined by atrophied parenchymal septa with remnants of neuropil of the cerebrum. In contrast, the monkeys infected with lower dose showed formation of typical foreign body granulomas characterized by central liquefaction surrounded by chronic inflammatory response. It was concluded that the inflammatory and immune response exerted by the host against cysticerci, in turn, led to histopathological lesions and the resultant clinical signs thereof.


2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-659
Author(s):  
Delia Lacasta ◽  
Luís M. Ferrer ◽  
Juan J. Ramos ◽  
Pablo Gómez Ochoa

A four-year-old ram was presented with a conspicuous hemilateral scrotal enlargement that was noticed four weeks before. Based on the history, clinical signs, palpation, trans-scrotal ultrasonography and semen collection, a left scrotal hernia was diagnosed. Ultrasonographic examination showed a presumably omental fat scrotal hernia with an atrophic left testis and varicocele, and the presence of two sperm cysts could be observed in the right epididymal tail. The testis appeared as a homogeneous and moderately echogenic structure and it was possible to distinguish atrophy of the left testis that was covered by a hyperechoic area, presumably omental fat, within the hernial sac. In addition, on ultrasound examination non-echogenic tortuous areas were present and diagnosed as varicocele. Post mortem examination confirmed gross lesions identified ultrasonographically. The libido of the ram was normal but the semen showed total azoospermia. Ultrasound imaging can be used as a diagnostic technique to confirm the diagnosis of scrotal hernia, varicocele, sperm cyst and testis mineralization.


2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Zaiden ◽  
Gabriel Lopes Germano ◽  
Antônio Carlos Severino Neto ◽  
Reiner Silveira De Moraes ◽  
João Marcelo Carvalho Do Carmo ◽  
...  

Background: Hydronephrosis is the dilation of the pelvis and renal calyxes due to post-renal obstruction. The obstruction is often associated with extraluminal masses, blood clots and ureter ligation in castration procedures. Ureter ligation is reported as a malpractice. The renal function is reestablished if ligation is rapidly undone, but not for obstructions longer than four weeks. Often, clinical signs are results from months to years after the castration, when nephrectomy is the best therapeutic option. This paper aims to report a case of asymptomatic unilateral hydronephrosis in a 10-year-old dog caused by chronic ureter occlusion with Nylon 3.0 suture during an elective procedure.Case: A 10-year-old female pinscher dog, spayed 3 years ago was admitted at the Surgery Department of the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Jataí (HV-UFJ). The animal was taken for periodontal treatment. In the physical and laboratory examination (complete blood count, hepatic and renal biochemical tests) no significant and noteworthy alterations were found. Ultrasonographic examination showed no changes in the topography and echotexture of the left kidney, however the right kidney was not visualized, with an anechoic structure suggestive of advanced and severe hydronephrosis. Therefore, exploratory laparotomy was proposed to identify the observed structure, with the periodontal treatment considered for a later time. So, a retroumbilical incision was made, followed by linea alba and the removal of simple isolated suture remaining from previous surgical procedure. In the cavity, the viscera were isolated and the left kidney was identified, observing preserved anatomy. On the other hand, the right kidney had altered topography and morphology, being exposed after release of adhesions in adjacent structures. The right renal artery and vein were dissected and a double ligature was made. Then, the right ureter was dissected, observing marked dilatation in the proximal portion and the presence of local ligation with Nylon 3.0. Right ureterectomy and right nephrectomy were performed. After nephrectomy, the capsule was ruptured, observing dark fluid in it and absence of tissue compatible with renal parenchyma. The material was preserved in 10% formaldehyde and sent for histopathological examination. Histopathology revealed risk of rupture of the renal capsule due to the advance of renal degeneration and complete absence of parenchyma. However, contrary to the severity of the histopathological, surgical and ultrasonographic findings, the patient did not present clinical signs at the time of diagnosis.Discussion: In the intraoperative evaluation, the cause of the hydronephrosis was verified to be in fact the ligation of the ureter, which may have been accidental or due to the malpractice of the veterinarian surgeon. Other possible causes such as adhesions and granulomas were ruled out because the Nylon 3.0 suture was found in the proximal portion of the right ureter. It is believed that the patient may have presented clinical signs of hydronephrosis that may have been confused by the tutors as postoperative complications, changes that if identified and performed in time, could have avoided the occurrence or worsening of hydronephrosis and subsequent nephrectomy. Clinically, the bitch did not show clinical signs presented in the literature as consistent with hydronephrosis such as polyuria, polydipsia, abdominalgia, external fistula and anorexia. Therefore, it is believed that this case is one of the first reports of the occurrence of severe hydronephrosis without typical clinical manifestations of hydronephrosis. This fact raises a warning about the thorough monitoring in the postoperative period by owners and veterinarians, in addition to highlighting concerns regarding the occurrence of medical malpractice versus surgical accidents. Keywords: castration, malpractice, nephrectomy, nylon.


