Microsphere-Based Microfluidic Device for Plasma Separation and Potential Biochemistry Analysis Applications

The development of a simple, portable, and cost-effective plasma separation platform for blood biochemical analysis is of great interest in clinical diagnostics. We represent a plasma separation microfluidic device using microspheres with different sizes as the separation barrier. This plasma separation device, with 18 capillary microchannels, can extract about 3 μL of plasma from a 50 μL blood sample in about 55 min. The effects of evaporation and the microsphere barrier on the plasma biochemical analysis results were studied. Correction factors were applied to compensate for these two effects. The feasibility of the device in plasma biochemical analysis was validated with clinical blood samples.

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High-Efficiency Plasma Separator Based on Immunocapture and Filtration

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi11040352 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 352

Author(s):

Xiaosong Su ◽

Jianzhong Zhang ◽

Dongxu Zhang ◽

Yingbin Wang ◽

Mengyuan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nucleic Acid ◽

Blood Sample ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Separation Efficiency ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Plasma Separation ◽

Centrifuge Method ◽

Purification Membranes ◽

Whole Blood Sample

The shortcomings of standard plasma-separation methods limit the point-of-care application of microfluidics in clinical facilities and at the patient’s bedside. To overcome the limitations of this inconvenient, laborious, and costly technique, a new plasma-separation technique and device were developed. This new separation method relies on immunological capture and filtration to exclude cells from plasma, and is convenient, easy to use, and cost-effective. Most of the RBCs can be captured and immobilized by antibody which coated in separation matrix, and residue cells can be totally removed from the sample by a commercially plasma purification membranes. A 400 µL anti-coagulated whole blood sample with 65% hematocrit (Hct) can be separated by the device in 5 min with only one pipette. Up to 97% of the plasma can be recovered from the raw blood sample with a separation efficiency at 100%. The recovery rate of small molecule compounds, proteins, and nucleic acid biomarkers is evaluated; there are no obvious differences from the centrifuge method. The results demonstrate that this method is an excellent replacement for traditional plasma preparation protocols.

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Development of a blood sample detector for multi-tracer positron emission tomography using gamma spectroscopy

EJNMMI Physics ◽

10.1186/s40658-019-0263-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carlos Velasco ◽

Adriana Mota-Cobián ◽

Jesús Mateo ◽

Samuel España

Keyword(s):

Positron Emission Tomography ◽

Blood Sample ◽

Pet Imaging ◽

Spectroscopic Analysis ◽

Gamma Spectroscopy ◽

Emission Tomography ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Positron Emission

Abstract Background Multi-tracer positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can be accomplished by applying multi-tracer compartment modeling. Recently, a method has been proposed in which the arterial input functions (AIFs) of the multi-tracer PET scan are explicitly derived. For that purpose, a gamma spectroscopic analysis is performed on blood samples manually withdrawn from the patient when at least one of the co-injected tracers is based on a non-pure positron emitter. Alternatively, these blood samples required for the spectroscopic analysis may be obtained and analyzed on site by an automated detection device, thus minimizing analysis time and radiation exposure of the operating personnel. In this work, a new automated blood sample detector based on silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) for single- and multi-tracer PET imaging is presented, characterized, and tested in vitro and in vivo. Results The detector presented in this work stores and analyzes on-the-fly single and coincidence detected events. A sensitivity of 22.6 cps/(kBq/mL) and 1.7 cps/(kBq/mL) was obtained for single and coincidence events respectively. An energy resolution of 35% full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) at 511 keV and a minimum detectable activity of 0.30 ± 0.08 kBq/mL in single mode were obtained. The in vivo AIFs obtained with the detector show an excellent Pearson’s correlation (r = 0.996, p < 0.0001) with the ones obtained from well counter analysis of discrete blood samples. Moreover, in vitro experiments demonstrate the capability of the detector to apply the gamma spectroscopic analysis on a mixture of 68Ga and 18F and separate the individual signal emitted from each one. Conclusions Characterization and in vivo evaluation under realistic experimental conditions showed that the detector proposed in this work offers excellent sensibility and stability. The device also showed to successfully separate individual signals emitted from a mixture of radioisotopes. Therefore, the blood sample detector presented in this study allows fully automatic AIFs measurements during single- and multi-tracer PET studies.

