scholarly journals Selectivity of herbicide oxadiazon to processing tomato and control of American black nightshade plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Núbia Maria Correia
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
American Black

ABSTRACT American black nightshade (Solanum americanum) is one of the main weeds for tomato crops. However, no herbicide approved for this crop in Brazil is effective for the control of this species and selective to tomato plants. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the selectivity of the herbicide oxadiazon to plants of three processing tomato hybrids and the control of American black nightshade plants. Four trials were installed: one under greenhouse and three under field conditions. The greenhouse trial was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications, using a 2x5 factorial arrangement consisting of preemergence and postemergence applications of five oxadiazon rates (75, 125, 250, 375, and 500 g ha-1) to control American black nightshade plants, and two control treatments without herbicide application. The field trials were conducted in a randomized blocks design with four replications on commercial production areas in the municipality of Cristalina-GO, Brazil. The tomato hybrids tested were Acangata 9992, H-9553, and HMX 7885, one in each trial. The treatments consisted of application of five oxadiazon rates (125, 250, 375, 500, and 625 g ha-1) at pre-planting of the tomato seedlings, and a control treatment without herbicide application. The application of oxadiazon in preemergence, in the greenhouse, was more efficient for controlling American black nightshade plants under greenhouse conditions than the application on plants with 2-3 leaves. However, the weed control was satisfactory (>90%) when rates up to 246 g ha-1 were used, in both application times. The herbicide application caused no visual injuries to tomato plants under field conditions, and had no negative effect on fruit yield. Therefore, the herbicide oxadiazon was highly selective to the three processing tomato hybrids when applied at pre-planting, using rates of up to 625 g ha-1. The herbicide presented excellent control of American black nightshade plants, using rates from 125 to 371 g ha-1.

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Cultivar and Weed Sensitivity to DPX-E9636

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Bewick ◽  
Kenneth Smith ◽  
William M. Stall ◽  
Steven M. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Application Method ◽  
American Black ◽  
Tomato Cultivars

Sensitivity of 49 tomato cultivars and four weeds to DPX-E9636 was determined in greenhouse experiments. Cultivar tolerance varied from completely tolerant to intolerant. The most efficacious application method in greenhouse experiments was early POST for the weeds tested (yellow nutsedge, prostrate eclipta, and paraquat-resistant and -sensitive American black nightshade). Paraquat-resistant American black nightshade was 123 times more sensitive to DPX-E9636 than the paraquat-sensitive biotype. Under field conditions and at 0, 36, or 72 g ai/ha applied one week after transplanting, tomato cultivars showed no response to DPX-E9636 in visual vigor ratings 3 wk treatment, or in shoot fresh or dry weight 4 wk after treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of Sulphur on Plant Growth & Defense System Against Salinity Stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Saima Ibrahim ◽  
Faiza Naz
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Botany Department ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Negative Effect

The given investigation was undertaken to evaluate the performance of black gram (vigna mungo L.) under different salinity levels (i.e. 50mM, 100mM and 150mM NaCl) and to find out the remedial effect of two doses of S (i.e. 2mM and 4mM) against salinity stress on growth of studied crop by providing tolerance against salinity stress. The experiment was carried out in Botany department, Jinnah University for women, Nazimabad, Karachi, in controlled laboratory condition by using plate culture technique followed as completely randomized design with three replication of each treatment. The observation of given research showed that the percentages of shoot and root length and Fresh and dry seedling weights were higher in control treatment. The low (50mM NaCl) level of salinity treatment had no deleterious effects on plant vegetative growth, while at higher concentration of NaCl (100mM), all the growth parameters were drastically reduced. Both application rates of MgSO4 were found satisfactory to eliminate the negative effect of saline environment inside rhizosphere by promoting plant tolerance against stress thus support treated plants growth and development.

scholarly journals Effect of Biocyclic Humus Soil on Yield and Quality Parameters of Processing Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Lydia Dorothea EISENBACH ◽  
Antigolena FOLINA ◽  
Charikleia ZISI ◽  
Ioannis ROUSSIS ◽  
Ioanna TABAXI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Processing Tomato ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Humus Soil

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of biocyclic humus soil, a newly found apparently carbon stabilized form of organic matter with significantly different characteristics from common composts or other forms of organic matter (humus), on yield and quality of processing tomato. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replications and three fertilization treatments (untreated, inorganic fertilizer and biocyclic humus soil). The highest fruit yield (116.8 t/ha) was obtained by using biocyclic humus soil. There were no treatment effects on fruit firmness (4.34-4.60 kg/cm2), total soluble solids (4.29-4.76 °Brix) and total acidity (0.25-0.31 g citric acid/100 g fruit) content of fruits. In conclusion, the tomato plants grown in biocyclic humus soil had 45% more yield than in conventional plots, and this big difference is probably related to the fact that the humus soil as a substrate provides an optimum environment for plant growth.

