scholarly journals Effects of Magnesium Oxide and Magnesium Hydroxide Microparticle Foliar Treatment on Tomato PR Gene Expression and Leaf Microbiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1217
Author(s):  
Aggeliki Andreadelli ◽  
Spyros Petrakis ◽  
Antiopi Tsoureki ◽  
George Tsiolas ◽  
Sofia Michailidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Hydroxide ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Gene Response ◽  
Fungal Load ◽  
Nano Grains ◽  
Stress Gene ◽  
Pr Gene Expression

Recently, metal oxides and magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles (NPs) with high surface-to-volume ratios were shown to possess antibacterial properties with applications in biomedicine and agriculture. To assess recent observations from field trials on tomatoes showing resistance to pathogen attacks, porous micron-scale particles composed of nano-grains of MgO were hydrated and sprayed on the leaves of healthy tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants in a 20-day program. The results showed that the spray induced (a) a modest and selective stress gene response that was consistent with the absence of phytotoxicity and the production of salicylic acid as a signalling response to pathogens; (b) a shift of the phylloplane microbiota from near 100% dominance by Gram (−) bacteria, leaving extremophiles and cyanobacteria to cover the void; and (c) a response of the fungal leaf phylloplane that showed that the leaf epiphytome was unchanged but the fungal load was reduced by about 70%. The direct microbiome changes together with the low level priming of the plant’s immune system may explain the previously observed resistance to pathogen assaults in field tomato plants sprayed with the same hydrated porous micron-scale particles.

scholarly journals Porous ZnO/2–Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate Eluting Coatings for Ureteral Stent Applications

Coatings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Marco Laurenti ◽  
Marta Grochowicz ◽  
Valentina Cauda
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Drug Eluting Stent ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Future Drug ◽  
Drug Eluting ◽  
Polymer Infiltration

High-surface-area porous coatings represent an interesting option to fabricate eluting stents with additional functionalities, as controlled drug delivery and antibacterial resistance properties. ZnO is a biocompatible material available in various high-surface-area morphologies, with promising antibacterial properties. Hydrophilic 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) polymers (pHEMA) have been widely investigated for their biomedical applications, thanks to their biocompatibility, absence of toxicity, and tunable swelling properties. This work aims to demonstrate the use of porous ZnO/polymer bilayer coatings for future drug eluting stent applications. Sputtered mesoporous ZnO layers were coated with pHEMA and p(HEMA-co-acrylic acid (AA)) films through vacuum infiltration and drop-casting methods. The last approach was found to be the most suitable one for achieving a good polymer infiltration within the ZnO matrix and to avoid the mechanical detachment of the porous film from the substrate. The corresponding release properties were evaluated by loading a fluorescent dye in the host ZnO matrix, before drop-casting the polymer coating. For pure ZnO, the release of the dye was completed after 2 h. For ZnO/pHEMA, the sustained release of the molecule was achieved with only 30% released after 2 h and 100% released after seven days. In this case, the pH-triggered delivery properties were also demonstrated by switching from neutral to acidic pH conditions. No significant changes were obtained for the ZnO/p(HEMA-co-AA) system, which exhibited a faster swelling behavior and a release profile similar to pure ZnO.

Alternative hosts and the epidemiology of potato leafroll virus in Queensland.

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Potato Virus Y ◽  
Certified Seed ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Potato Leafroll Virus ◽  
Trial Site ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Solanum Americanum ◽  
Leafroll Virus ◽  
Potato Crops ◽  
Nicandra Physalodes

Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) was the most frequently detected virus in potato crops grown at a trial site in the Lockyer Valley. Queensland. Levels of infection with PLRV were significantly higher in autumn crops grown from one-off certified (saved) seed (maximum 51%) than in crops grown directly from certified seed (maximum 6%). Potato viruses S and X were very uncommon (maximum incidence each of 1%) and potato virus Y was not detected in these crops. Tomato, Nicandra physalodes and Physalis sp. were identified as field hosts of PLRV in Queensland and, additionally, Stachys aruensis (Labiatae), Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana tabacum and Solanum americanum (Solanaceae) were shown to be experimental hosts. In field trials in the Lockyer Valley and the Redlands district, PLRV was detected in 45-65% of symptomless tomato plants growing within 300 m of the nearest source of PLRV-infected potatoes. Virus levels were lower in the leaves of potato cv. Pontiac than in those of cvv. Bison and Sebago 5 weeks after primary (aphid-borne) infection, but these differences were no longer apparent after 11 weeks. Four weeks after emergence, virus levels in cv. Bison were markedly higher than in cvv. Pontiac and Sebago in plants with secondary (tuber-borne) infection. After 9 weeks, virus levels in all cultivars were similar and were greater in lower than in upper leaves.

