scholarly journals OXYFINES Technique for Upgrading Zinc Containing Blast Furnace Sludge—Part 1: Pilot Trials

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Lundkvist ◽  
Sara Rosendahl ◽  
Fredrik Nyman ◽  
Kristofer Bölke ◽  
Lennart Gustavsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Blast Furnace Sludge ◽  
Pilot Trials ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Iron Forms

In the Swedish steel industry, much work is put on further increasing the recycling and use of residual materials. However, blast furnace sludge is one residual which currently, despite its valuable contents of iron and carbon, is put on landfill or long-term storage due to its zinc content. Linde has developed the OXYFINES technique which is suitable for upgrading of fine particulate and zinc containing materials. The material is fed to the OXYFINES burner whereby its zinc content is vaporised to a generated dust phase whereas other non-gasifiable contents, such as iron, forms an oxidic sinter phase in the bottom of the reactor. The technique has proven a high degree of zinc separation, is relatively flexible and straightforward, and does not require sludge pre-treatment such as drying. Pilot set-up and trials, using the OXYFINES technique, were performed at Swerim’s research facility. In the trials, the effects from altering different process parameters were tested aiming to develop an optimal concept for upgrading the blast furnace sludge. The pilot trials’ results showed the required process settings to attain a high degree of zinc separation from the sludge, and to generate an iron oxide product, suitable for straightforward charging to the steelmaking process.

Investigation of the effectiveness of source control sanitation concepts including pre-treatment with Rottebehaelter

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.R. Gajurel ◽  
Z. Li ◽  
R. Otterpohl
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Solid Material ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Intermediate Result ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Faecal Material ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Term Storage

High levels of nutrients recovery can be achieved with source control sanitation - technologies are already available. Separation toilets for example separate urine that can be used in agriculture with some crop restrictions as a fertiliser after about 6 months of storage. The grey water has very low loads of nitrogen and can be treated in different combinations of biological and physical treatment and reused. Faecal matter with flush water from the separation toilet can be discharged into Rottebehaelter (an underground pre-composting tank) that retains solid material and drains liquid to a certain extent. Investigation of Rottebehaelter in the different sites and laboratory experiments showed that retained faecal material still contained a high percentage of water. However, odour was not noticed in those Rottebehaelters that have been examined. One of the major advantages of this system over other forms of pre-treatment as the septic tanks is that it does not deprive agriculture of the valuable nutrients and soil conditioner from human excreta. It has to be stated that maintenance is a crucial factor. As an intermediate result of the intensive research of Rottebehaelter it seems that these systems are rather a way of solids retaining, de-watering and long-term storage before the contents are further treated.

scholarly journals Scientific support for innovative development of wheat bread long-term storage production

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 03021
Author(s):  
Natalia Zavorokhina ◽  
Natalia Pankratyeva ◽  
Nadezhda Goncharova
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Innovative Development ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
High Degree ◽  
First Time ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Acid Esters

Nowadays in the context of innovative development the bread intended for long-term storage is necessary in hard-to-reach areas of Sverdlovsk region, participants of expeditions, workers of logging, geological parties, etc. Taking into account the constant demand for such products, it is necessary to develop new approaches to their creation.The aim of the study was the development of long-term storage bread from wheat flour, preserving consumer characteristics throughout the shelf life.The synergism of betulin,nisin and ascorbic acid was studied for the first time when they are used together to inhibit potato bread disease (hereinafter CBH). It is proved that the use of additives, including 0.015% nisin together with 0.005% betulin to the mass of flour increases the shelf life of wheat bread up to 7 days since betulin inhibits CBH, nisin inhibits the development of mold under pH conditions in the range of 5.5-6.5.For the first time, a technique is proposed for producing betulin nanosuspension with a high degree of dispersion. The effect of betulin nanosuspension with emulsifiers of calcium lactylate, polyglycerol fatty acid esters, lecithin on the inhibition of CBH and an increase in the shelf life of wheat bread was studied.