Alternatives for Control of Paraquat Tolerant American Black Nightshade (Solanum americana)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Bewick ◽  
William M. Stall ◽  
Stephen R. Kostewicz ◽  
Kenneth Smith
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Metal Chelator ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
American Black

Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to identify alternative herbicide treatments for the control of a biotype of American black nightshade which has been shown to tolerate paraquat. In greenhouse experiments the combination of paraquat and the metal chelator diethyldithiocarbamate at either 1% w/v or 3% w/v, and diquat alone significantly lowered I50values, based on dry weight, when compared with paraquat alone. None of these treatments provided acceptable control (>90%) in field experiments. Treatments that controlled American black nightshade under field conditions were: monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate at 9 kg ai ha-1, monocarbamide dihydrogensulfate at 9 kg ha-1+ paraquat at 0.6 kg ha-1, lactofen at 0.6 kg ha-1, oxyfluorfen at 0.6 kg ha-1, and acifluorfen at 0.6 kg ha-1. Addition of tridiphane at 1.7 kg ha-1to paraquat at 0.6 kg ha-1did not improve control of American black nightshade under field conditions.

scholarly journals Giving Effect Trichoderma sp. In Tomato Plant To Production Factors

AGRIFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Sopialena Sopialena
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Mushroom Culture

Research on the effect of Trichoderma sp. In tomato plants on the factors of production is a study carried out for 4 months starting from June to October 2017. The research was carried out at the Green House of the Faculty of Agriculture, Mulawarman University, Samarinda.This research was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with each treatment repeated 3 times. The treatment is Po: Without Trichoderma sp. / Control treatment; P1: 25 g culture of Trichoderma sp. per polybag; P2: 30 g of mushroom culture Trichoderma sp. per polybag; P3: 35 g of mushroom culture Trichoderma sp. Per polybag; and P4: 40 g culture of Trichoderma sp. per polybag As the second factor, tomato varieties include V1: Lentana; V2: Permata and V3: Ratna. The data observed included the number of planting fruit (calculated from the first harvest to the last harvest for each crop); Average diameter of planting fruit and. The average weight of fresh fruit plantations.The results showed that the dose of 40g Trichoderma sp. most effective in controlling F. oxysporum wilt disease on tomato plants, which can increase tomato crop production by 293.48 g. Variety treatment was not significantly different from all treatments. So that there is no interaction between Trichoderma sp. and tomato varieties.

scholarly journals Effect of Indole Acetic Acid and Boron on the Nutrient Contents of Summer Tomato Cultivar Bina Tomato-3

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Munmun Saha ◽  
Md. Abul Khair Chowdhury ◽  
Md. Akhter Hossain Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Tomato Fruits ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Agricultural Chemistry ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

A pot experiment was carried out with tomato variety BINA Tomato-3 in the net house of the Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh from March to August, 2010 to study the effect of Indole Acetic Acid(IAA) and Boron(B) on the nutrient contents of BINA Tomato-3. There were four doses of IAA viz. 0, 20, 40 and 60 ppm and B viz. 0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 kg ha-1. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications. The result revealed that nutrient contents of tomato fruits and plants such as N, P, Ca, Mg and B were significantly influenced by the application of IAA and B. The highest N (0.70%), Ca (0.69%), Mg (0.80%) in tomato fruits and highest N (0.40%), Ca (0.93%), Mg (0.90%) in tomato plants  were obtained in 60 ppm IAA along with 2.0 kg B ha-1 and the lowest was obtained in the control treatment. In tomato fruits the highest P (0.41%) was found in IAA40B2.0 treatment, while the lowest P (0.18%) was recorded in IAA0B0.0. The lowest B (4.55µgg-1) was recorded in control, while the highest B (15.72µgg-1) was found in IAA20B2.0in tomato fruits. In tomato plants the highest P (0.34%) was recorded in IAA60B1.5 and the lowest P (0.20%) was found in control. The lowest B (4.15µgg-1) was recorded in IAA0B0.0, while the highest B(13.33µgg-1) was found in IAA40B2.0 in tomato plants. The overall results suggest that treatment IAA60B2.0 was the best from other treatments.

Critical Period of Interference between American Black Nightshade and Triploid Watermelon

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua I. Adkins ◽  
William M. Stall ◽  
Bielinski M. Santos ◽  
Stephen M. Olson ◽  
Jason A. Ferrell
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Maximum Period ◽  
American Black ◽  
Triploid Watermelon

Field trials were conducted in the spring of 2007 and 2008 to investigate the critical period of interference between American black nightshade and triploid watermelon. To determine the critical period, the maximum period of competition and minimum weed-free period were examined. American black nightshade (2 plants m−2) was established into watermelon plots at watermelon transplanting and removed at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wk after transplanting to determine the maximum period of competition. American black nightshade (2 plants m−2) was established into watermelon plots at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wk after transplanting and remained until watermelon harvest to determine the minimum weed-free period. To avoid yield loss from exceeding 10% of a crop grown weed-free, the maximum period of competition and minimum weed-free period were found to be 3.9 and 3.6 weeks after transplanting, respectively. Therefore, if American black nightshade is controlled at any time during the critical period of 3.6 to 3.9 wk after transplanting, yield loss should not exceed 10% of a crop grown weed-free.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Endogenous Satellite Expression to Confer Resistance to CMV in Satellite Transgenic Tomato under Field Conditions

