scholarly journals Methods of the Analysis of Oxylipins in Biological Samples

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Liakh ◽  
Alicja Pakiet ◽  
Tomasz Sledzinski ◽  
Adriana Mika
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Popular Subject ◽  
Derivatives Of

Oxylipins are derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids and due to their important and diverse functions in the body, they have become a popular subject of studies. The main challenge for researchers is their low stability and often very low concentration in samples. Therefore, in recent years there have been developments in the extraction and analysis methods of oxylipins. New approaches in extraction methods were described in our previous review. In turn, the old analysis methods have been replaced by new approaches based on mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC), and the best of these methods allow hundreds of oxylipins to be quantitatively identified. This review presents comparative and comprehensive information on the progress of various methods used by various authors to achieve the best results in the analysis of oxylipins in biological samples.

scholarly journals Current Research on the Safety of Pyrethroids Used as Insecticides

Medicina ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Chrustek ◽  
Iga Hołyńska-Iwan ◽  
Inga Dziembowska ◽  
Joanna Bogusiewicz ◽  
Marcin Wróblewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Channels ◽  
Hepatic Metabolism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Synthetic Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Absorption Level

Pyrethroids are synthetic derivatives of natural pyrethrins extracted from Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium. They are 2250 times more toxic to insects than to vertebrates due to insects’ smaller size, lower body temperature and more sensitive sodium channels. In particular, three pyrethroid compounds, namely deltamethrin, permethrin, and alpha-cypermethrin, are commonly used as insecticides and are recommended for in-home insect control because they are considered to be relatively non-toxic to humans in all stages of life. However, recent data show that they are not completely harmless to human health as they may enter the body through skin contact, by inhalation and food or water, and absorption level depending on the type of food. Permethrin seems to have an adverse effect on fertility, the immune system, cardiovascular and hepatic metabolism as well as enzymatic activity. Deltamethrin induces inflammation, nephro- and hepatotoxicity and influences the activity of antioxidant enzymes in tissues. Alpha-cypermethrin may impair immunity and act to increase glucose and lipid levels in blood. The aim of the review is to provide comprehensive information on potential hazards associated to human exposure to deltamethrin, permethrin and alpha-cypermethrin. The results of presented studies prove that the insecticides must be used with great caution.

scholarly journals Modern Methods of Sample Preparation for the Analysis of Oxylipins in Biological Samples

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liakh ◽  
Pakiet ◽  
Sledzinski ◽  
Mika
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Popular Subject ◽  
Technological Platforms

Oxylipins are potent lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids, which play important roles in various biological processes. Being important regulators and/or markers of a wide range of normal and pathological processes, oxylipins are becoming a popular subject of research; however, the low stability and often very low concentration of oxylipins in samples are a significant challenge for authors and continuous improvement is required in both the extraction and analysis techniques. In recent years, the study of oxylipins has been directly related to the development of new technological platforms based on mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS)/MS), as well as the improvement in methods for the extraction of oxylipins from biological samples. In this review, we systematize and compare information on sample preparation procedures, including solid-phase extraction, liquid–liquid extraction from different biological tissues.

Hyphenated Mass Spectrometry Techniques in the Diagnosis of Amyloidosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Spodzieja ◽  
Sylwia Rodziewicz-Motowidło ◽  
Aneta Szymanska
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Amyloid Fibrils ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Diagnostic Biopsy ◽  
Separation Of Proteins ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Amyloidoses are a group of diseases caused by the extracellular deposition of proteins forming amyloid fibrils. The amyloidosis is classified according to the main protein or peptide that constitutes the amyloid fibrils. The most effective methods for the diagnosis of amyloidosis are based on mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry enables confirmation of the identity of the protein precursor of amyloid fibrils in biological samples with very high sensitivity and specificity, which is crucial for proper amyloid typing. Due to the fact that biological samples are very complex, mass spectrometry is usually connected with techniques such as liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis, which enable the separation of proteins before MS analysis. Therefore mass spectrometry constitutes an important part of the so called “hyphenated techniques” combining, preferentially in-line, different analytical methods to provide comprehensive information about the studied problem. Hyphenated methods are very useful in the discovery of biomarkers in different types of amyloidosis. In systemic forms of amyloidosis, the analysis of aggregated proteins is usually performed based on the tissues obtained during a biopsy of an affected organ or a subcutaneous adipose tissue. In some cases, when the diagnostic biopsy is not possible due to the fact that amyloid fibrils are formed in organs like the brain (Alzheimer’s disease), the study of biomarkers presented in body fluids can be carried out. Currently, large-scale studies are performed to find and validate more effective biomarkers, which can be used in diagnostic procedures. We would like to present the methods connected with mass spectrometry which are used in the diagnosis of amyloidosis based on the analysis of proteins occurring in tissues, blood and cerebrospinal fluid.