Effects of Intercropping, Mulching and Staking on Growth and Yield of Tomatoes

1985 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. O. Olasantan
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Improved Varieties ◽  
Local Variety ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

SUMMARYThe effects of intercropping, mulching and staking on growth and yield of three tomato varieties were evaluated in four field trials in 1982 and 1983. Fruit yields of the improved varieties were significantly reduced by intercropping with okra but the yield of a local variety was unaffected. Though the yield of okra when grown with tomato varieties was less than that of a sole crop, the combined yield of the two crops in mixtures was more than the means of the species in monoculture. Relative Yield Totals (RYT) increased to maxima of about 1.42 and 1.39 when the local variety was grown with okra in 1982 and 1983 trials, respectively. Mulching and staking significantly increased vegetative growth, yield and yield components of the tomato plants. Mulched plants grew taller and had more branches and a greater number and weight of fruits than staked plants. Improved varieties responded better to mulching and staking than the local variety. Growing improved varieties of tomato in sole stands with proper mulching and staking is therefore recommended.

scholarly journals Selectivity of herbicide oxadiazon to processing tomato and control of American black nightshade plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Núbia Maria Correia
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
American Black

ABSTRACT American black nightshade (Solanum americanum) is one of the main weeds for tomato crops. However, no herbicide approved for this crop in Brazil is effective for the control of this species and selective to tomato plants. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the selectivity of the herbicide oxadiazon to plants of three processing tomato hybrids and the control of American black nightshade plants. Four trials were installed: one under greenhouse and three under field conditions. The greenhouse trial was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications, using a 2x5 factorial arrangement consisting of preemergence and postemergence applications of five oxadiazon rates (75, 125, 250, 375, and 500 g ha-1) to control American black nightshade plants, and two control treatments without herbicide application. The field trials were conducted in a randomized blocks design with four replications on commercial production areas in the municipality of Cristalina-GO, Brazil. The tomato hybrids tested were Acangata 9992, H-9553, and HMX 7885, one in each trial. The treatments consisted of application of five oxadiazon rates (125, 250, 375, 500, and 625 g ha-1) at pre-planting of the tomato seedlings, and a control treatment without herbicide application. The application of oxadiazon in preemergence, in the greenhouse, was more efficient for controlling American black nightshade plants under greenhouse conditions than the application on plants with 2-3 leaves. However, the weed control was satisfactory (>90%) when rates up to 246 g ha-1 were used, in both application times. The herbicide application caused no visual injuries to tomato plants under field conditions, and had no negative effect on fruit yield. Therefore, the herbicide oxadiazon was highly selective to the three processing tomato hybrids when applied at pre-planting, using rates of up to 625 g ha-1. The herbicide presented excellent control of American black nightshade plants, using rates from 125 to 371 g ha-1.

scholarly journals Crop signal markers facilitate crop detection and weed removal from lettuce and tomato by an intelligent cultivator

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
HannahJoy Kennedy ◽  
Steven A. Fennimore ◽  
David C. Slaughter ◽  
Thuy T. Nguyen ◽  
Vivian L. Vuong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Vegetable Crop ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Herbicide Use

AbstractIncreasing weed control costs and limited herbicide options threaten vegetable crop profitability. Traditional interrow mechanical cultivation is very effective at removing weeds between crop rows. However, weed control within the crop rows is necessary to establish the crop and prevent yield loss. Currently, many vegetable crops require hand weeding to remove weeds within the row that remain after traditional cultivation and herbicide use. Intelligent cultivators have come into commercial use to remove intrarow weeds and reduce cost of hand weeding. Intelligent cultivators currently on the market such as the Robovator, use pattern recognition to detect the crop row. These cultivators do not differentiate crops and weeds and do not work well among high weed populations. One approach to differentiate weeds is to place a machine-detectable mark or signal on the crop (i.e., the crop has the mark and the weed does not), thereby facilitating weed/crop differentiation. Lettuce and tomato plants were marked with labels and topical markers, then cultivated with an intelligent cultivator programmed to identify the markers. Results from field trials in marked tomato and lettuce found that the intelligent cultivator removed 90% more weeds from tomato and 66% more weeds from lettuce than standard cultivators without reducing yields. Accurate crop and weed differentiation described here resulted in a 45% to 48% reduction in hand-weeding time per hectare.

