Anti-Allergic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Undecane on Mast Cells and Keratinocytes

The critical roles of keratinocytes and resident mast cells in skin allergy and inflammation have been highlighted in many studies. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), the intracellular second messenger, has also recently emerged as a target molecule in the immune reaction underlying inflammatory skin conditions. Here, we investigated whether undecane, a naturally occurring plant compound, has anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities on sensitized rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) mast cells and HaCaT keratinocytes and we further explored the potential involvement of the cAMP as a molecular target for undecane. We confirmed that undecane increased intracellular cAMP levels in mast cells and keratinocytes. In sensitized mast cells, undecane inhibited degranulation and the secretion of histamine and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). In addition, in sensitized keratinocytes, undecane reversed the increased levels of p38 phosphorylation, nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) transcriptional activity and target cytokine/chemokine genes, including thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) and interleukin-8 (IL-8). These results suggest that undecane may be useful for the prevention or treatment of skin inflammatory disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, and other allergic diseases.

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Aminophylline and progesterone prevent inflammation-induced preterm parturition in the mouse†

Biology of Reproduction ◽

10.1093/biolre/ioz112 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 101 (4) ◽

pp. 813-822 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bronwen R Herbert ◽

Danijela Markovic ◽

Ektoras Georgiou ◽

Pei F Lai ◽

Natasha Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ex Vivo ◽

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor ◽

Adenosine Monophosphate ◽

Cytokine Gene Expression ◽

Intracellular Camp ◽

Myometrial Cells ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Camp Levels

Abstract Although progesterone (P4) supplementation is the most widely used therapy for the prevention of preterm labor (PTL), reports of its clinical efficacy have been conflicting. We have previously shown that the anti-inflammatory effects of P4 can be enhanced by increasing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in primary human myometrial cells. Here, we have examined whether adding aminophylline (Am), a non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor that increases intracellular cAMP levels, to P4 might improve its efficacy using in vivo and in vitro models of PTL. In a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced PTL, we found that the combination of P4 and Am delayed the onset of LPS-induced PTL, while the same dose of P4 and Am alone had no effect. Pup survival was not improved by either agent alone or in combination. Myometrial prolabor and inflammatory cytokine gene expression was reduced, but the reduction was similar in P4 and P4/Am treated mice. There was no effect of the combination of P4 and Am on an ex vivo assessment of myometrial contractility. In human myometrial cells and myometrial tissue explants, we found that the combination had marked anti-inflammatory effects, reducing cytokine and COX-2 mRNA and protein levels to a greater extent than either agent alone. These data suggest that the combination of P4 and Am has a more potent anti-inflammatory effect than either agent alone and may be an effective combination in women at high-risk of PTL.

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Genetic Polymorphisms of the ß2-Adrenergic Receptor Relate to Guanosine Protein-coupled Stimulator Receptor Dysfunction in Fibromyalgia Syndrome

The Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3899/jrheum.101104 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 1095-1103 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

YANGMING XIAO ◽

WEIJING HE ◽

I. JON RUSSELL

Keyword(s):

Adrenergic Receptor ◽

Fibromyalgia Syndrome ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽

Adenosine Monophosphate ◽

Intracellular Camp ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽

Genotype Frequencies ◽

Camp Levels

Objective.To determine the genotype frequencies of ß2-adrenergic receptor (ß2AR) gene polymorphisms (Gly16Arg, Glu27Gln) in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) by comparison with unrelated healthy controls. We sought any clinical association with these polymorphisms and determined whether the polymorphisms would associate with a biologic guanosine protein-coupled stimulator receptor (Gs) dysfunction in FM.Methods.Study subjects included 97 clinically characterized patients with FM and 59 controls. The ß2AR polymorphisms at codons 16 and 27 were determined using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The Gs functions of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were tested using isoproterenol (ISO) as the adrenergic Gs ligand and measuring intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels.Results.The frequency of the ß2AR gene polymorphism Gly16Arg in FM (43.5%) was significantly lower than in controls (63.2%), suggesting that this genotype might have some effect on the risk of developing FM. The only clinical association in FM was with sleep dysfunction. Patients with FM who carried the ß2AR polymorphism Arg16Arg also exhibited significantly lower PBMC basal cAMP levels (p < 0.05) and lower ISO-stimulated cAMP levels (p < 0.05) than FM carrying Gly16Gly or Gly16Arg.Conclusion.This confirms a relationship between ß2AR polymorphism and FM. It is the first study to demonstrate ß2AR polymorphism-related differences in intracellular cAMP responses of FM PBMC after ß2AR stimulationin vitro. These findings may explain some of the differences in responsiveness of FM subgroups to the adrenergic agonist medications currently approved for FM treatment.

