scholarly journals Mitigating the Spread and Translocation of Salmonella Enteritidis in Experimentally Infected Broilers under the Influence of Different Flooring Housing Systems and Feed Particle Sizes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 874
Author(s):  
Marwa F. E. Ahmed ◽  
Amr Abd El-Wahab ◽  
Jan-Philip Kriewitz ◽  
Julia Hankel ◽  
Bussarakam Chuppava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Caecal Content ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
D 23 ◽  
Floor Heating ◽  
Sand Bath

This study aimed to evaluate the influences of different flooring designs and feed particle sizes on the spread of Salmonella (S.) in broiler chickens. Birds (n = 480) were allocated to four different housing systems (fully littered with and without floor heating, partially and fully slatted flooring with sand bath) and two dietary treatments (finely and coarsely ground diets) in 24 boxes. Two broilers per box were experimentally infected with S. Enteritidis (8.00 log10 CFU/bird) at d 17. Salmonella prevalence in caecal contents and the liver was highest in broilers housed on fully slatted floor until d 36/37 (88.1% and 91.5%, respectively), and lowest in litter flooring (caecal content 64.4%) and litter flooring with floor heating (liver 61.7%). In turn, broilers on littered flooring expressed the lowest Salmonella counts in caecal content at d 36/37 (2.21 ± 1.75 log10 CFU/g), partial slatted flooring the highest (3.76 ± 1.46 log10 CFU/g). The mean Salmonella count in the caecal content was significantly lower for birds fed a coarsely ground diet (0.96 and 1.94 log10 CFU/g) than a finely ground diet (5.07 and 3.34 log10 CFU/g) at d 23 and d 36/37, respectively (p < 0.0001). Slatted flooring with a sand bath did not show advantages in terms of Salmonella reduction, whereas the coarsely ground diet markedly reduced the spread of Salmonella.

scholarly journals The Effects of Feed Particle Size and Floor Type on the Growth Performance, GIT Development, and Pododermatitis in Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr Abd El-Wahab ◽  
Jan-Philip Kriewitz ◽  
Julia Hankel ◽  
Bussarakam Chuppava ◽  
Christine Ratert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Floor Heating

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of feed particle size and flooring designs on organ traits, performance and pododermatitis in broilers. A total of 480 broilers (Ross 308) of both sexes were randomly assigned to two feeding groups (finely or coarsely ground pelleted diets; with addition of 5% to 10% intact wheat in coarsely diets) and four different housing systems (litter; litter with floor heating; partially or fully slatted floor) with three subgroups each. A coarse diet increased the final gizzard and pancreas weights (p < 0.001) while decreasing the risk of Isthmus gastrici dilatation compared to a fine diet (p < 0.001). Broilers fed a coarse diet displayed an increased final body weight (p = 0.023) and led to a favourable feed conversion ratio. Final body weight was the highest (p < 0.001) for birds housed on partially or fully slatted floor. Housing birds on litter with floor heating showed the lowest pododermatitis scoring (p < 0.001). It seems to be favourable to use coarse diets for organ development, whereas slatted floors seem to foster enlargement of the Isthmus gastrici. Increasing growth performance was possible both when using coarse diets or slatted floors.

scholarly journals Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptomyces coelicolor on Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1341
Author(s):  
Sarayu Bhogoju ◽  
Collins N. Khwatenge ◽  
Thyneice Taylor-Bowden ◽  
Gabriel Akerele ◽  
Boniface M. Kimathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Lactobacillus Reuteri ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Streptomyces Coelicolor ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Wheat Middlings ◽  
Dietary Treatments

There are well documented complications associated with the continuous use of antibiotics in the poultry industry. Over the past few decades, probiotics have emerged as viable alternatives to antibiotics; however, most of these candidate probiotic microorganisms have not been fully evaluated for their effectiveness as potential probiotics for poultry. Recent evaluation of a metagenome of broiler chickens in our laboratory revealed a prevalence of Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) and Actinobacteria class of bacteria in their gastrointestinal tract. In this study Lactobacillus reuteri and Streptomyces coelicolor (S. coelicolor) were selected as probiotic bacteria, encapsulated, and added into broiler feed at a concentration of 100 mg/kg of feed. In an 8-week study, 240 one day-old chicks were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments. Three dietary treatments contained two probiotic bacteria in three different proportions (L. reuteri and S. coelicolor individually at 100 ppm, and mixture of L. reuteri and S. coelicolor at 50 ppm each). The fourth treatment had no probiotic bacteria and it functioned as the control diet. L. reuteri and S. coelicolor were added to the feed by using wheat middlings as a carrier at a concentration of 100 ppm (100 mg/kg). Chickens fed diets containing L. reuteri and S. coelicolor mixture showed 2% improvement in body weight gain, 7% decrease in feed consumption, and 6–7% decrease in feed conversion ratios. This research suggests that L. reuteri and S. coelicolor have the potential to constitute probiotics in chickens combined or separately, depending on the desired selection of performance index.