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 569c-569
Author(s):  
John R. Stommel ◽  
Marie E. Tousignant ◽  
Thanda Wai ◽  
Jacobus M. Kaper
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Transgenic Tomato ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Test Plot ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Transgenic Tomato Plants ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Crop Disease

Viral satellite RNA associated with cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is know to modulate CMV symptomology. Virulent CMV associated RNA 5 (CARNA 5) satellites may intensify crop disease. Naturally occurring variants of these satellites, however, attenuate CMV symptoms. Satellite transgenic tomato plants expressing the S-CARNA 5 or 1-CARNA 5 ameliorating forms of the satellite were evaluated under simulated CMV epidemic conditions in USDA–APHIS approved field trials. Trials conducted at Beltsville, Md., in 1994 and 1995 demonstrated that CMV can be effectively controlled under field conditions in satellite transgenic plants. Yields of transgenic lines infected with CMV were 50%–65% greater than that of non-transgenic infected controls. Yields of noninfected transgenic lines ranged from 5% greater than, to 33% less than, noninfected nontransgenic controls. Expression of CARNA 5 in inoculated transgenic plants greatly reduced CMV foliar symptoms and virus titers when compared to inoculated control plants. Levels of CARNA 5 were detected at varying levels in infected transgenic plants throughout the growing season. Virus or satellite was not detected in samples collected from tomato border plants and weeds growing inside and outside a nonhost crop border surrounding the test plot. Field tests conducted in 1996 will evaluate transgenic tomato plants with a double construct coding for the CMV coat protein gene and 1-CARNA 5 satellite.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the Ageratum (Ageratum conyzoides) Leaf Extract as Botanical Fungicide Against Twisted Disease of Shallot

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Rianosa Rianosa ◽  
Hartal Hartal ◽  
Setyowati Setyowati
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Ageratum Conyzoides ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
And Control

Rianosa R, Hartal H, Setyowati N. 2020. Effectiveness of the Ageratum (Ageratum conyzoides) leaf extract as botanical fungicide against moler diseases of shallot. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal: Journal of Suboptimal Lands 9(1): 1-10.  Moler is a major disease of onion caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae. Application of synthetic fungicides in the long-term has a negative effect to the environment. Weed leaves of Ageratum (Ageratum conyzoides) have potential to be an anti-fungal, anti-bacterial as well as anti-cancer. This study aimed to determine the best concentration of Ageratum leaf extract to control twisted disease and to compare the effectiveness of botanical fungicide and synthetic fungicide. The research was conducted in June - September 2018 at the Plant Protection Laboratory and greenhouse, University of Bengkulu. The experiment was consists of five Ageratum leaf extract concentrations as a botanical fungicide (i.e. 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%), and synthetic fungicide namely mancozeb and metil tiofanat and control treatment (in sterile soil with no fungicide treatment). The experiment used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single factor. Ageratum leaf extract was obtained through the maceration method using ethanol 96%. The application of fungicide was carried out on shallot bulbs before planting. The results showed botanical fungicides from Ageratum leaf extract were effective against twisted disease of shallots, concentration 4% of Ageratum leaf extract resulted in a longer incubation period and lower disease intensity compared to other concentrations, and the effectiveness of Ageratum leaf extract at a concentration of 4% was comparable to that of mancozeb to control twisted disease. Application of both synthetic and botanical fungicide resulted in a higher yield of shallot. Therefore, Ageratum leaf extract has potential as a substitution of synthetic fungicides to control twisted disease of shallots.

scholarly journals Development of Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) Roots in Every Growth Stage In Flooding Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Rabiatul Jannah ◽  
Julianthy Diana Natalia ◽  
Odit Ferry Kurniadinata
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Flooding is a natural phenomenon that often occurs in the rainy season arrives with high rainfall. This phenomenon give an effect to plant growth if it occurs in agricultural areas. This research was carried out at Samarinda, Indonesia. This study uses a completely randomized design non factorial, consists of 4 lavels ie; 4 hours height level 50% flooding (J1), 8 hours height level 50% flooding (J2), 4 hours height level 100% flooding (J3), 8 hours height level 100% flooding (J4), carried out with 4 repetitions. Flooding simulation is carried out 5 times in each growth phases of tomato plants. The data analysis used Anova. If the variance is significantly different, then followed by the LSD (Least Significance Different) at 5%. The results showed that simulation of flooding with times 8 hours height level 50% flooding had a morederate negative effect on tomato plants. The flooding simulation with times 8 hours height level 100% flooding gives the highest negative effect on tomato plants and the root, due to excess water requirements so that plants cannot meet needs of the plants.

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