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Optimal feed level during the transition period to achieve faster farrowing and high colostrum yield in sows

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Takele Feyera ◽

Sigrid J W Skovmose ◽

Signe E Nielsen ◽

Darya Vodolazska ◽

Thomas S Bruun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feed Intake ◽

Transition Period ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Newborn Piglets ◽

Blood Biochemical ◽

Lysine Concentration ◽

Optimal Feed ◽

Piglet Mortality ◽

Birth Time

Abstract This study aimed to determine the optimal supply of lactation feed during the transition period to minimize farrowing duration (FD) and maximize colostrum yield (CY) and quality with the overall aim of reducing piglet mortality. A total of 48 sows were stratified for body weight and assigned to six levels of feed supply (1.8, 2.4, 3.1, 3.7, 4.3, and 5.0 kg/d) from day 108 of gestation until 24 h after the onset of farrowing. The number of total born, live-born, and stillborn piglets; birth time and birth weight of each piglet; and frequency of farrowing assistance (FA) was recorded, and blood samples were obtained from newborn piglets at birth. Live-born piglets were further weighed at 12 and 24 h after birth to record weight gain, which in turn was used to estimate intake and yield of colostrum. Colostrum samples were collected at 0, 12, 24, and 36 h after the onset of farrowing. FD was shortest (4.2 h) at intermediate (3.7 kg/d), longest (7.1 to 7.6 h) at low (1.8 and 2.4 kg/d), and intermediate (5.6 to 5.7 h) at high (4.3 and 5.0 kg/d) feed intake (P = 0.004; mean comparison). FA was lowest (0.7% to 0.8%) at intermediate feed intake (3.7 and 4.3 kg/d) and substantially elevated (4.3% to 4.7%) at both lower and higher feed intake (P = 0.01; mean comparison). The cubic contrast revealed 4.1 kg/d as the optimal feed intake to achieve the shortest FD and to minimize FA. Newborn piglets from second-parity sows were less vital than piglets from gilts as evaluated by blood biochemical variables immediately after birth. CY was greatest at 3.1 kg/d (P = 0.04), whereas the cubic contrast revealed 3.0 kg/d as the optimal feed intake to maximize CY. Concentrations of colostral components were affected by the diet, parity, and their interaction except for lactose concentrations. In conclusion, the study demonstrated the importance of proper feed level during the transition period on sow productivity. Moreover, this study estimated 4.1 and 3.0 kg/d as the optimal feed intake during the transition period to improve farrowing characteristic and CY, respectively, and these two feed intake levels supplied daily 38.8 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) and 23.9 g standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (3.0 kg/d) or 53.0 MJ ME and 32.7 g SID lysine (4.1 kg/d). The discrepancy of optimal feed intake for optimal farrowing and colostrum performance suggests that it may be advantageous to lower dietary lysine concentration in the diet fed prepartum.

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PSVII-3 Correlations between L-lactate concentrations obtained using a handheld lactate analyser and a lactate assay colorimetric kit in beef cattle transported by road

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.535 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 296-297

Author(s):

Daniela M Meléndez ◽

Sonia Marti ◽

Luigi Faucitano ◽

Derek B Haley ◽

Timothy D Schwinghamer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Significance ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Road Transportation ◽

Long Distance ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Handheld Device ◽

Time Points ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Blood metabolites are used to assess a variety of animal conditions for veterinary diagnosis and research. Concentration of metabolites in blood can be measured using a commercially-available lab-based assay or in real-time using a handheld device developed to be more time- and cost-effective than the lab-based method. Lactate is a product of anaerobic glycolysis, used in animal research as an indicator of muscle fatigue. Therefore, it has been used as an indicator of cattle response to long distance transportation. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of L-lactate concentrations measured using a Lactate Scout+ analyzer (Lactate Scout, EFK Diagnostics, Barleben, Germany) and a lactate assay colorimetric kit (Lactate Assay Kit, Cell Biolabs Inc., San Diego, CA). Blood samples were collected by venipuncture from 96 steers (245 ± 35.7 kg BW) prior to (L1) and after 36 h, and prior to and after an additional 4 h of road transportation, and on d 1, 2, 3, 5, 14, and 28 after transport. The Lactate Scout+ analyzer strip was dipped in blood at the time of sampling, while blood samples were collected into sodium fluoride tubes for use in colorimetric analysis. Pearson correlations were calculated to determine the relationship between the experimental methods for the quantification of L-lactate concentrations. The strengths and levels of statistical significance of the correlation varied over the observed time points, r = -0.03, P = 0.75 (L1) to r = 0.75, P = < 0.0001 (d 3). The correlation for the pooled data was weak but statistically significant (r = 0.33, P < 0.001). Based on the experimental results, the Lactate Scout+ analyzer is not a suitable alternative to a lab-based assay for measuring L-lactate in transported cattle, due to variability across sampling time points and weak correlation with the traditional enzymatic method.

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Does the Site of Blood Collection in Fish Affect Haematological and Blood Biochemical Results?

