Chromatographic Analysis and Anti-Oxidative Property of Naoxinqing Tablet, a Proprietary Preparation of Diospyros Kaki Leaves

The Naoxinqing (NXQ) tablet is a standardised proprietary herbal product containing an extract of persimmon leaves (Diospyros kaki) for the management of cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases. Although previous reports suggested that the efficacy of NXQ is at least partly mediated by its anti-oxidative property, the anti-oxidative effect of the major components of NXQ has not been studied systematically. For quality control purposes, only analytical methods limited to 3 marker analytes have been reported, the extent to which the other components affect efficacy has not been explored. In this study, we developed an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC MS/MS) method for the identification of seven analytes (kaempferol-3-O-glucoside (astragalin), quercetin-3-O-galactoside (hypericin), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (isoquercitin), kaempferol, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (protocatechuic acid), and furan-2-carboxylic acid (pyromucic acid) and quercetin) in the NXQ. This is the first method reported and validated for the quantification of the seven major secondary metabolites in NXQ. The results for the quantified analytes were then compared in 15 different batches of NXQ. The variation observed in the seven components highlights the need to quantify key bioactive components to ensure product consistency. Radical scavenging activity and abundance was used to rank the analytes. The anti-oxidative effects of NXQ were examined using cultured human vascular endothelial cells (EA.hy926). Corrected 2,2-di(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) activity results revealed that quercetin and kaempferol have the strongest anti-oxidant capacity in the extract. Both quercetin and kaempferol significantly inhibited the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced EA.hy926 cell injury and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In conclusion, we established and validated an UPLC-MS/MC method for the analysis of major bioactive components in the NXQ and demonstrated that its anti-oxidative property may play a critical role in cerebrovascular protection.

Download Full-text

Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Activities of the Aqueous Rhizome Extract of Rheum officinale Baillon

Journal of Food Quality ◽

10.1155/2018/5258276 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eugene Chang ◽

Choon Young Kim

Keyword(s):

Lipid Oxidation ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid ◽

Natural Antioxidant ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Ros Generation ◽

Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽

Superoxide Anion Production

Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with dysregulation of antioxidant defense mechanisms and incidence of human diseases. The specific aim of this study was to investigate the lipid oxidation and antioxidant activity of aqueous extract of Rheum officinale Baillon rhizome in order to evaluate its potential as a future novel natural antioxidant resource and a functional ingredient in food and pharmaceutical formations. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Rheum rhizome extract were dose dependently increased. Consistent with this, radical scavenging activities of Rheum rhizome extract as determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity were significantly elevated as the concentration increased. In addition, the treatment of aqueous Rheum rhizome extract significantly increased ferric reducing and copper chelating activities. According to results of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance analysis, Rheum rhizome extract significantly delayed lipid oxidation. Preincubation with Rheum rhizome extract significantly inhibited tert-butyl hydroperoxide- (t-BHP-) induced ROS generation. Moreover, superoxide anion production was significantly lower in Rheum rhizome extract-treated RAW264.7 macrophage cells than t-BHP-incubated cells (p<0.05). These findings suggest that Rheum officinale Baillon rhizome extract has a potential as an excellent natural antioxidant agent.

Download Full-text

Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart. Leaves Increase SIRT1 Levels and Improve Stress Resistance

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2020/5238650 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Tamaeh Monteiro-Alfredo ◽

Paulo Matafome ◽

Bianca Pancoti Iacia ◽

Kátia Ávila Antunes ◽

Jéssica Maurino dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Ros Generation ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