The Defect Microstructure and Element Composition in Denuded Zones of Stainless Steels Irradiated in BN-350 Nuclear Reactor

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (21-22) ◽  
pp. 1209-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Rofman ◽  
Kira V. Tsay ◽  
Oleg P. Maksimkin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Polycrystalline Materials ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Induced Defects

ABSTRACTIt is known that microstructure of metallic polycrystalline materials irradiated with neutrons is often characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity in distribution of radiation-induced defects. Depleted zones are located along grain boundaries and their width is not only determined by irradiation temperature and damage dose, but also by migration of point defects and dislocations integrity, that makes it more difficult to interpret experimental results of this phenomenon. At present, denuded zones are still objects for investigation as they influence both operation characteristics of reactor materials and their safe long-term storage. In this work, denuded zones in hexagonal ducts of spent fuel assemblies constructed from 0.08C-16Cr-11Ni-3Mo and 0.12C-18Cr-10Ni-Ti stainless steels from BN-350 fast nuclear reactor were investigated by TEM. There were determined some irradiation parameters affecting the development of denuded zones and their width; void size distributions in near-grain boundary regions are presented. There was shown redistribution of alloying elements at grain boundaries using Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).

scholarly journals An experimental study of the CO2 hydrates production for the long term storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 345 ◽  
pp. 00011
Author(s):  
Ondřej Bartoš ◽  
Matěj Hrnčíř
Keyword(s):  
Gas Hydrates ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Transformation Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Term Storage

An aim of the paper is to show recent data obtained from a new experimental set-up build for the production of the CO2 gas hydrates. The purpose of the experimental set-up is to analyse the practical aspects of the transformation gaseous CO2 to the hydrates. The deserving effort to decrease impacts of the global warming is containing the more questionable attempt to capture the CO2 produced within the electricity production and to avoid a releasing to the atmosphere. The storage in the form of the gas hydrates present an alternative way to more known technologies involved in the projects of CCS (Carbon Capture and Storage). The production of the gas hydrate is observed in the set-up with simultaneously acquired data of state condition close to the phase boundary. The presented work has two goals, first is the estimation of the transformation efficiency of the CO2 to the hydrates in compare with the theory and second goal is obtaining of the data for new CO2 hydrates production set-up with liquid circulation and possibility to separate pure hydrate. The experimental analysis of the gas hydrates production process can help to estimate the practical aspects of the hydrates production for a possibility of CO2 storage in this form.

scholarly journals Assessing the efficiency of a “buried wall” barrier in the establishment of near-surface long-term storage and disposal facilities for RW

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
V. V. Suskin ◽  
◽  
I. V. Kapyrin ◽  
F. V. Grigorev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Surface ◽  
Transfer Processes ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Mass Transfer Processes ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Storage

The article evaluates the impact of a “buried wall” barrier on the long-term safety during the long-term storage1 or in-situ disposal of nuclear legacy facilities, in particular, industrial reservoirs, as well as during the development of near-surface disposal facilities for radioactive waste (RWDF). For assessment purposes, filtration and mass transfer processes have been numerically modelled in the GeRa code based on a case study of a reference near-surface facility. The study explores in which way the available covering screen affects the dynamics of contaminant spread. It evaluates the sensitivity of the results to the dispersion parameter commonly characterized by a high degree of uncertainty.

scholarly journals Changes in the zinc content in the meadow sward under conditions of a long-term static fertilizer experiment (Czarny Potok)

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 410-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kopeć
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Mountain Meadow ◽  
P Content ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Soil Zn ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Changes in the zinc content in the meadow sward were studied in a long-term fertiliser experiment set up on a mountain meadow (20°54’E, 49°24’N) in 1968. The experiment is localized at 720 meters above sea level on the soil which belongs to Dystric Cambisols and comprises 8 fertiliser treatments in two series: 0Ca and + Ca (Table 1). In the course of the experiment the Zn content in the sward decreased and the time factor was of greater consequence than fertilization, P content in the sward or soil and acidification. In mountain meadow communities shaped by a long-term (over 30 years) NPK treatment and at yields between 6.7 and 7.1 t/ha the annual quantity of absorbed Zn ranged between 233 and 256 g Zn/ha dry weight. During the experimental period the biggest amount of Zn removed with the sward yield exceeded 500 g Zn/ha annually. In the limed series at slightly bigger yields the quantity of Zn removed with the yield was over 10% lower in objects receiving NPK fertilization than on the same treatments in the unlimed series. Liming is able to reduce soil Zn abundance.

