scholarly journals Malaria in North-East India: Importance and Implications in the Era of Elimination

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devojit Kumar Sarma ◽  
Pradumnya Kishore Mohapatra ◽  
Dibya Ranjan Bhattacharyya ◽  
Savitha Chellappan ◽  
Balasubramani Karuppusamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Elimination ◽  
Malaria Vectors ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
North East India ◽  
Malaria Epidemiology ◽  
North East ◽  
Ne India ◽  
And Control

Worldwide and in India, malaria elimination efforts are being ramped up to eradicate the disease by 2030. Malaria elimination efforts in North-East (NE) India will have a great bearing on the overall efforts to eradicate malaria in the rest of India. The first cases of chloroquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance were reported in NE India, and the source of these drug resistant parasites are most likely from South East Asia (SEA). NE India is the only land route through which the parasites from SEA can enter the Indian mainland. India’s malaria drug policy had to be constantly updated due to the emergence of drug resistant parasites in NE India. Malaria is highly endemic in many parts of NE India, and Plasmodium falciparum is responsible for the majority of the cases. Highly efficient primary vectors and emerging secondary vectors complicate malaria elimination efforts in NE India. Many of the high transmission zones in NE India are tribal belts, and are difficult to access. The review details the malaria epidemiology in seven NE Indian states from 2008 to 2018. In addition, the origin and evolution of resistance to major anti-malarials are discussed. Furthermore, the bionomics of primary vectors and emergence of secondary malaria vectors, and possible strategies to prevent and control malaria in NE are outlined.

scholarly journals A SWOT ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPMENT IN NORTH EAST INDIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Ranju Kumar Bharali
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Hydro Power Potential ◽  
International Border

North East India comprising eight North Indian States covering 8 percent of India's land surface and 3.1 percent of India's population is a centre stage of India's Act East Policy as this region is a gateway to South East Asia. This region has great potential to develop not just as a self sustaining economic unit but also critical for overall development of the country. North East India has vast natural resources. The region is endowed with rich hydro power potential, coal, petroleum, natural gas and other minerals, forest wealth, horticulture etc. As about 98 percent of the region is covered with international border it has great potential for trade and collaboration. Again the region has vast potential for all types of tourism. Inspite of all these, the region is relatively backward. This might be due to lack of proper developmental strategy and policy. To formulate proper roadmap and strategy for development it is very necessary to analyse the strength, weakness, opportunities, and threat (SWOT) of North East India. This paper makes an attempt for SWOT analysis of development in North East India which may be helpful in making proper policy initiatives and strategy for overall development of the region.

scholarly journals Historical and Temporal Trends of Climatic Parameters in North East India

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-561 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Water Resources Systems ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Mk Test ◽  
Ne India ◽  
Increasing Trends

Accessing temporal trend of different meteorological parameters is essential for understanding the local climate changing pattern of a region. Quantitative estimates of the effect of climate change helps in understanding, planning, and management of water resources systems. In this study, monthly meteorological data were collected from 30 stations of north-east (NE) India for 1971–2010 and non-parametric Mann-Kendall (MK) test and Sen slope were employed for detection and quantification of significant temporal trends, respectively. An ESRI ArcGIS toolbar “ArcTrends” was used for the above mentioned tasks. The results obtained for rainfall were of mixed nature and both increasing and decreasing significant trends were found for different stations in different months. Most of the negative trends were found in the months of July–August (monsoon), whereas, more stations showed positive trends in April–May (pre-monsoon), and October–November (post-monsoon), indicating inter-seasonal shifting of rainfall without much change in the annual total. Number of rainy days was found to have positive trends in March–May (pre-monsoon) and negative trends in September–December. Except some positive trends during June–December in Manipur and Meghalaya, there were no significant trends in maximum temperature. In some stations, minimum temperature was found to have significant increasing trends throughout the year indicating a general rising trend in NE India. Some major towns like Guwahati, Imphal, Agartala and Kailashshahar showed significant positive trends in mean temperature, mostly during June–December. Mean relative humidity was, in general, found to be significantly increasing, especially during February–March. In some stations, wind speed was found to have significant negative trends throughout the year, with Agartala being the most affected.

How safe is radiotherapy practice in India: perceptions and practical experiences among the workers of radiotherapy facilities in North East, India?

