scholarly journals Comprehensive Literature Review of Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 MRI: The Road to Clinical Application

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Michael Vaeggemose ◽  
Rolf F. Schulte ◽  
Christoffer Laustsen
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Metabolic Imaging ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Current State ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
The Status

This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the development of hyperpolarized (HP) carbon-13 metabolic MRI from the early days to the present with a focus on clinical applications. The status and upcoming challenges of translating HP carbon-13 into clinical application are reviewed, along with the complexity, technical advancements, and future directions. The road to clinical application is discussed regarding clinical needs and technological advancements, highlighting the most recent successes of metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI. Given the current state of hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI, the conclusion of this review is that the workflow for hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI is the limiting factor.

scholarly journals The Hyperloop System and Stakeholders: A Review and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8430
Author(s):  
Lambros Mitropoulos ◽  
Annie Kortsari ◽  
Alexandros Koliatos ◽  
Georgia Ayfantopoulou
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Online Search ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Transport Mode ◽  
High Speeds ◽  
Current State ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Holistic Assessment ◽  
The Eu

The hyperloop is an innovative land transport mode for passengers and freight that travels at ultra-high speeds. Lately, different stakeholders have been engaged in the research and development of hyperloop components. The novelty of the hyperloop necessitates certain directions to be followed toward the development and testing of its technological components as well the formation of regulations and planning processes. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive literature review of hyperloop publications to record the current state of progress of hyperloop components, including the pod, the infrastructure, and the communication system, and identify involved EU stakeholders. Blending this information results in future directions. An online search of English-based publications was performed to finally consider 107 studies on the hyperloop and identify 81 stakeholders in the EU. The analysis shows that the hyperloop-related activities are almost equally distributed between Europe (39%) and Asia (38%), and the majority of EU stakeholders are located in Spain (26%) and Germany (20%), work on the traction of the pod (37%) and the tube (28%), and study impacts including safety (35%), energy (33%), and cost (30%). Existing tube systems and testing facilities for the hyperloop lack full-scale tracks, which creates a hurdle for the testing and development of the hyperloop system. The presented analysis and findings provide a holistic assessment of the hyperloop system and its stakeholders and suggest future directions to develop a successful transport system.

scholarly journals AI MSK clinical applications: spine imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian A. Huber ◽  
Roman Guggenberger
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Musculoskeletal Imaging ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Spine Imaging ◽  
The Status

AbstractRecent investigations have focused on the clinical application of artificial intelligence (AI) for tasks specifically addressing the musculoskeletal imaging routine. Several AI applications have been dedicated to optimizing the radiology value chain in spine imaging, independent from modality or specific application. This review aims to summarize the status quo and future perspective regarding utilization of AI for spine imaging. First, the basics of AI concepts are clarified. Second, the different tasks and use cases for AI applications in spine imaging are discussed and illustrated by examples. Finally, the authors of this review present their personal perception of AI in daily imaging and discuss future chances and challenges that come along with AI-based solutions.

scholarly journals Genetic and Transcriptomic Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Situation and the Road Ahead

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1030
Author(s):  
Julie Lake ◽  
Catherine S. Storm ◽  
Mary B. Makarious ◽  
Sara Bandres-Ciga
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Current State ◽  
Molecular Complexity ◽  
Science Framework ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Neurodegenerative diseases are etiologically and clinically heterogeneous conditions, often reflecting a spectrum of disease rather than well-defined disorders. The underlying molecular complexity of these diseases has made the discovery and validation of useful biomarkers challenging. The search of characteristic genetic and transcriptomic indicators for preclinical disease diagnosis, prognosis, or subtyping is an area of ongoing effort and interest. The next generation of biomarker studies holds promise by implementing meaningful longitudinal and multi-modal approaches in large scale biobank and healthcare system scale datasets. This work will only be possible in an open science framework. This review summarizes the current state of genetic and transcriptomic biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, providing a comprehensive landscape of recent literature and future directions.

China in Africa: a critical literature review

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdoulkadre Ado ◽  
Zhan Su
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Current State ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Critical Literature

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to critically assesses the major contributions to the academic literature on China’s increased focus on Africa, from 2001 to 2011. It discusses the key trends concerning China’s presence in Africa and draws conclusions on the significance of the studies by emphasizing and contrasting the prevailing positions. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a qualitative approach using an integrative and comprehensive literature review, the authors performed a content analysis of high-impact, peer-reviewed papers. Findings – The paper questions and repositions some of the existing controversies. The results from existing studies remain questionable, requiring further clarification and more theoretical backing. It, moreover, highlights the notion that behind the explicit neutrality views of China’s presence in Africa, implicit assumptions may exist. These are often the differences in narratives conveyed by Western and Southern stakeholders. Research limitations/implications – Most of the conclusions drawn from this paper need to be re-explored and supported by additional research. This could be done by widening the scope of the analysis. Studies need to provide more empirical support for their assertions through quantitative data and evidence-based qualitative analyses – all within a framework that considers more cultural, social and historical dimensions. The paper also suggests that an institutionally based view appears most relevant in better explaining China in Africa. Originality/value – This paper reviews a decade of research on China in Africa and presents a snapshot of the current state of knowledge. It also raises concerns to be analyzed by future research and proposes new avenues for better understanding China’s presence in Africa.

scholarly journals Ethical issues on artificial intelligence in radiology: how is it reported in research articles? The current state and future directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. e513
Author(s):  
Tomasz Piotrowski ◽  
Joanna Kazmierska ◽  
Mirosława Mocydlarz-Adamcewicz ◽  
Adam Ryczkowski
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Ethical Status ◽  
The Status ◽  
Clinical Questions ◽  
Almost All