Gene Expression Analysis of Photoreceptor Cell Loss inBbs4-Knockout Mice Reveals an Early Stress Gene Response and Photoreceptor Cell Damage

2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 3329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth E. Swiderski ◽  
Darryl Y. Nishimura ◽  
Robert F. Mullins ◽  
Marissa A. Olvera ◽  
Jean L. Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Photoreceptor Cell ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Early Stress ◽  
Gene Response ◽  
Stress Gene

scholarly journals Robust CTCF-Based Chromatin Architecture Underpins Epigenetic Changes in the Heart Failure Stress–Gene Response

Circulation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 139 (16) ◽  
pp. 1937-1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Paul Lee ◽  
Wilson Lek Wen Tan ◽  
Chukwuemeka George Anene-Nzelu ◽  
Chang Jie Mick Lee ◽  
Peter Yiqing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Failure Stress ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Chromatin Architecture ◽  
Gene Response ◽  
Stress Gene

scholarly journals Fabrication of Gelatin-ZnO Nanofibers for Antibacterial Applications

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Nataliya Babayevska ◽  
Łucja Przysiecka ◽  
Grzegorz Nowaczyk ◽  
Marcin Jarek ◽  
Martin Järvekülg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Electron Microscopies

In this study, GNF@ZnO composites (gelatin nanofibers (GNF) with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs)) as a novel antibacterial agent were obtained using a wet chemistry approach. The physicochemical characterization of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and GNF@ZnO composites, as well as the evaluation of their antibacterial activity toward Gram-positive (Staphyloccocus aureus and Bacillus pumilus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas fluorescens) bacteria were performed. ZnO NPs were synthesized using a facile sol-gel approach. Gelatin nanofibers (GNF) were obtained by an electrospinning technique. GNF@ZnO composites were obtained by adding previously produced GNF into a Zn2+ methanol solution during ZnO NPs synthesis. Crystal structure, phase, and elemental compositions, morphology, as well as photoluminescent properties of pristine ZnO NPs, pristine GNF, and GNF@ZnO composites were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR analysis, transmission and scanning electron microscopies (TEM/SEM), and photoluminescence spectroscopy. SEM, EDX, as well as FTIR analyses, confirmed the adsorption of ZnO NPs on the GNF surface. The pristine ZnO NPs were highly crystalline and monodispersed with a size of approximately 7 nm and had a high surface area (83 m2/g). The thickness of the pristine gelatin nanofiber was around 1 µm. The antibacterial properties of GNF@ZnO composites were investigated by a disk diffusion assay on agar plates. Results show that both pristine ZnO NPs and their GNF-based composites have the strongest antibacterial properties against Pseudomonas fluorescence and Staphylococcus aureus, with the zone of inhibition above 10 mm. Right behind them is Escherichia coli with slightly less inhibition of bacterial growth. These properties of GNF@ZnO composites suggest their suitability for a range of antimicrobial uses, such as in the food industry or in biomedical applications.

scholarly journals Host Range and Phylogeny of Fusarium solani f. sp. eumartii from Potato and Tomato in California

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 585-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Romberg ◽  
R. M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Collar Rot ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Elongation Factor 1

Fusarium solani f. sp. eumartii, historically considered solely a pathogen of potato (Solanum tuberosum), was associated with tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum) exhibiting foot rot symptoms in California. The pathogenicity of California isolates of F. solani f. sp. eumartii from potato plants with Eumartii wilt symptoms and tomato plants with foot rot symptoms was determined on potato, tomato, pepper (Capsicum anuum), and eggplant (S. melongena). Isolates from both potato and tomato caused dry rot symptoms on potato tubers and root or collar rot on all four host species in the greenhouse. In field trials, isolates from both tomato and potato were pathogenic on tomato, potato, and pepper, confirming that the host range of F. solani f. sp. eumartii is not limited to potato. The phylogeny of isolates from potato and tomato was determined based on sequences of two DNA fragments: rDNA internal transcribed spacer regions and partial sequences of elongation factor 1-α. All of the California isolates of F. solani f. sp eumartii from tomato and potato formed a single monophyletic clade distinct from other formae speciales and mating populations of F. solani. The results of this study demonstrate that Eumartii wilt and tomato foot rot in California both are caused by F. solani f. sp. eumartii.

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