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-435
Author(s):  
Dewan Thokchom Singh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Regulatory Requirements ◽  
Indian States ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to understand how the regulatory requirements for functioning radiotherapy practices in India to control risk were conceptualised, perceived and applied accordingly in the radiotherapy facilities. It further examined how the social factors influenced the decision-making process for implementing regulatory requirements in the radiotherapy facilities.Material and methodThis study was carried out in nine radiotherapy facilities located in the northeastern Indian states of Manipur, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram. The study adopted both the semi-structured and in-depth questionnaire, developed on the basis of multidisciplinary fields.ResultThe study found that the facilities in the northeastern regions were commissioned in line with the regulatory requirements. The facilities had adequate structural shielding rooms to protect workers, patients and the public from the risk of ionising radiation. However, in the operational phase of the facilities, majority of the facilities had the improper management of existing resources and non-implementation of regulatory requirements on time. It was observed that workers in some facilities continued the practice, despite the failure of specific safety functions, or not meeting regulatory requirements. Such practices led to the suspension of patient treatment in three of the facilities by the regulator. The existence of a varying nature of risk perceptions among oncologists, medical physicists, radiological safety officers, radiotherapy technologists in the facilities were observed and these influenced the decision-making process of the facilities on the implementation of regulatory requirements.ConclusionThe study found that the facilities needed to explore various means, including to narrow the gap that existed in respects of perceived risk (within the facilities), communication to enhance work coordination and mutual trust among workers. The adoption of the institutional policy for conducting an internal audit of working practices, encouragement of workers to participate in continuing education programs would enhance effective utilisation of already existing infrastructure/equipment and work procedures including quality assurance programs.

scholarly journals THE MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY IN THE NORTH EASTERN STATES OF INDIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
Paranan Konwar
Keyword(s):  
Direct Method ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Ne India ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Comparative Study

The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) applies the direct method of measuring poverty using the Alkire and Foster (AF) approach. The study aims at analyzing the comparative study and trends of the multi-dimensional poverty among the north eastern states of India. The MPI value was continuing to be higher in Assam and Meghalaya over the decade (2005-06 to 2015-16). Vulnerability to poverty was estimated to be lower in Mizoram over the decade as compared to all India level. On the other hand, severity of poverty was higher in two states, Assam and Meghalaya as compared to the all India estimate (8.8%) between 2005-06 and 2015-16. In can be concluded Assam, a gateway to north east India, remains as multidimensionality poor as compared to all states of NE India. Vulnerability and severity of poverty are higher in Assam over the decades among the NE States. Thus, it is recommended for pro-poor strategy for Assam in health, education and standard of living to come out of multidimensional poverty. KEYWORDS: MPI, Assam, North East India, Vulnerability of poverty, severity of poverty

scholarly journals Social and Economic Development

1980 ◽  
Vol 36 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 449-470
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
State Government ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
North India ◽  
Indian States ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Social And Economic Development

Social and Economic Development: Mahadev L. Apie Ed.: Mass Culture, Language and Arts in India. Social and Economic Development: Akhileshwar Jha: Modernization and the Hindu Socio-Culture. Social and Economic Development: B. DATTA RAY, Ed.: Social and Economic Profile of North East India. Social and Economic Development: Bipin Bihari Sinha: Socio-Economic Life in Chotanagpur 1858–1935. Social and Economic Development: Shibani Roy: Status of Muslim Women in North India. Social and Economic Development: G. K. Seth: Know Your Environment. Social and Economic Development: V. P. Batra: The Economy and Human Resources. Social and Economic Development: M. Adhikari: Economic Environment of Business. Social and Economic Development: Ziauddin khan and Ramesh K. Arora Eds.: Public Enterprises in India: A Study of the State Government Undertakings. Social and Economic Development: Sukomal Sen: Working Class of India: History of Emergence and Movement: 1830–1970. Social and Economic Development: C. Subramaniam: The New Strategy in Indian Agriculture: The First Decade and After. Social and Economic Development: K.C. Alexander: Agricultural Labour Unions: A Study in Three South Indian States.

scholarly journals Potential malaria vector Anopheles minimus (species A) still persisting in North East India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varun Tyagi ◽  
Diganta Goswami ◽  
Sunil Dhiman ◽  
Dipanjan Dey ◽  
Bipul Rabha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Anopheles Minimus ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Ne India

ABSTRACTBackgroundVector borne infectious diseases affect two third of the world’s human population and cause mortality in millions each year. Malaria remains one of the major killers in the Indian sub-continent and transmitted uninterruptedly by many efficient vectors and their sibling species. In North East India (NE), Anopheles minimus has been recognized as an important vector which shares majority of malaria cases. This study primarily focuses on to recognize the presence and distribution of sibling species of An. minimus in certain endemic area of NE India.MethodsAnopheles species were collected and identified using available morphological keys. The genomic DNA was extracted from the mosquito specimen and used to perform species specific PCR (ss PCR) for molecular identification of major malaria vector An. minimus sibling speciesResultMorphological identification suggested the presence of An. minimus sl in low density in the study area. The specimen of An. minimus subjected to ss PCR confirmed the prevalence of only one sibling species namely, An. minimus A in Sialmari and Chandubi.ConclusionThough in low density, but malaria vector An. minimus is still present in certain endemic areas of NE India. The ss PCR assay employed presently suggested that An. minimus sibling species A is prevailing in the region. Presently used ss PCR assay was simpler, faster, cheaper and more readily interpreted than earlier assays. This information could be useful in understanding of current prevalence and distribution of An. minimus sibling species complex in NE region of India.