Folia Biologica ◽

10.3409/fb_69-2.07 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 51-56

Author(s):

Bartosz Bojarski ◽

Magdalena Socha ◽

Ewa Drąg-Kozak ◽

Agnieszkaa Rombel-Bryzek ◽

Sylwia Kapinos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Blood Sampling ◽

Blood Collection ◽

Body Site ◽

Differential Leukocyte Count ◽

Erythrocyte Morphology ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Blood Biochemical ◽

Group I ◽

Caudal Vein

The values of haematological and selected blood plasma biochemical parameters of juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) were compared between blood samples taken from caudal vein and heart to evaluate the influence of blood sampling body site on the obtained results in two groups of fish of different blood sampling order: I – first by caudal and then by cardiac puncture, II – first by cardiac and then by caudal puncture. The obtained results revealed statistically significant (p<0.05) differences only in group I where red blood cell (RBC) count was higher in caudal vein blood, while haematocrit (Ht) value, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), total protein (TP) concentration, and magnesium (Mg) level were higher in cardiac blood samples. No statistically significant differences occurred in white blood cell (WBC) count, differential leukocyte count or erythrocyte morphology based on stained blood smears. The obtained results showed that blood sampling body site may affect the results of haematological and plasma biochemical analyses.

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The effects of different anticoagulants on biochemical parameters in blood of dairy cows

Veterinarski glasnik ◽

10.2298/vetgl1502013b ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 69 (1-2) ◽

pp. 13-20

Author(s):

Branislava Belic ◽

Marko Cincovic ◽

Maja Dosenovic ◽

Dragica Stojanovic ◽

Zorana Kovacevic

Keyword(s):

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽

Total Protein ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Biochemical Analysis ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Albumin Level ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Holstein Friesian

Routine analysis of blood parameters requires high precision. Therefore a significant number of methods and recommendations has been developed to ensure the obtaining of precise results. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the type of anticoagulant affects the values of biochemical parameters in the blood of dairy cows in relation to the values obtained from the serum. The study was carried out on 20 healthy cows of Holstein- Friesian breed in the second month of lactation. The blood was taken by venipuncture from v.coccigea. There were used five types of vacutainers as follows: for the serum separation, with heparin, EDTA, citrate, and fluoride. Samples from each cow were taken in all five types of vacutainers respectively. There was determined the concentration of: albumin, total protein, glucose, Ca, P, BHB, NEFA, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT, AST, AP, GGT and bilirubin. The results of the analysis of samples that contained anticoagulants were compared statistically with analysis in serum that was considered to be the control one. It was also calculated the percentage of deviation in average values of concentration of metabolites obtained from samples with different anticoagulants in regard to the serum value. The results of the investigation show that anticoagulants influence the values of biochemical parameters in the blood of cows. In the samples where heparin was used as anticoagulant there was found higher albumin level (deviation 4.1%) as well as total protein (1.4%), but lower value of alkaline phosphatase activity relative to the serum (-33%). In the samples in which EDTA was used there were significantly lower levels of total protein (-5.8%), Ca (-49.6%), P (-17.7%), AP (-32%) and higher value AST (10.6%) compared to serum. In the samples where citrate or fluoride were used as anticoagulants there were found lower values of total protein, albumin, glucose (only citrate), Ca, P, BHB, NEFA, urea (only citrate), cholesterol, AP and GGT (only fluoride) and lower bilirubin when using citrate or higher when using fluoride, in comparison to the serum. Deviations of biochemical parameters measured from blood samples that were in citrate or fluoride were as follows: total protein (-5.3%, -5.2%), albumin (-7%, -5.7%), glucose (only citrate -6.2%), Ca (-55%, -82%), P (-29%, -24%), BHB (-53%, -80%), NEFA (-62.1%, -79 , 4%), urea (only citrate, -25.5%), cholesterol (-28.6%, -28.4%), AP (-38%, -32%), and GGT (only -17 fluoride, 8%) and higher bilirubin (-22.8%, 64.4%). For routine clinical biochemical analysis of blood of cows it is the most reliable to use the samples with heparin as an anticoagulant, because the use of other anticoagulants gives large variations in the values of biochemical parameters in relation to serum.

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Fast blood plasma separation device for point-of-care applications

Talanta ◽

10.1016/j.talanta.2018.02.004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 183 ◽

pp. 55-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Pavol Ďurč ◽

František Foret ◽

Petr Kubáň

Keyword(s):

Blood Plasma ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Separation Device ◽

Plasma Separation ◽

Blood Plasma Separation

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The Impact of Breed, Testing Time and Metabolic Profile on the Variation of Copper Concentration in Sheep Blood Serum

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-1352 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

J. Autukaitė ◽

V. Juozaitienė ◽

R. Antanaitis ◽

I. Poškienė ◽

W. Baumgartner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Copper Concentration ◽

Testing Time ◽

Blood Parameter ◽

Monthly Basis ◽

Limit Values ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Average Value ◽

