scholarly journals Hybrid PWM Techniques for a DCM-232 Three-Phase Transformerless Inverter with Reduced Leakage Ground Current

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Gerardo Vazquez-Guzman ◽  
Panfilo R. Martinez-Rodriguez ◽  
Jose M. Sosa-Zuñiga ◽  
Dalyndha Aztatzi-Pluma ◽  
Diego Langarica-Cordoba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Digital Signals ◽  
Pv Inverter ◽  
Ac Power ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Ground Current ◽  
Vector Modulation ◽  
Three Phase Inverter

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) strategies are crucial for controlling DC–AC power converters. In particular, transformerless inverters require specific PWM techniques to improve efficiency and to deal with leakage ground current issues. In this paper, three hybrid PWM methods are proposed for a DCM-232 three-phase topology. These methods are based on the concepts of carrier-based PWM and space vector modulation. Calculations of time intervals for active and null vectors are performed in a conventional way, and the resulting waveforms are compared with a carrier signal. The digital signals obtained are processed using Boolean functions, generating ten signals to control the DCM-232 three-phase inverter. The performance of the three proposed PWM methods is evaluated considering the reduction in leakage ground current and efficiency. The proposed modulation techniques have relevant performances complying with international standards, which make them suitable for transformerless three-phase photovoltaic (PV) inverter markets. To validate the proposed hybrid PWM strategies, numerical simulations and experimental tests were performed.

scholarly journals Prediction of DC-Link Voltage Switching Ripple in Three-Phase Four-Leg PWM Inverters

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1434
Author(s):  
Riccardo Mandrioli ◽  
Aleksandr Viatkin ◽  
Manel Hammami ◽  
Mattia Ricco ◽  
Gabriele Grandi
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Mathematical Expressions ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Modulation Techniques ◽  
Ac Current ◽  
Vector Modulation ◽  
Ev Charging ◽  
Three Phase Inverter ◽  
Voltage Switching

This paper presents a thorough prediction of DC-link voltage switching ripples in the three-phase four-leg inverters operating in balanced and unbalanced working conditions. The unbalanced modes examined here employ the highest degree of AC current imbalance while still preserving three-phase operation. This behavior can be found in many grid-connected or standalone grid-forming three-phase converters that supply “heavy” single-phase loads, comprising a recent trend in smart-grid, smart electric vehicle (EV)-charging applications. In this sense, for instance, the smart EV chargers might be employed in conditions when different power is drawn/injected from/to the grid, providing power conditioning services to the latter. The analysis of three-phase four-leg inverters is then extended to single-phase operations typical of home-charging or vehicle-to-home (V2H) applications. Their performances in terms of DC-link voltage switching ripple are demonstrated. Two of the most common carrier-based PWM modulation techniques are employed to drive the three-phase inverter—namely, sinusoidal PWM and centered PWM (carrier-based analogy of the space vector modulation). The derived mathematical expressions of peak-to-peak and RMS values of DC-link voltage switching ripple for balanced and unbalanced conditions are handy for designing the associated DC-link capacitor and estimating the overall efficiency of the converter. Extensive numerical simulations and experimental tests have been performed to validate the presented analytical developments.

scholarly journals Implementation of space vector modulation for two level Three-phase inverter using dSPACE DS1104

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 744
Author(s):  
Ismail Bouyakoub ◽  
Rachid Taleb ◽  
Hacene Mellah ◽  
Abdelaziz Zerglaine
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Motor Drive ◽  
Space Vector Modulation ◽  
Space Vector ◽  
Digital Implementation ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Ac Motor ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Vector Modulation ◽  
Three Phase Inverter

With increasing research and advancement in solid-state power electronic devices and microprocessors, various inverter control techniques employing Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) are becoming popular especially in AC motor drive applications. The most commonly used techniques are Sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) and Space Vector modulation PWM (SVPWM). SVPWM is considered to be superior to the SPWM because of better DC bus utilization. In this paper, a real-time digital implementation of SVPWM algorithm for three-phase two level inverter using dSPACE DS1104. The results obtained from the experimentation are closer to that of simulation, which confirms the validity of the implemented algorithm.

scholarly journals Arduino-Based Three-Phase Inverter Using Power MOSFET for Application in Microgrid Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 416-424
Author(s):  
Imran Chowdhury ◽  
◽  
Saroar Hossain ◽  
Niloy Kumar Das ◽  
Taslim Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Phase Line ◽  
Power Mosfets ◽  
Phase Inverter ◽  
Incandescent Bulb ◽  
Ac Power ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Arduino Uno ◽  
Three Phase Inverter

Rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves, and concerns over climate change have encouraged power generation from sustainable energy based microgrids. And to address the necessity of three-phase inverters in microgrid systems or sustainable-powered households, an Arduino-based three-phase inverter using MOSFET is designed, which converts DC into three-phase AC power. The designed system generates 223V square signals at each phase from a 12V battery through switching of three stages of power MOSFETs using pulse width modulation (PWM) signals at their gates from an Arduino Uno. Each stage of power MOSFETs consists of six transistors making it eighteen in total, which are used to perform the inversion process separately for each three single-phase connections. The system is programmed using an Arduino Uno to generate PWM signals and to keep 120 degrees phase displacement among each phase. Three step-up transformers are coupled at the outputs of MOSFET stages for amplification. The system generates 386.25V of voltage for the three-phase line delivering 0.58A of current using a 60W incandescent bulb at each phase as a load. The design and simulation of the electronic circuit are done by Proteus, and the programming codes are written using Arduino IDE. The designed system is practically contrasted and verified.

scholarly journals AC Current Ripple in Three-Phase Four-Leg PWM Converters with Neutral Line Inductor

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1430
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Viatkin ◽  
Riccardo Mandrioli ◽  
Manel Hammami ◽  
Mattia Ricco ◽  
Gabriele Grandi
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Neutral Line ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Switching Frequency ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Ac Current ◽  
Current Ripple

This paper presents a comprehensive study of peak-to-peak and root-mean-square (RMS) values of AC current ripples with balanced and unbalanced fundamental currents in a generic case of three-phase four-leg converters with uncoupled AC interface inductors present in all three phases and in neutral. The AC current ripple characteristics were determined for both phase and neutral currents, considering the sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (SPWM) method. The derived expressions are simple, effective, and ready for accurate AC current ripple calculations in three- or four-leg converters. This is particularly handy in the converter design process, since there is no need for heavy numerical simulations to determine an optimal set of design parameters, such as switching frequency and line inductances, based on the grid code or load restrictions in terms of AC current ripple. Particular attention has been paid to the performance comparison between the conventional three-phase three-leg converter and its four-leg counterpart, with distinct line inductance values in the neutral wire. In addition to that, a design example was performed to demonstrate the power of the derived equations. Numerical simulations and extensive experimental tests were thoroughly verified the analytical developments.

scholarly journals Three Phase 9-Level Hybridised Cascaded Multi-Level Inverter for Use in Smart Grid

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4612-4618
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Modulation Scheme ◽  
Fast Fourier Transform Analysis ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Grid Operation ◽  
Inverter Topology ◽  
Three Phase Inverter ◽  
Smart Grid Technology

Smart grid technology can be best utilized by having proper grid supporting equipment. This paper demonstrates the use of a three-phase, 9-level, hybridised cascaded multi-level inverter topology in a smart grid. A pulse width modulation scheme with phase disposition is employed in this inverter to control the firing signals to operate this circuit. These firing signals can be monitored and controlled for optimal usage in smart grid operation. Operational principles with switching equations are described in detail. Crucial voltage identification has been performed by analyzing the THD in output during source shortages by performing Fast Fourier transform analysis. Least THD of 15.82% is attained in the output voltage waveform of the proposed three phase inverter topology.

scholarly journals Influence of PWM Methods on Semiconductor Losses and Thermal Cycling of 15-kVA Three-Phase SiC Inverter for Aircraft Applications

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Cougo ◽  
Lenin Morais ◽  
Gilles Segond ◽  
Raphael Riva ◽  
Hoan Tran Duc
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Junction Temperature ◽  
Phase Inverter ◽  
Instantaneous Power ◽  
Power Modules ◽  
Temperature Swing ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Three Phase Inverter

This paper presents the influence of different pulse width modulation (PWM) methods on losses and thermal stresses in SiC power modules used in a three-phase inverter. The variation of PWM methods directly impacts instantaneous losses on these semiconductors, consequently resulting in junction temperature swing at the fundamental frequency of the converter’s output current. This thermal cycling can significantly reduce the lifetime of these components. In order to determine semiconductor losses, one needs to characterize SiC devices to calculate the instantaneous power. The characterization methodology of the devices, the calculation of instantaneous power and temperature of SiC dies, and the influence of the different PWM methods are presented. A 15-kVA inverter is built in order to obtain experimental results to confirm the characterization and loss calculation, and we show the best PWM methods to increase efficiency and reliability of the three-phase inverter for specific aircraft applications.

scholarly journals Improving Performance of Three-Phase Slim DC-Link Drives Utilizing Virtual Positive Impedance-Based Active Damping Control

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Aksoz ◽  
Yipeng Song ◽  
Ali Saygin ◽  
Frede Blaabjerg ◽  
Pooya Davari
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Active Damping ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Motor Drive ◽  
Damping Control ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Active Damping Control

In this paper, a virtual positive impedance (VPI) based active damping control for a slim DC-link motor drive with 24 section space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is proposed. Utilizing the proposed control and modulation strategy can improve the input of current total harmonic distortion (THD) while maintaining the cogging torque of the motor. The proposed system is expected to reduce the front-end current THD according to international standards, as per IEC 61000 and IEEE-519. It is also expected to achieve lower cost, longer lifetime, and fewer losses. A permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is fed by the inverter, which adopts the 24 section SVPWM technique. The VPI based active damping control for the slim DC-link drive with/without the 24 section SVPWM are compared to confirm the performance of the proposed method. The simulation results based on MATLAB are provided to validate the proposed control strategy.

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