C Elegans ◽

Acrocomia Aculeata

Oxidative stress is a metabolic disorder linked with several chronic diseases, and this condition can be improved by natural antioxidants. The fruit pulp of the palm Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart. is widely used in the treatment of various illnesses, but as far as we know, there are no reports regarding the properties of its leaves. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of A. aculeata leaf extracts obtained with water (EA-Aa), ethanol (EE-Aa), and methanol (EM-Aa) solvents. The extracts were chemically characterized, and their antioxidant activity was assessed through the scavenging of the free radicals DPPH and ABTS. EE-Aa and EM-Aa showed the highest amounts of phenolic compounds and free radical scavenging activity. However, EA-Aa was more efficient to protect human erythrocytes against AAPH-induced hemolysis and lipid peroxidation. Thus, we further show the antioxidant effect of EA-Aa in preventing AAPH-induced protein oxidation, H2O2-induced DNA fragmentation, and ROS generation in Cos-7 cells. Increased levels of Sirt1, catalase, and activation of ERK and Nrf2 were observed in Cos-7 treated with EA-Aa. We also verify increased survival in nematodes C. elegans, when induced to the oxidative condition by Juglone. Therefore, our results showed a typical chemical composition of plants for all extracts, but the diversity of compounds presented in EA-Aa is involved in the lower toxicity and antioxidant properties provided to the macromolecules tested, proteins, DNA, and lipids. This protective effect also proven in Cos-7 and in C. elegans was probably due to the activation of the Sirt1/Nrf2 pathway. Altogether, the low toxicity and the antioxidant properties of EA-Aa showed in all the experimental models support its further use in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases.

Download Full-text

Anti-oxidative Activity of Nepalese Traditional Anti-diabetic Medicines

Nepal Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/njst.v14i2.10429 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 151-154

Author(s):

HP Devkota ◽

A Adhikari-Devkota ◽

S Yahara ◽

P Basnet

Keyword(s):

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Punica Granatum ◽

Herbal Drugs ◽

Strong Activity ◽

Disease States ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Oxidative Property ◽

Treatment Of Diabetes

Chronic overproduction of free radicals in human body has a role in numerous disease states including diabetes. Proper use of antioxidants may help in the prevention and/or treatment of diabetes. For the management of diabetes, a combination of herbal drugs is being practiced traditionally in Nepal. These herbal medicines might have a good correlation to anti-oxidative properties. Anti-oxidative property was evaluated with the methanolic extracts of nineteen common traditional anti-diabetic medicines by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method. Among the evaluated herbal medicines, Phyllanthus emblica, Punica granatum, Syzygium cumini, Terminalia bellirica and Terminalia chebula showed potent radical scavenging activity. The activities of P. emblica, T. bellirica and T. chebula were more potent than that of ascorbic acid. Some of the reported popular hypoglycemic herbal drugs did not show strong activity. Therefore strong anti-oxidative herbal drugs in combination with hypoglycemic drugs might have better results in the management of diabetes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i2.10429 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 14, No. 2 (2013) 151-154

Download Full-text

Radical Scavenging Activity and Phenolic Compounds in Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L. cv. Mopan)

Journal of Food Science ◽

10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00587.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. C24-C28 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

X.N. Chen ◽

J.F. Fan ◽

X. Yue ◽

X.R. Wu ◽

L.T. Li

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Diospyros Kaki ◽

Scavenging Activity

Download Full-text

Decreased Human Platelet Activation and Mouse Pulmonary Thrombosis by Rutaecarpine and Comparison of the Relative Effectiveness with BAY11-7082: Crucial Signals of p38-NF-κB

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules27020476 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 476

Author(s):

Wei-Chieh Huang ◽

Shaw-Min Hou ◽

Ming-Ping Wu ◽

Chih-Wei Hsia ◽

Thanasekaran Jayakumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Critical Role ◽

Relative Effectiveness ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Adenosine Diphosphate ◽