scholarly journals Optical Characterization of Alternaria spp. Contaminated Wheat Grain and Its Influence in Early Broilers Nutrition on Oxidative Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4005
Author(s):  
Nikola Puvača ◽  
Snežana Tanasković ◽  
Vojislava Bursić ◽  
Aleksandra Petrović ◽  
Jordan Merkuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Color Properties ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The aim of this research was the visual characterization and investigating the effects of Alternaria spp. contaminated wheat grains in the starter stage of broilers nutrition on productive parameters and oxidative stress. The research was divided into two phases. Bunches of wheat in post-harvest period of year 2020 was collected from a various locality in Serbia and Albania. In the first phase, collected samples were visual characterized by Alternaria spp. presence by color measurement methods. Gained results are conferred in the range of the color properties of grain color properties of Alternaria toxins. Wheat grain samples were significantly different (p < 0.05) in terms of all measured color parameters (L*, a*, b*). Classification of field fungi in analyzed wheat grain samples showed that the significant field fungi were Rhizopus spp., followed by Alternaria spp., and Fusarium spp. In the second phase, biological tests with chickens were carried out during the broiler chickens’ dietary starter period in the first 14th days of age. At the beginning of the experiment, a total of 180-day-old Ross 308 strain broilers were equally distributed into three dietary treatments, with four replicates each. Dietary treatments in the experiments were as follows: basal diet without visual contamination of Alternaria spp. with 25% wheat (A1), a basal diet with visual contamination of Alternaria spp. with 25% wheat from Serbia (A2), basal diet with visual contamination of Alternaria spp. with 25% wheat from Albania (A3). The trial with chickens lasted for 14 days. After the first experimental week, wheat infected with Alternaria spp. in treatment A2 and A3 expressed adverse effects. The highest body weight of chickens of 140.40 g was recorded in broilers on control treatment A1 with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) compared to treatments A2 (137.32 g) and A3 (135.35 g). At the end of the second week of test period, a statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference in body weight of broiler chickens could be noticed. The highest body weight of 352.68 g was recorded in control treatment A1, with statistically significant differences compared to other Alternaria spp. treatments. The lowest body weight of chickens was recorded in treatment A3 (335.93 g). Results of feed consumption and feed conversion ratio showed some numerical differences between treatments but without any statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). Alternaria spp. contaminated diet increased glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and decreased peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) serum levels, respectively. Built on the achieved results, it can be concluded that the wheat contaminated with Alternaria spp. in broilers nutrition negatively affected growth, decreased oxidative protection and interrupted chicken welfare in the first period of life.

Effect of an acidifier as replacement for antibiotics on the performance and gut morphology of broilers

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
BA Makanjuola ◽  
OO Obi ◽  
TO Olorungbohunmi ◽  
OA Morakinyo ◽  
BA Boladuro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Gut Morphology ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Small Intestines ◽  
Dietary Treatments

An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of an acidifier as an alternative to antibiotics on the performance and gut morphology of broiler chickens. One hundred and eighty (180) 7-day old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments of 4 replicates each. Each replicate had 15 birds. The diets fed to the birds were: Treatment 1- diet with neither antibiotic nor acidifier; Treatment 2- diet with antibiotic and Treatment 3- diet with acidifier. The antibiotic used was Enrofloxacin which was administered to the birds on Treatment 2 via their drinking water while the acidifier used was Biotronic SE (a combination of propionic and formic acids) which was added to the diet of birds on Treatment 3 at the rate of 4kg/tonne of feed. The experiment lasted 42 days. No significant differences were observed in the feed intake, final weight and weight gain of the birds on the different diets. Significant differences were however observed in the villus height in the duodenum and ileum of the birds. The crypt depth values in the different segments of the small intestines of the birds were not significantly affected by the different treatments.Key words: Organic acids, Biotronic SE, Enrofloxacin, Crypt, villus.

Quality of the carcass and organs of chicken fed with two different insects meals

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-274
Author(s):  
M.I. Amobi ◽  
C.I. Ebenebe
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The influence of insect protein origins on broiler chicken meat parameters were studied using 135 day old Arbor acre birds subjected to three dietary treatments: Diet A comprised of a standard feed of the brand name ‘vital feed’ containing fishmeal as the major protein source (control), while Diet B and Diet C contained insect meal from African palm weevil larvae (Rhynchophorus phoenicis), respectively, winged termite (Macrotermes bellicosus) as replacement for fishmeal. Forty five broiler chicks were randomly assigned to each of the dietary treatments at the rate of fifteen chicks per replicate making three replicates per treatment in a completely randomised design. The experiment lasted for eight weeks. During this period, the birds were housed in similar cages and subjected to similar husbandry and sanitation practices, such that the only source of variation was the dietary treatments. After eight weeks of the experiment, carcass quality and organ weight measurements were analysed using appropriate statistical analysis. The result obtained showed that the broiler chickens fed insect meals performed significantly (P<0.05) better in terms of live weight gain (2,200.85±64.23 g and 2,046±58.40 g for Diet B and Diet C) compared to control. Carcass quality relating to defeathered weight and eviscerated weight also followed a similar trend with Diet B (2,187.74±62.72 g and 1,788.93±70.70 g), Diet C (2,015.83±74.62 g and 1,466.97±100.05 g), and Diet A (control; 1,526.47±47.40 g and 1,240.30±64.53 g). The records of cut-up parts and organ weight measurements were also significantly different (P<0.05) for the birds on insect meal (Diet B and Diet C) than those on fishmeal based diet (Diet A). The result showed that insect meal can effectively serve as a major source of protein in poultry feed formulation.