Effect of ozone or carbon dioxide pre-treatment during long-term storage of organic table grapes with modified atmosphere packaging

LWT ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 170-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naouel Admane ◽  
Francesco Genovese ◽  
Giuseppe Altieri ◽  
Antonella Tauriello ◽  
Antonio Trani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Modified Atmosphere Packaging ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Table Grapes ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Term Storage

Microwires of nickel, cobalt and copper-based alloys characterized by high level of temperature and time stability

2019 ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
B. V. Farmakovsky
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Time Stability ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Nickel Cobalt ◽  
Glass Insulation ◽  
Temperature Hardening ◽  
High Level ◽  
High Degree

The results of investigations of temperature and time stability of cast microwires in glass insulation from resistive alloys of nickel–chrome, cobalt–chromium and copper–nickel systems are presented. It is established that microwires from the investigated alloys retain their temperature stability at temperatures not lower than 350°C. An investigation of the time stability showed that changes in the electrical resistance during long-term storage of microwires (up to 1 year) do not occur in warehouse conditions, and despite the high degree of nonequilibrium of alloys during high-temperature hardening of the melt, relaxation phenomena are not observed. Consequently, the investigated microwires from alloys based on nickel, cobalt and copper are a very promising material for manufacturing thermostable resistive elements for precision instrumentation.

EELS characterization of “Smut” layer films on steel surface prepared for chrome plating by anodic etching

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 538-539
Author(s):  
E Y. Wang ◽  
J. T. Cherian ◽  
A. Madsen ◽  
R. M. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Steel Surface ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Chrome Plating ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Hard Chrome ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Many steel parts are electro-plated with chromium to protect them against corrosion and to improve their wear-resistance. Good adhesion of the chrome plate to the steel surface, which is essential for long term durability of the part, is extremely dependent on surface preparation prior to plating. Recently, McDonnell Douglas developed a new pre-treatment method for chrome plating in which the steel is anodically etched in a sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid solution. On carbon steel surfaces, this anodic pre-treatment produces a dark, loosely adhering material that is commonly called the “smut” layer. On stainless steels and nickel alloys, the surface is only darkened by the anodic pre-treatment and little residue is produced. Anodic pre-treatment prior to hard chrome plating results in much better adherence to both carbon and alloy steels.We have characterized the anodic pre-treated steel surface and the resulting “smut” layer using various techniques including electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) on bulk samples and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) on stripped films.

Preparation And elemental analysis of ancient fibers

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 410-411
Author(s):  
Allen Angel ◽  
Kathryn A. Jakes
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Backscattered Electron ◽  
Electron Imaging

Fabrics recovered from archaeological sites often are so badly degraded that fiber identification based on physical morphology is difficult. Although diagenetic changes may be viewed as destructive to factors necessary for the discernment of fiber information, changes occurring during any stage of a fiber's lifetime leave a record within the fiber's chemical and physical structure. These alterations may offer valuable clues to understanding the conditions of the fiber's growth, fiber preparation and fabric processing technology and conditions of burial or long term storage (1).Energy dispersive spectrometry has been reported to be suitable for determination of mordant treatment on historic fibers (2,3) and has been used to characterize metal wrapping of combination yarns (4,5). In this study, a technique is developed which provides fractured cross sections of fibers for x-ray analysis and elemental mapping. In addition, backscattered electron imaging (BSI) and energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDS) are utilized to correlate elements to their distribution in fibers.

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