scholarly journals Ascorbic Acid Changes Growth of Food-Borne Pathogens in the Early Stage of Biofilm Formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 553
Author(s):  
Jana Przekwas ◽  
Natalia Wiktorczyk ◽  
Anna Budzyńska ◽  
Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska ◽  
Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowska

Since bacterial biofilm may contribute to the secondary contamination of food during the manufacturing/processing stage there is a need for new methods allowing its effective eradication. Application of food additives such as vitamin C already used in food industry as antioxidant food industry antioxidants may be a promising solution. The aim of this research was evaluation of the impact of vitamin C (ascorbic acid), in a range of concentrations 2.50 µg mL−1–25.0 mg mL−1, on biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from food. The efficacy of ascorbic acid was assessed based on the reduction of optical density (λ = 595 nm). The greatest elimination of the biofilm was achieved at the concentration of vitamin C of 25.0 mg mL−1. The effect of the vitamin C on biofilm, however, was strain dependent. The concentration of 25.0 mg mL−1 reduced 93.4%, 74.9%, and 40.5% of E. coli, L. monocytogenes, and S. aureus number, respectively. For E. coli and S. aureus lower concentrations were ineffective. In turn, for L. monocytogenes the biofilm inhibition was observed even at the concentration of 0.25 mg mL−1. The addition of vitamin C may be helpful in the elimination of bacterial biofilms. Nonetheless, some concentrations can induce growth of the pathogens, posing risk for the consumers’ health.

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Neda Aničić ◽  
Uroš Gašić ◽  
Feng Lu ◽  
Ana Ćirić ◽  
Marija Ivanov ◽  
...  

Two Balkan Peninsula endemics, Nepeta rtanjensis and N. argolica subsp. argolica, both characterized by specialized metabolite profiles predominated by iridoids and phenolics, are differentiated according to the stereochemistry of major iridoid aglycone nepetalactone (NL). For the first time, the present study provides a comparative analysis of antimicrobial and immunomodulating activities of the two Nepeta species and their major iridoids isolated from natural sources—cis,trans-NL, trans,cis-NL, and 1,5,9-epideoxyloganic acid (1,5,9-eDLA), as well as of phenolic acid rosmarinic acid (RA). Methanol extracts and pure iridoids displayed excellent antimicrobial activity against eight strains of bacteria and seven strains of fungi. They were especially potent against food-borne pathogens such as L. monocytogenes, E. coli, S. aureus, Penicillium sp., and Aspergillus sp. Targeted iridoids were efficient agents in preventing biofilm formation of resistant P. aeruginosa strain, and they displayed additive antimicrobial interaction. Iridoids are, to a great extent, responsible for the prominent antimicrobial activities of the two Nepeta species, although are probably minor contributors to the moderate immunomodulatory effects. The analyzed iridoids and RA, individually or in mixtures, have the potential to be used in the pharmaceutical industry as potent antimicrobials, and in the food industry to increase the shelf life and safety of food products.


2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 983-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D. Branston ◽  
Cristina F.R.O. Matos ◽  
Robert B. Freedman ◽  
Colin Robinson ◽  
Eli Keshavarz-Moore

Author(s):  
Sara Jarmakiewicz - Czaja ◽  
Dominika Piątek ◽  
Rafał Filip

Various types of food additives are widely used in the food industry. Due to their properties extending the usefulness for consuming food products, they give them different colours, consistency, or taste. The products are marked ‘E’ and the code is assigned to the subscription used. Many of the supplements affect human health negatively. Emulsifiers or stabilizers can lead to epithelial loads and the development of inflammation. Sucrose and other sweeteners may change the composition of the intestinal microflora and thus lead to intestinal blockage. Some additives classified as preservatives are available and may predispose to intestinal dysbiosis. Available substances belonging to food dyes may predispose to genotoxic and cytotoxic effects and cause inflammation in the intestines. Substances added to food can also cause disorders of intestinal homeostasis.