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Shockwaves Suppress Adipocyte Differentiation via Decrease in PPARγ

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells9010166 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 166

Author(s):

Wonkyoung Cho ◽

SeoYeon Kim ◽

Myeongsook Jeong ◽

Young Mi Park

Keyword(s):

Adipocyte Differentiation ◽

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽

Adenosine Monophosphate ◽

Intracellular Camp ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Mechanical Stimuli ◽

Western Blots ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽

Pparγ Expression ◽

Camp Levels

Adipogenesis is a crucial cellular process that contributes to the expansion of adipose tissue in obesity. Shockwaves are mechanical stimuli that transmit signals to cause biological responses. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of shockwaves on adipogenesis. We treated 3T3L-1 cells and human primary preadipocytes for differentiation with or without shockwaves. Western blots and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) for adipocyte markers including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPα) were performed. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, which are known to affect adipocyte differentiation, were measured. Shockwave treatment decreased intracellular lipid droplet accumulation in primary human preadipocytes and 3T3-L1 cells after 11–12 days of differentiation. Levels of key adipogenic transcriptional factors PPARγ and/or C/EBPα were lower in shockwave-treated human primary preadipocytes and 3T3L-1 cells after 12–13 days of differentiation than in shockwave-untreated cells. Shockwave treatment induced release of extracellular ATP from preadipocytes and decreased intracellular cAMP levels. Shockwave-treated preadipocytes showed a higher level of β-catenin and less PPARγ expression than shockwave-untreated cells. Supplementation with 8-bromo-cAMP analog after shockwave treatment rescued adipocyte differentiation by preventing the effect of shockwaves on β-catenin, Wnt10b mRNA, and PPARγ expression. Low-energy shockwaves suppressed adipocyte differentiation by decreasing PPARγ. Our study suggests an insight into potential uses of shockwave-treatment for obesity.

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. Effect of fluoxetine on the inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity in foskolin-stimulated MLTC-1 leydig cells

Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.15625/1811-4989/17/4/14743 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 595-602

Author(s):

Nguyen Thi Mong Diep ◽

Nguyen Thi Bich Hang ◽

Nguyen Le Cong Minh ◽

Tran Thanh Son ◽

Nguyen Thuy Duong

Keyword(s):

Cyclic Amp ◽

Leydig Cells ◽

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽

Adenosine Monophosphate ◽

Cell Types ◽

Intracellular Camp ◽

Atp Levels ◽

Long Time ◽

Short Time ◽

Camp Levels

Fluoxetine (FLX), a widely used antidepressant primarily acting as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has been shown to exhibit other mechanisms of action in various cell types. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a second messenger used for intracellular signal induction. Cyclic AMP is a nucleotide synthesized within the cell from adenosine triphosphate by the adenylyl cyclase enzyme, and is inactivated enzymatically to 5′AMP by hydroxylation with a group of enzymes called phosphodiesterase. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of FLX on MLTC-1 Leydig cells on intracellular cyclic AMP response to forskolin (FSK). MLTC-1 cells were incubated at 37°C in media supplemented with or without different doses of FLX (0, 0.156, 0.3125, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 µM). We then looked for how the concentration of FLX for a short-time (2 hours) and a long-time (24 hours) affects the concentration of intracellular cyclic AMP response to FSK and ATP levels on MLTC-1 cells. Our results show that FLX decreased the intracellular cAMP response to FSK depending on FLX concentration. FLX decreased significantly cAMP levels only at 10 µM after 2 hours of incubation but after 24 hours of incubation FLX caused an effect on cAMP levels at 5 µM and at 10 µM. Moreover, as expected, FLX also caused a decline of steroidogenesis, which is under the control of cAMP and ATP levels in the cells. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the inhibition of cAMP synthesis by FLX is dose-dependent, and that FLX also inhibited hormone-induced steroidogenesis in MLTC-1 cells.

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Caffeine in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis and Psoriasis: A Review

SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine ◽

10.25251/skin.3.2.38 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 59-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mais Bassam Alashqar

Keyword(s):

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Kinase Inhibitor ◽

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽

Adenosine Monophosphate ◽

Intracellular Camp ◽

Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated ◽

Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽

Camp Levels ◽

Effective Adjunct

Atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis are inflammatory skin diseases. AD is characterized by immune dysregulation and barrier impairment, while psoriasis is by immune dysfunction and resultant keratinocyte hyper-proliferation. Caffeine has shown effective in ameliorating the symptoms of both diseases, but it is not conclusive through which pathways. The aim of this study was to provide a detailed discussion of available work on this topic, as well as known modes of action of caffeine that are relevant to these two conditions. After an extensive review of the literature, we found that both diseases have decreased intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels in cutaneous leukocytes, so it is very likely that being a methylxanthine, and hence a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, caffeine raises intracellular cAMP levels, which suppresses inflammatory pathways and potentiates anti-inflammatory ones. Moreover, caffeine is known to be an ATR (ataxia-telangiectasia mutated) kinase and an ATM (ATM- and Rad3-Related) kinase inhibitor, which promotes prompt apoptosis of damaged cells. It was also found to have anti-necrotic effects in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-damaged cells. These pro-apoptotic and anti-necrotic properties may also be reducing the inflammation. Finally, caffeine's metabolites have shown antioxidising effects against ROS, which certainly would reduce inflammation caused by lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and organelle destruction. We find that caffeine acts in a number of ways to improve symptoms of inflammation and that it is an effective adjunct to therapy in AD and psoriasis.