Prevention of colonization by Salmonella enteritidis PT4 in broiler chickens

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 313-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Bolder ◽  
L.A.J.T. van Lith ◽  
F.F. Putirulan ◽  
W.F. Jacobs-Reitsma ◽  
R.W.A.W. Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis

Incidence of Salmonella, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Listeria monocytogenes in Poultry Carcasses and Different Types of Poultry Products for Sale on the Belgian Retail Market

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 735-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. UYTTENDAELE ◽  
P. DE TROY ◽  
J. DEBEVERE
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Retail Market ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Poultry Products

From January 1997 to May 1998, 772 samples of poultry carcasses and poultry products for sale on the retail market in Belgium were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella spp., Salmonella Enteritidis, Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli, and Listeria monocytogenes per 100 cm2 or 25 g. Poultry samples were contaminated with Salmonella (36.5%), C. jejuni and C. coli (28.5%), and L. monocytogenes (38.2%). In about 12.3% of the poultry samples, the L. monocytogenes contamination level exceeded 1 CFU per g or cm2. Significant differences in pathogen contamination rates of poultry products were noticed between the poultry products originating from Belgian, French, and U.K. abattoirs. Poultry products derived from broiler chickens running free in pine woods until slaughtering age (12 to 13 weeks) had a significantly (P &lt; 0.05) lower contamination rate of Salmonella than poultry products from enclosed broilers slaughtered at the age of 6 to 8 weeks. A significantly (P &lt; 0.05) lower pathogen contamination rate was noted for Salmonella, C. jejuni, and C. coli for poultry cuts without skin compared to poultry cuts with skin on. An increase in pathogen contamination rate was noticed during cutting and further processing. To diminish C. jejuni, C. coli, Salmonella, and L. monocytogenes contamination rates, hygienic rules of slaughter and meat processing must be rigorously observed. At the moment, zero tolerance for these pathogens is not feasible, and there is a need to establish criteria allowing these pathogens to be present at reasonable levels in the examined poultry samples.

Synthesis and Properties of Fe3O4 Ferrofluids with Narrow Particle Size Distribution

2011 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 575-579
Author(s):  
Jian Hui Zhang ◽  
Hai Bo Sun
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Narrow Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Bingham Plastic ◽  
Plastic Fluid ◽  
Form Model ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Inference Theory

Fe3O4 ferrofluids with uniform magnetic particles were prepared via improved chemical coprecipation technique. A narrow distribution of 8.6-10.8 nm particle sizes was obtained from the magnetization curve using the free-form-model based on Bayesian inference theory. The mean particle diameter about 9.8 nm is consistent with the XRD and SEM results. The hydrodynamic properties of ferrofluids were investigated with different applied magnetic field and shear rate. The experimental results show that diluted ferrofluid and concentrated ferrofluid are Newtonian-fluid and Bingham-plastic fluid, respectively.

scholarly journals Mechanical properties of microwave sintered Si3N4-based ceramics

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.I. Getman ◽  
V.V. Holoptsev ◽  
V.V. Panichkina ◽  
I.V. Plotnikov ◽  
V.K. Soolshenko
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Phase Measurements ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean

The mechanical properties and microstructure formation processes in Si3N4+3% AI2O3+5% Y2O3(Yb2O3) ceramic compacts sintered under microwave heating (MWH) and under traditional heating (TH) were investigated. The initial ceramic materials were powder blends of silicon nitride with oxides. The mean powder particle sizes were 0.5-1.0 mim. The content of alfa-phase in the Si3N4 powder was more than 95 %. The samples were sintered at 1800BC in nitrogen at normal pressure, the heating rate in all experiments was 60BC/min. The Vickers hardness (HV), fracture toughness (K1C) and bending strength (on) were determined. The microstructures of fracture surfaces of samples were studied by SEM. Quantitative microstructure analysis was carried out. It was shown that the values of HV and Kic of ceramic samples sintered under MWH at 1800BC rose steadily with the sintering time. This caused an increase in density, which reached maximum as fast as after 30 min of the MWH sintering; the mass loss at that time amounted to 3-4 %. The porosity of sintered samples with an addition of yttria was less than 1 %, that of ytterbia was greater, 2.4 %. For similar values of relative density, the hardness and fracture toughness of ceramic samples produced under MWH were higher as compared with those of samples sintered under TH. The microstructure of samples had the form of elongated grains in a matrix of polyhedral grains of the beta-Si3N4 phase. Measurements showed the mean size of grains in samples produced by MWH to be greater that in samples produced by TH. A larger number of elongated grains were formed. It was concluded that for sintering under MWH of Si3N4-based ceramics the growth of elongated beta-Si3N4 grains and formation of a "reinforced" microstructure were promoted and thereby improved the mechanical properties of such ceramics.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document