Author(s):  
Holly M. Mayton ◽  
Sharon L. Walker ◽  
Bryan W. Berger

Biofilm formation is often attributed to post-harvest bacteria persistence on fresh produce and food handling surfaces. In this study, a predicted glycosyl hydrolase enzyme was expressed, purified and validated for removal of microbial biofilms from biotic and abiotic surfaces under conditions used for chemical cleaning agents. Crystal violet biofilm staining assays revealed that 0.1 mg/mL of enzyme inhibited up to 41% of biofilm formation by E. coli O157:H7, E. coli 25922, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes. Further, the enzyme was effective at removing mature biofilms, providing a 35% improvement over rinsing with a saline solution alone. Additionally, a parallel-plate flow cell was used to directly observe and quantify the impact of enzyme rinses on E. coli O157:H7 cells adhered to spinach leaf surfaces. The presence of 1 mg/L enzyme resulted in nearly 6 times greater detachment rate coefficients than a DI water rinse, while the total cells removed from the surface increased from 10% to 25% over the 30 minute rinse time, reversing the initial phases of biofilm formation. Enzyme treatment of all 4 cell types resulted in significantly reduced cell surface hydrophobicity, and collapse of negatively stained E. coli 25922 cells imaged by electron microscopy, suggesting potential polysaccharide surface modification of enzyme-treated bacteria. Collectively, these results point to the broad substrate specificity and robustness of the enzyme to different types of biofilm stages, solution conditions and pathogen biofilm types, and may be useful as a method for removal or inhibition of bacterial biofilm formation. IMPORTANCE In this study, the ability of an engineered enzyme to reduce bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation of several foodborne pathogens was demonstrated, representing a promising option for enhancing or replacing chlorine and other chemical sanitizers in food processing applications. Specifically, significant reductions of the pathogens Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes biofilms are observed, as well as reduction in initial adhesion. Enzymes have the added benefits of being green, sustainable alternatives to chemical sanitizers, as well as having minimal impact on food properties, in contrast with many alternative antimicrobial options such as bleach that aim to minimize food safety risks.


2020 ◽  
pp. 193229682093218
Author(s):  
Brooke M. Katzman ◽  
Brandon R. Kelley ◽  
Gayle R. Deobald ◽  
Nikki K. Myhre ◽  
Sean A. Agger ◽  
...  

The use of high-dose vitamin C in cancer care has offered promising results for some patients. However, the intravenous (IV) doses used for these patients can reach concentrations that interfere with some strip-based glucose meters. We characterized the impact of vitamin C interference, from standard to the very high doses used for some cancer protocols, using three different hospital-use glucose meters. For two of the three devices tested, increasing concentrations of ascorbic acid caused false elevations in the glucose measurements. The third glucose meter did not provide inaccurate results, regardless of the vitamin C concentration present. Rather, above a certain threshold, the device generated error messages and no results could be obtained.


2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (12) ◽  
pp. 1734-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie M. Scheers ◽  
Ann-Sofie Sandberg

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) has major effects on the intestinal uptake and utilisation of Fe in humans. The objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of Fe on the acquisition of ascorbic acid. The strategy was to study the cellular uptake and transport of ascorbic acid in the presence of Fe and also to observe the expression of the Na-dependent vitamin C transporter 1 (SVCT1) protein in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. SVCT1 is involved in the cellular uptake of ascorbic acid and is therefore a candidate for playing a role in the regulation of Fe utilisation. Caco-2 cells were cultured on transmembrane inserts in a three-compartment system followed by treatment with various combinations of FeCl2·4H2O (10–20 μmol/l) and sodium ascorbate (150 μmol/l). ELISA and Western blot analyses revealed that both SVCT1 and ferritin expressions were up-regulated in the presence of ascorbic acid in the basal compartment underneath the cells (10 and 22 %, respectively). Furthermore, when cells deficient in ascorbic acid were exposed to Fe, SVCT1 expression increased significantly (23·7 %). The increase in SVCT1 expression correlated with an increase in ascorbic acid uptake (285 %) in Fe-treated cells, as indicated by the SVCT1 inhibitor quercetin. We conclude that Fe plays an important role in regulating the uptake of ascorbic acid in human intestinal Caco-2 cells. This new angle could change the conceptual thinking of Fe and ascorbic acid utilisation and assist in the treatment and prevention of ascorbic acid-deficiency syndromes such as scurvy.


Nanoscale ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (24) ◽  
pp. 15333-15342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanli Wang ◽  
Lulu Yuan ◽  
Chenjie Yao ◽  
Lin Ding ◽  
Chenchen Li ◽  
...  