2021 ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
V. V. Tsukanov ◽  
E. G. Gorchilova ◽  
J. L. Tonkikh ◽  
A. V. Vasyutin ◽  
O. S. Rzhavicheva ◽  
...  

Introduction. The  course of  opisthorchiasis is accompanied by clinically diverse symptoms and severe complications up to the development of cholangiocarcinoma. The role of oxidative stress in the development of liver fibrosis is not well understood. Aim. To determine the association of clinical manifestations and indicators of oxidative stress in the blood with liver fibrosis in patients with Opisthorchis felineus invasion.Materials and methods. We examined 103 patients with chronic opisthorchiasis and 51 practically healthy patients. All patients underwent general clinical examinations, esophagogastroduodenoscopy and ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs, elastometry to assess liver fibrosis using the METAVIR system, and the content of malondialdehyde, catalase and superoxide dismutase in blood serum was determined by the immunoassay method.Results and discussion. Asthenic-vegetative syndrome, pain in the right hypochondrium, articular syndrome, cytolytic and cholestatic syndromes, hepatomegaly and signs of  chronic cholecystitis were more often detected in  patients with invasion of  Opisthorchis felineus and liver fibrosis F3-F4  according to METAVIR. The  content of  malondialdehyde in  the  blood was 296.5 ng/ml in patients with liver fibrosis F3-F4 according to METAVIR and 69.5 ng/ml in patients with liver fibrosis F0-F1 according to METAVIR (p < 0.001). The content of superoxide dismutase and catalase did not differ significantly in the groups of patients with liver fibrosis F0-F1  according to METAVIR and F3-F4  according to METAVIR, which indicated insufficient effectiveness of antioxidant protection.Conclusion. The revealed changes indicate the presence in patients with opisthorchiasis of a pronounced association between the severity of the clinical course, the development of biochemical cytolysis syndromes and the severity of liver fibrosis and oxidative stress, which may be a promoter of inflammation, cell DNA damage and carcinogenesis. 


2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Zając ◽  
M. Szczepanik ◽  
P. Wilkołek ◽  
Ł. Adamek ◽  
Z. Pomorski

Abstract Atopic dermatitis is a common allergic skin disease in dogs. Monitoring the progress of treatment and the assessment of the severity of disease symptoms are crucial elements of the treatment procedure. One of the common means of assessing the severity of the clinical signs of the disease is the CADESI 03. Research studies have pointed to a possibility of assessing the severity of skin lesions by means of measuring biophysical skin parameters such as TEWL, skin hydration and erythema intensity. The aim of the study was the assessment of changes in TEWL and CADESI values measured in ten different body regions during non-specific anti-pruritus treatment. The examination was performed on ten dogs with atopic dermatitis (age from 2.5 years to 7 years, mean age 3.8 years). The measurements were performed in the following body regions: the lumbar region, the right axillary fossa, the right inguinal region, the ventral abdominal region, the right lateral thorax region, the internal surface of the auricle, interdigital region of the right forelimb, cheek, bridge of nose and the lateral site of antebrachum. A statistically significant decrease in CADESI values was reported starting from the second week of treatment. In the case of the mean TEWL values, a fall was observed after one week of treatment in the ventral abdominal region and the interdigital region, after two weeks of treatment in the axillary fossa and the inguinal region, and after three weeks in the cheek and the lateral thorax region. There was no statistically significant decrease in TEWL values in the course of treatment in four other regions.


2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ala Birca ◽  
Claude Mercier ◽  
Philippe Major

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is associated with the potential development of benign hamartomas, including subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGAs). Intracranial hypertension can be caused by SEGAs due to their propensity to block the foramen of Monro. The traditional management approach is to monitor SEGAs with periodic neuroimaging and to resect those that exhibit serial growth and/or cause clinical signs of intracranial hypertension. Recent observations suggest that rapamycin therapy may induce partial regression of SEGAs, therefore providing a potential alternative to resection. The authors present the case of an 8-year-old girl with bilateral SEGAs that led to progressive hydrocephaly and incipient signs of papilledema. Three months after initiating rapamycin therapy, the SEGAs exhibited significant reduction in size (82.6% on the left and 46.7% on the right), and the lesions remained stable 5 months later. Compared with previous case reports, similar or even greater antitumor efficacy was achieved with much lower trough levels of rapamycin (10–15 compared with 3.3–4.5 ng/ml, respectively). The authors discuss various aspects of rapamycin therapy and address unresolved issues that highlight the need for further prospective clinical trials.