Physiological Limits ◽

Blood Biochemical ◽

The Impact

Background: Copper supplementation in ruminants deserves special attention because of the narrow margin between deficiency and toxicity. The aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between the Cu concentration and other blood parameter values having taken into consideration their physiological limits based on the variation of copper concentration in the three different sheep breeds. Methods: Sixty sheep (35±5 kg) kept on the same farm were studied: the Suffolk (n = 20), the Merino (n = 20) and the Lithuanian blackhead (n = 20). The sheep were selected according to the following parameters: 3.5±0.3 years old, not pregnant during the entire investigation period, clinically healthy. All sheep were kept under the same conditions and throughout the year, were fed at the same time the same ration balanced according to their physiological needs. Individual blood samples were collected on the same day, on monthly basis for the period of one year (April 2018 to May 2019). Blood biochemical parameters as well blood haematology and cortisol concentration were analysed.Result: The highest average value of copper concentration was found in the Merino breed. The study has shown that the lowest number of blood samples with the levels of copper meeting the physiological limit values was found in the native Lithuanian blackhead sheep at the end of the grazing period and in the Merino and the Suffolk breeds - during the coldest winter months. The increase in copper concentration could be related to the stress caused due to the changes in dietary conditions, the variations of ambient temperature and different breed response to these factors.

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The repair of alveolar cleft bone defect in rabbits by active bone particles containing modified rhBMP-2

Regenerative Medicine ◽

10.2217/rme-2020-0109 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dan Zhang ◽

Xue-Cheng Sun ◽

Hu Wang ◽

Jian-Hui Li ◽

Li-Qiang Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Repair ◽

Biochemical Analysis ◽

Bone Collagen ◽

Alveolar Cleft ◽

Blood Biochemical ◽

Old Japanese ◽

Good Biocompatibility ◽

Operation Results ◽

Bone Particles ◽

Better Than

Objective: A model of alveolar cleft phenotype was established in rabbits to evaluate the effect of active bone particles containing modified rhBMP-2 on the repair of the alveolar cleft. Methods: 2-month-old Japanese white rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups: normal, control, material and BMP groups. Blood biochemical analysis, skull tomography (microfocus computerized tomography), and histological and immunohistochemical staining analysis of paraffin sections were performed 3 months and 6 months after operation. Results: Both types of collagen particles showed good biocompatibility and promoted bone regeneration. The effect of active bone particles on bone repair and regeneration was better than that of bone collagen particles. Conclusions: Active bone particles containing modified rhecombinant human MP-2 can be used for incisors regeneration.

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Abstract WP240: Ultra-acute Diagnostics for Stroke: Large-scale Implementation of Prehospital Biomarker Sampling

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.47.suppl_1.wp240 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Olli S Mattila ◽

Heini Harve ◽

Saana Pihlasviita ◽

Juhani Ritvonen ◽

Gerli Sibolt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Stroke ◽

Large Scale ◽

Biomarker Discovery ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Blood Sampling ◽

Blood Samples ◽

And Performance ◽

Comprehensive Stroke Center ◽

Stroke Center ◽

Acute Diagnostics

Background and purpose: Blood-based biomarkers could enable early and cost-effective diagnostics for acute stroke patients in the prehospital setting to support early initiation of treatments. However, large prehospital sample sets required for biomarker discovery and validation are missing, and the feasibility of large-scale blood sampling by emergency medical services (EMS) has not been determined. We set out to establish extensive prehospital blood sampling of thrombolysis candidates in the catchment area of our comprehensive stroke center, with a 1.5 million population base. Methods: EMS personnel were trained to collect prehospital blood samples using a cannula-adapter technique. Time delays, sample quality and performance bottlenecks were investigated between May 20, 2013 and May 19, 2014. Results: Prehospital blood sampling and study recruitment were successfully performed in 430 thrombolysis candidates, of which 55.3% were admitted outside office hours. The median (interquartile range) emergency call to prehospital sample time was 33 minutes (25-41), and the median time from reported symptom onset or wake-up to prehospital sample was 53 minutes (38-85; n=394). Prehospital sampling was performed 31 minutes (25-42) earlier than admission blood sampling, and 37 minutes (30-47) earlier than admission neuroimaging. Quality control data from 25 participating EMS units indicated a 4-minute increase in median transport time (from arrival on-scene to hospital door) for study patients compared to patients of the preceding year. The hemolysis rate in serum and plasma samples was 6.5% and 9.3% for EMS samples, and 0.7% and 1.6% for admission samples collected with venipuncture. Conclusions: Prehospital biomarker sampling is feasible in standard EMS units and provides a median timesaving of over 30 minutes to obtain first blood samples. Large biobanks of prehospital blood samples will facilitate development of ultra-acute stroke biomarkers.

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