We investigated the combined toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles and vitamin C (ascorbic acid). The results showed that Vc increased the cytotoxicity significantly compared with that of the ZnO only NPs.


2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (2) ◽  
pp. C451-C459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Mackenzie ◽  
Anthony C. Illing ◽  
Matthias A. Hediger

Vitamin C (l-ascorbic acid) is an essential micronutrient that serves as an antioxidant and as a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions. Intestinal absorption and renal reabsorption of the vitamin is mediated by the epithelial apical l-ascorbic acid cotransporter SVCT1 (SLC23A1). We explored the molecular mechanisms of SVCT1-mediated l-ascorbic acid transport using radiotracer and voltage-clamp techniques in RNA-injected Xenopus oocytes. l-Ascorbic acid transport was saturable ( K0.5 ≈ 70 μM), temperature dependent ( Q10 ≈ 5), and energized by the Na+ electrochemical potential gradient. We obtained a Na+-l-ascorbic acid coupling ratio of 2:1 from simultaneous measurement of currents and fluxes. l-Ascorbic acid and Na+ saturation kinetics as a function of cosubstrate concentrations revealed a simultaneous transport mechanism in which binding is ordered Na+, l-ascorbic acid, Na+. In the absence of l-ascorbic acid, SVCT1 mediated pre-steady-state currents that decayed with time constants 3–15 ms. Transients were described by single Boltzmann distributions. At 100 mM Na+, maximal charge translocation ( Qmax) was ≈25 nC, around a midpoint ( V0.5) at −9 mV, and with apparent valence ≈−1. Qmax was conserved upon progressive removal of Na+, whereas V0.5 shifted to more hyperpolarized potentials. Model simulation predicted that the pre-steady-state current predominantly results from an ion-well effect on binding of the first Na+ partway within the membrane electric field. We present a transport model for SVCT1 that will provide a framework for investigating the impact of specific mutations and polymorphisms in SLC23A1 and help us better understand the contribution of SVCT1 to vitamin C metabolism in health and disease.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawinee Kulnanan ◽  
Julalak Chuprom ◽  
Thotsapol Thomrongsuwannakij ◽  
Chonticha Romyasamit ◽  
Suthinee Sangkanu ◽  
...  

Abstract Piper betle leaves have traditionally been used to treat many diseases, including bacterial infections. The present study aimed to investigate the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-adhesion activities of P. betle extract against Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). The ethanol extract of P. betle leaves demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of APEC with MIC and MBC values ranging from 0.5-1.0 mg/mL. Disruption and breakdown of the bacterial cells were detected when the cells were challenged with the extract at 2×MIC. Bacterial cells treated with the extract demonstrated longer cells without a septum, compared to the control. The extract at 1/8, 1/4, and 1/2×MIC significantly inhibited the formation of bacterial biofilm of the isolates (P<0.05) without inhibiting growth. At 1/2×MIC, 55% of the biofilm inhibition was detected in APEC CH09, a strong biofilm producer. At 32×MIC, 88% of the inhibition of viable cells embedded in the mature biofilm was detected in APEC CH09. Reduction in the bacterial adhesion to surfaces was shown when APEC were treated with sub-MICs of the extract as observed by SEM. The results suggested potential medicinal benefits of P. betle extract for the treatment of the infection caused by Avian pathogenic E. coli.


2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 3391-3403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Da Re ◽  
Benjamin Le Quéré ◽  
Jean-Marc Ghigo ◽  
Christophe Beloin

ABSTRACT Despite the economic and sanitary problems caused by harmful biofilms, biofilms are nonetheless used empirically in industrial environmental and bioremediation processes and may be of potential use in medical settings for interfering with pathogen development. Escherichia coli is one of the bacteria with which biofilm formation has been studied in great detail, and it is especially appreciated for biotechnology applications because of its genetic amenability. Here we describe the development of two new genetic tools enabling the constitutive and inducible expression of any gene or operon of interest at its native locus. In addition to providing valuable tools for complementation and overexpression experiments, these two compact genetic cassettes were used to modulate the biofilm formation capacities of E. coli by taking control of two biofilm-promoting factors, autotransported antigen 43 adhesin and the bscABZC cellulose operon. The modulation of the biofilm formation capacities of E. coli or those of other bacteria capable of being genetically manipulated may be of use both for reducing and for improving the impact of biofilms in a number of industrial and medical applications.


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