scholarly journals A satellite based study of pre-monsoon thunderstorms (Nor’westers) over eastern India and their organization into mesoscale convective complexes

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-54
Author(s):  
AJIT TYAGI ◽  
D.R SIKKA ◽  
SUMAN GOYAL ◽  
MANSI BHOWMICK
Keyword(s):  
West Bengal ◽  
India Meteorological Department ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Indian States ◽  
North East ◽  
Ne India ◽  
Mesoscale Convective ◽  
History Of ◽  
Science Community ◽  
Convective Cells

Nor’wester studies have a long history of climatological, synoptic and radar observations. These studies have been briefly mentioned and the field programs for the study of Nor’westers implemented in India Meteorological Department (IMD) from 1931-1941 have been touched upon. Indian atmospheric science community organized a multi-year STORM program during 2007-2010 to understand the formation of these severe local storms and also understand their dynamics through modeling. An attempt is made to use INSAT Infrared and Visible imageries to document the convective cells which developed over Eastern and North-East (NE) Indian states and adjoining countries of Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal for the year 2009. Also convective cells which organized themselves into Mesoscale Convective Complexes (MCCs) for the four years period 2007-2010 have been studied. It is found that by and large Eastern India (Jharkhand, Orissa, Sub Himalayan West Bengal and Bangladesh) is responsible for the initiation of convection. Development occurs as the cells propagate over the neighbouring areas of Bangladesh and NE India. Important observations with regard to initiation, maturity and dissipation etc. of the MCCs are provided. It is suggested that half hourly to hourly monitoring of convection can be accomplished by using INSAT imagery, along with multiple overlapping radar coverages, which could help in nowcasting of convective cells. Synoptic and thermodynamic forcing can help as broad guidance. The only effective way for effective warning is nowcasting using satellite and multiple radar coverage.

scholarly journals AVAILABILITY AND UTILIZATION OF LABORATORY FACILITIES IN PATIENT MANAGEMENT: A STUDY AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF NORTH EAST INDIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
J. Hazarika
Keyword(s):  
Patient Management ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
North East India ◽  
Care Services ◽  
North East ◽  
Laboratory Facilities ◽  
Major Equipment ◽  
And Control

The direct impact of diseases on the population reinforces the recognition that disease prevention and control are critical to sustainable human development. Laboratory test utilization management is the latest expression of a long trend in healthcare to control costs and improve quality. The study is designed to find out the availability and utilization of laboratory facilities in patient management along with availability of Laboratory infrastructure with use-coefficient of equipment and their implication on patient care services. Utilization of laboratory investigation revealed an increase in the number of tests during a particular month due to high patient load. Yearly utilization of laboratory investigations may follow a different trend in the utilization of laboratory tests. In this study major equipment shows user coefficient 50 or more with highest of 75.This study suggested the need of extensive study with longer period to analyze and formulate policies for effective utilization of equipment and laboratory infrastructure.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment of arbuscular mycoorhizal fungi (AMF) associated with Oroxylum indicum L. (Kurz.)- an ethno-medicinal plant of N. E. India

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1436
Author(s):  
Aatreyee Nath ◽  
Liza Handique Bhattacharyya* ◽  
Pranaba Nanda Bhattacharyya ◽  
Vipin Parkash ◽  
Bijay Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Indices ◽  
North East India ◽  
Oroxylum Indicum ◽  
North East ◽  
Environmental Selection ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Ne India ◽  
Spore Population ◽  
Fungal Associations

Oroxylum indicum L. (Kurz.) is an ethno-medicinally important plant of North East India. In the present investigation, a comparative study was conducted to assess the AM fungal associations of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz. each at two sampling locations of Jorhat district, Assam and Mon district of Nagaland, N. E. India. Comparatively higher root colonization (100±0) and maximum spore population (1239±13.4) were observed in the rhizospheric samples of Mon district, Nagaland, the region which is geographically more distinct and diverse than the other study location. The rhizospheric samples of Jorhat district showed relatively lower spore count and AM colonization. The Shannon-Weinner and Simpson diversity indices were measured as maximum (2.935 and 0.941 respectively) in samples of Mon district, Nagaland. The results of the present investigation indicated the effect of geographical variations, environmental selection as well as alterations of edaphic factors in changing the AMF populations associated with Oroxylum indicum, an ethno-medicinally important plant of NE India.

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