scholarly journals A Facile Profiling Method of Short Chain Fatty Acids Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Eun Song ◽  
Hyo Yeong Lee ◽  
Su Jung Kim ◽  
Sung Hoon Back ◽  
Hyun Ju Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main products of dietary fibers that are not digested by the human body, and they have been shown to affect human metabolism and inflammation. The amount of SCFAs in the body is related to many human diseases, and studies have focused on elucidating their roles and target molecules in both metabolic and immune responses. Thus, the quantitation of SCFAs in biological samples becomes crucial in understanding their important roles in the human body. Herein, a facile profiling method of SCFAs using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed and then applied to biological samples. C2-C6 SCFAs were derivatized while using 4-acetamido-7-mercapto-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole for 5 min. at room temperature prior to LC-MS/MS analysis, and characteristic fragmentation patterns and increased hydrophobicity after chemical derivatization enabled specific discrimination among 12 SCFAs. Derivatization was fast and reliable, and the reaction products were stable for a week at 4 °C. The developed method was applied to measure SCFAs in mouse feces, plasma, and human exhaled breath condensates. This fast and simple method can save labor and effort to profile SCFAs from various biological samples.

Measuring Exposome Associated with Health

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-50
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Biological Effect ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Resolution Mass

The concept of exposome has received increasing discussion, including the recent Special Issue of Science –"Chemistry for Tomorrow's Earth,” about the feasibility of using high-resolution mass spectrometry to measure exposome in the body, and tracking the chemicals in the environment and assess their biological effect. We discuss the challenges of measuring and interpreting the exposome and suggest the survey on the life course history, built and ecological environment to characterize the sample of study, and in combination with remote sensing. They should be part of exposomics and provide insights into the study of exposome and health.

Anthocyanins: Chemical Properties and Health Benefits: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siraj Salman Mohammad ◽  
Renata Oliveira Santos ◽  
Maria Ivone Barbosa ◽  
José Lucena Barbosa Junior
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
The Body ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Extraction Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Food Processes ◽  
Shed Light

: Anthocyanins are widely spread in different kinds of food, especially fruits and floral tissues, there is an extensive range of anthocyanin compounds reach more than 600 exist in nature. Anthocyanins can be used as antioxidants and raw material for several applications in food and pharmaceutical industry. Consequently, a plenty of studies about anthocyanins sources and extraction methods were reported. Furthermore, many studies about their stability, bioactive and therapeutic properties have been done. According to the body of work, we firstly worked to shed light on anthocyanin properties including chemical, antioxidant and extraction properties. Secondly, we reported the applications and health benefits of anthocyanin including the applications in food processes and anthocyanin characteristics as therapeutic and prophylactic compounds. We reviewed anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-fatness, oxidative Stress and lipid decreasing and vasoprotective effects of anthocyanins. In conclusion, because the importance of phytochemicals and bioactive compounds the research is still continuing to find new anthocyanins from natural sources and invest them as raw materials in the pharmaceutical and nutrition applications.

Rapid evaluation method for propofol abusing with hair by using centrifugal filter and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaesung Pyo
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Matrix Effect ◽  
Hair Sample ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Centrifugal Filter ◽  
Hair Samples

Background: Since propofol is rapidly metabolized and excreted from the body, it is not easy to quantify its intake in blood or urine sample over the time. In this case, the hair sample would be more advantageous to estimate during the abuse period. However, presence of protein and lipid in the hair sample could interfere extraction and be problematic during mass spectrometric analysis. Objective: The aim of this study is to develop the simple and less-time consuming method for extraction of propofol glucuronide by removing hair interferences with centrifugal filter. Method: Hair samples were washed and dissolved with sodiumhydroxide solution. This dissolved hair solution was applied to centrifugal filter and centrifuged. The filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate and evaporated to dryness. The residue was reconstituted with methanol and analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. This developed analytical method was validated by testing of linearity, selectivity, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect and stability of propofol glucuronide. Results and Discussion: The validation results showed good linearity over the concentration range of 0.5~500 pg/mg, with correlation coefficient of 0.9991. The LOD and LLOQ was 0.2 and 0.5 pg/mg, respectively. The intra-and inter-day precision and accuracy were acceptable within 14.5% for precision and 10.1% for accuracy. Similarly, the developed method revealed high sample recovery (>88%), low hair matrix effect (<10%) and highly-efficient extraction procedure. Conclusion: This well validated procedure was successfully applied to determine propofol glucuronide in rat hair sample and can be applicable, with high potential, in the field of forensic toxicology especially with increasing abuse and accidental overdose of propofol.

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