Author(s):  
Дмитрий Валериевич Судаков ◽  
Олег Валериевич Судаков ◽  
Евгений Владимирович Белов ◽  
Наталья Владимировна Якушева ◽  
Оксана Анатольевна Тюрина

Статья посвящена анализу особенностей клинико-соноскопических показателей острого аппендицита (ОА) у молодежи. Тематика является актуальной, так как в декабре 2020 года, правительством РФ были изменены возрастные рамки понятия «молодежь» - увеличены с 30 до 35 лет. Особенностью работы стало использование УЗИ - методик в комплексной диагностике ОА, которые в настоящее время не являются обязательными в стандарте обследования пациентов с подозрением на ОА. Данная работа стала результатом попытки выявить основные клинико-соноскопические симптомы ОА у молодежи, которые могли бы своевременно помочь с адекватной дифференциальной диагностикой в будущем и возможно «лечь» в основу будущего стандарта обследования. Объектами исследования послужило 150 пациентов, мужчин и женщин, в возрасте от 18 до 35 лет, мужчин (n=71) и женщин (n=59). Все больные были разделены на 3 группы по 50 человек. В 1 группу вошли больные, поступающие с жалобами на боли различного характера в области живота, которым впоследствии не был установлен диагноз ОА. 2 группу составили пациенты, которым выполняли общее УЗИ обследование органов брюшной полости и у которых впоследствии был подтвержден диагноз ОА. В 3 группу вошли пациенты, которым отдельно выполняли УЗИ правой подвздошной области и у которых впоследствии также подтверждался диагноз ОА. Основой исследования стал подробный анализ жалоб (клинических проявлений) пациентов, изучение их температуры тела и локализации боли. Так, у пациентов с ОА наиболее частой локализацией стала правая подвздошная область, а температура редко превышала 37,5 С. В дальнейшем, в работе был проведен комплексный анализ ОАК и Б/Х крови. Было установлено, что у пациентов с ОА наиболее значимо определялись изменения «маркеров» воспалительного процесса - лейкоцитоз, СОЭ, нейтрофильный сдвиг влево; изменения биохимии наоборот-были свойственны пациентам 1 группы - без ОА. Интересной особенностью стало выявление сопутствующих хронических заболеваний. Отмечалось, что с повышением возраста «молодежи» выявлялся и рост числа различных заболеваний. В завершении исследования проводилось изучение данных УЗИ-симптомов, которые были разделены на прямые и косвенные. Статья интересна практикующим врачам - хирургам и УЗИ-диагностам The article is devoted to the analysis of the features of the clinical and sonoscopic indicators of acute appenicitis (OA) in young people. The topic is relevant, since in December 2020, the government of the Russian Federation changed the age range of the concept of "youth" - increased from 30 to 35 years. A feature of the work was the use of ultrasound - techniques in the complex diagnosis of OA, which are currently not mandatory in the standard of examination of patients with suspected OA. This work was the result of an attempt to identify the main clinical and sonoscopic symptoms of OA in young people, which could promptly help with adequate differential diagnosis in the future and possibly "form" the basis of the future examination standard. The objects of the study were 150 patients, men and women, aged 18 to 35 years, men (n = 71) and women (n = 59). All patients were divided into 3 groups of 50 people each. Group 1 consisted of patients admitted with complaints of pains of various nature in the abdominal region, who were not subsequently diagnosed with OA. Group 2 consisted of patients who underwent a general ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs and in whom the diagnosis of OA was subsequently confirmed. Group 3 included patients who underwent a separate ultrasound examination of the right iliac region and who subsequently also had a diagnosis of OA. The study was based on a detailed analysis of complaints (clinical manifestations) of patients, the study of their body temperature and localization of pain. Thus, in patients with OA, the most frequent localization was the right iliac region, and the temperature rarely exceeded 37.5 C. Later, a comprehensive analysis of the OAC and B / C blood was carried out in the work. It was found that in patients with OA, the most significant changes in the "markers" of the inflammatory process were determined - leukocytosis, ESR, neutrophilic shift to the left; changes in biochemistry, on the contrary, were characteristic of patients of group 1 - without OA. An interesting feature was the identification of concomitant chronic diseases. It was noted that with an increase in the age of the "youth", an increase in the number of various diseases was also revealed. At the end of the study, we studied the data of ultrasound symptoms, which were divided into direct and indirect. The article is interesting for practicing doctors - surgeons and ultrasound diagnostics


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