Background. This paper evaluates the status of reporting information related to the usage and ethical issues of artificial intelligence (AI) procedures in clinical trial (CT) papers focussed on radiology issues as well as other (non-trial) original radiology articles (OA). Material and Methods. The evaluation was performed by three independent observers who were, respectively physicist, physician and computer scientist. The analysis was performed for two groups of publications, i.e., for CT and OA. Each group included 30 papers published from 2018 to 2020, published before guidelines proposed by Liu et al. (Nat Med. 2020; 26:1364-1374). The set of items used to catalogue and to verify the ethical status of the AI reporting was developed using the above-mentioned guidelines. Results. Most of the reviewed studies, clearly stated their use of AI methods and more importantly, almost all tried to address relevant clinical questions. Although in most of the studies, patient inclusion and exclusion criteria were presented, the widespread lack of rigorous descriptions of the study design apart from a detailed explanation of the AI approach itself is noticeable. Few of the chosen studies provided information about anonymization of data and the process of secure data sharing. Only a few studies explore the patterns of incorrect predictions by the proposed AI tools and their possible reasons. Conclusion. Results of review support idea of implementation of uniform guidelines for designing and reporting studies with use of AI tools. Such guidelines help to design robust, transparent and reproducible tools for use in real life.

Electronic Procurement in the Construction Industry

2012 ◽  
pp. 118-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Eadie ◽  
Srinath Perera ◽  
George Heaney
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Reference Guide ◽  
Electronic Procurement ◽  
Current State ◽  
Informed Decisions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Insight Into

The benefits of e-business have been widely promoted but the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) sector has lagged behind other sectors in the adoption of e-procurement. The prospective benefits for the AEC sector are suggested by the proven advantages of general e-procurement where adoption has been faster and deeper. However, several studies indicated that barely 20% of documentation is tendered electronically, suggesting there are barriers to e-procurement. In order to promote adoption of e-procurement in the AEC sector, it is important to establish the status of the industry and identify the drivers as well as barriers to e-procurement. This chapter provides a detailed discussion of the state of the industry and its drivers and barriers while ranking these according to its importance. It acts as a reference guide to allow those implementing e-procurement in construction to make informed decisions as to where to focus their efforts to achieve successful realisation incorporating the benefits and avoiding the pitfalls in the process. The chapter also provides some insight into the current state, trends, and future directions of e-procurement in the construction industry.

scholarly journals Extended Reality in Spatial Sciences: A Review of Research Challenges and Future Directions

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Arzu Çöltekin ◽  
Ian Lochhead ◽  
Marguerite Madden ◽  
Sidonie Christophe ◽  
Alexandre Devaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Mixed Reality ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Technology Design ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Challenges ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review

This manuscript identifies and documents unsolved problems and research challenges in the extended reality (XR) domain (i.e., virtual (VR), augmented (AR), and mixed reality (MR)). The manuscript is structured to include technology, design, and human factor perspectives. The text is visualization/display-focused, that is, other modalities such as audio, haptic, smell, and touch, while important for XR, are beyond the scope of this paper. We further narrow our focus to mainly geospatial research, with necessary deviations to other domains where these technologies are widely researched. The main objective of the study is to provide an overview of broader research challenges and directions in XR, especially in spatial sciences. Aside from the research challenges identified based on a comprehensive literature review, we provide case studies with original results from our own studies in each section as examples to demonstrate the relevance of the challenges in the current research. We believe that this paper will be of relevance to anyone who has scientific interest in extended reality, and/or uses these systems in their research.

scholarly journals METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE FRICTION COEFFICIENT OF THE ROAD SURFACE / TRINTIES KOEFICIENTO SU KELIO DANGA NUSTATYMO METODAI

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (0) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Elena Perova ◽  
Evgeniya Ugnenko ◽  
Gintas Viselga ◽  
Ina Tetsman
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
The Road ◽  
Frictional Properties ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review

In spite of advances in aviation technology, operational procedures and weather forecasting, safe winter runway operations remain a challenge for airport operators, air traffic controllers, airlines and pilots who must coordinate their actions under rapidly-changing weather conditions. The paper analyses most popular methods for determining the friction coefficient of the road surface. Their advantages, disadvantages and comparison of their modern instruments for measuring the frictional properties of airfields is shown. Most of the information was derived from a comprehensive literature review. Santrauka Nepaisant aviacijos technologijų pažangos, operacinių procedūrų ir oro prognozių, saugios kilimo ir tūpimo tako operacijos žiemą išlieka iššūkiu oro uostų valdytojams, skrydžių vadovams, oro linijoms ir pilotams, kurie turi koordinuoti savo veiksmus sparčiai besikeičiančiomis oro sąlygomis. Straipsnyje analizuojami populiariausieji kelio dangos trinties koeficiento nustatymo metodai. Pateikiami jų privalumai, trūkumai ir lyginami jų modernūs prietaisai, skirti aerodromų trinties savybėms matuoti. Didžioji dalis informacijos buvo gauta iš išsamios literatūros apžvalgos.

Counseling Gifted Women: Becoming the Heroes of Our Own Stories

1989 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen D. Noble
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
The Status ◽  
Personal Fulfillment

The journey toward becoming one's best is a heroic quest which demands strength, courage, independence, and perseverance. This paper assists counselors and psychotherapists to understand and illuminate the issues, obstacles, and challenges confronting gifted women, and to empower their clients to claim and express their high potential. These issues are drawn from the author's interviews with clients and colleagues, a survey of participants at a 1986 conference for and about gifted women, and a comprehensive literature review. Gifted women are urged to recognize and externalize cultural and familial devaluation, refuse to be invisible or to “disappear,” resist the pull of the status quo, and envision new possibilities for personal fulfillment. Guidelines, strategies, and resources for enabling these goals are discussed.

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