Relative Activity ◽

Therapeutic Drug ◽

Iκb Kinase ◽

Iκbα Degradation

Platelets play a critical role in arterial thrombosis. Rutaecarpine (RUT) was purified from Tetradium ruticarpum, a well-known Chinese medicine. This study examined the relative activity of RUT with NF-κB inhibitors in human platelets. BAY11-7082 (an inhibitor of IκB kinase [IKK]), Ro106-9920 (an inhibitor of proteasomes), and RUT concentration-dependently (1–6 μM) inhibited platelet aggregation and P-selectin expression. RUT was found to have a similar effect to that of BAY11-7082; however, it exhibits more effectiveness than Ro106-9920. RUT suppresses the NF-κB pathway as it inhibits IKK, IκBα, and p65 phosphorylation and reverses IκBα degradation in activated platelets. This study also investigated the role of p38 and NF-κB in cell signaling events and found that SB203580 (an inhibitor of p38) markedly reduced p38, IKK, and p65 phosphorylation and reversed IκBα degradation as well as p65 activation in a confocal microscope, whereas BAY11-7082 had no effects in p38 phosphorylation. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay shows that RUT and BAY11-7082 did not exhibit free radical scavenging activity. In the in vivo study, compared with BAY11-7082, RUT more effectively reduced mortality in adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced acute pulmonary thromboembolism without affecting the bleeding time. In conclusion, a distinctive pathway of p38-mediated NF-κB activation may involve RUT-mediated antiplatelet activation, and RUT could act as a strong prophylactic or therapeutic drug for cardiovascular diseases.

Download Full-text

Phytochemical Screening and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Cinnamomum tamala Leaf Extract

Vol. 5, No. 1 - International Journal of Zoological Investigations ◽

10.33745/ijzi.2021.v07i02.008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Rani Raksha ◽

Kumar Rajesh ◽

Sharma Preeti ◽

Hajam Younis Ahmad ◽

Rai Seema

Keyword(s):

Free Radical ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Free Radical Scavenging ◽

Free Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Cinnamomum Tamala

Traditional plant-based medicines are still needed by the whole world for their primary healthcare benefits. The phytochemicals or plant extract could be used to treat different diseases and new formulation for the drug discovery in pharmaceuticals. Cinnamomum tamala is commonly called as Indian bay leaf or Tejpatta. The leaves and bark of Cinnamomum tamala are used to cure various diseases due to its various properties including astringent, stimulant and carminative. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the comparative phytochemical screening and free radical scavenging activity of the leaf of Cinnamomum tamala. To achieve this, extract was prepared in three solvents (ethanol, ethanol, aqueous and chloroform). Phytochemical screening (qualitative and quantitative) was evaluated in all the three fractions to compare the solubility of various bioactive components. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, flavones and flavonols, tannins, carbohydrates, amino acids and proteins, saponins and glycosides in leaves of Cinnamomum tamala. Quantitative analysis showed that the total polyphenolic content, total flavonoids content, total alkaloids and total flavones and flavonols content in the hydroalcoholic extract was 48.1 mg GA (gallic acid)/g, 22.1 mg QE (Quercetin)/g, 59.9 mg/g and 1.75 mg RE (Rutin)/g, respectively. DPPH free radical assay revealed that Cinnamomum tamala hydroalcoholic leaf extract at a 100 µm/ml concentration showed 96.99± 0.99% inhibition activity. It can be concluded that most of the bioactive components are found soluble in hydroalcoholic solvent. Cinnamomum tamala hydroalcoholic leaf extract contains various bioactive and also exhibits significant free radical scavenging activity. Hence, it can be used as an alternative remedy for the treatment of various diseases.

Download Full-text

Protective Effect of Dealcoholized Persimmonwine on H2O2 - Induced Oxidative Injury in H9c2 Cardiomyocytes

Journal of Food Research ◽

10.5539/jfr.v2n4p61 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Jin Taek Hwang ◽

Chan Kyu Han ◽

Sang Yoon Choi ◽

Sung Soo Kim

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

High Performance ◽

Cell Injury ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Protective Effects ◽

H9c2 Cardiomyocytes ◽

Dose Dependent

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant capacity of persimmon wine (PW) and dealcoholized persimmon wine (DPW). Both PW and DPW showed radical scavenging activity in the DPPH (1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay. We next analyzed the phenolic content and major compounds present in PW using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Phenolic compounds, including gallic acid, catechin, and epicatechin, were found in PW. Gallic acid was the most abundant phenolic compound (157.5 µg/ml) in PW. In addition, the protective effects of DPW and gallic acid against H2O2-induced cell injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes were investigated. Pretreatment with DPW or gallic acid strongly inhibited H2O2-induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that PW and its major phenolic component, gallic acid, were effective inhibitors of oxidative stress and oxidative stress-induced cardiomyocyte injury.

Download Full-text