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Upregulation of cAMP prevents antibody-mediated thrombus formation in COVID-19

Blood Advances ◽

10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005210 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 248-258

Author(s):

Jan Zlamal ◽

Karina Althaus ◽

Hisham Jaffal ◽

Helene Häberle ◽

Lisann Pelzl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Course ◽

Thrombus Formation ◽

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽

Adenosine Monophosphate ◽

Intracellular Camp ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Potential Therapeutic Target ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Risk For Thrombosis ◽

Camp Levels

Abstract Thromboembolic events are frequently reported in patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The exact mechanisms of COVID-19-associated hypercoagulopathy, however, remain elusive. Recently, we observed that platelets (PLTs) from patients with severe COVID-19 infection express high levels of procoagulant markers, which were found to be associated with increased risk for thrombosis. In the current study, we investigated the time course as well as the mechanisms leading to procoagulant PLTs in COVID-19. Our study demonstrates the presence of PLT-reactive IgG antibodies that induce marked changes in PLTs in terms of increased inner-mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Δψ) depolarization, phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, and P-selectin expression. The IgG-induced procoagulant PLTs and increased thrombus formation were mediated by ligation of PLT Fc-γ RIIA (FcγRIIA). In addition, contents of calcium and cyclic-adenosine-monophosphate (cAMP) in PLTs were identified to play a central role in antibody-induced procoagulant PLT formation. Most importantly, antibody-induced procoagulant events, as well as increased thrombus formation in severe COVID-19, were inhibited by Iloprost, a clinically approved therapeutic agent that increases the intracellular cAMP levels in PLTs. Our data indicate that upregulation of cAMP could be a potential therapeutic target to prevent antibody-mediated coagulopathy in COVID-19 disease.

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Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Simonsinol on Lipopolysaccharide Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells through Inactivation of NF-κB Signaling Pathway

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25163573 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (16) ◽

pp. 3573

Author(s):

Lian-Chun Li ◽

Zheng-Hong Pan ◽

De-Sheng Ning ◽

Yu-Xia Fu

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Raw264.7 Cells ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Factor Α ◽

Oxide Synthase ◽

Necrosis Factor

Simonsinol is a natural sesqui-neolignan firstly isolated from the bark of Illicium simonsii. In this study, the anti-inflammatory activity of simonsinol was investigated with a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophages RAW264.7 cells model. The results demonstrated that simonsinol could antagonize the effect of LPS on morphological changes of RAW264.7 cells, and decrease the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, as determined by Griess assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, simonsinol could downregulate transcription of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), TNF-α, and IL-6 as measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and inhibit phosphorylation of the alpha inhibitor of NF-κB (IκBα) as assayed by Western blot. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that simonsinol could inhibit inflammation response in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells through the inactivation of the nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway.

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Rapid Bioassay for Detection of Thyroid-Stimulating Antibodies Using Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate-Gated Calcium Channel and Aequorin

European Thyroid Journal ◽

10.1159/000371740 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 14-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Naohiro Araki ◽

Mitsuru Iida ◽

Nobuyuki Amino ◽

Shinji Morita ◽

Akane Ide ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Channel ◽

Hormone Receptor ◽

Chinese Hamster ◽

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽

Adenosine Monophosphate ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Ovary Cell ◽

Intracellular Camp ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Antibodies ◽

Stimulating Hormone

Background: Thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb) are known to be responsible for hyperthyroidism in Graves' disease (GD). The conventional methods to measure TSAb depend on cell-based assays that require cumbersome procedures and a sterilized tissue culture technique. The aim of the present study was to develop a ready-to-use cell-based assay for measuring TSAb activity without requiring sterilized conditions. Methods: We developed a new assay kit using a frozen Chinese hamster ovary cell line expressing the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-gated calcium channel and aequorin, tentatively named the aequorin TSAb assay. Activated stimulatory G-protein-coupled adenylate cyclase increases intracellular cAMP, which then binds to the cyclic nucleotide-gated calcium channel. Activation of this channel allows Ca2+ to enter the cell, and the influx of Ca2+ can be measured with aequorin, which is quantified by a luminometer. Results can be obtained in only 4 h without sterilized conditions. TSAb activities were expressed by international units using the NIBSC 08/204 standard. Results: Positive results of aequorin TSAb were obtained in 197 of 199 (98.9%) of untreated patients with GD. Only 1 of 42 (2.3%) patients with painless thyroiditis had a weakly positive aequorin TSAb. All 45 patients with subacute thyroiditis and 185 normal subjects showed negative aequorin TSAb. As for chronic thyroiditis, all 52 euthyroid patients showed negative aequorin TSAb, but 8 of 50 (16.0%) hypothyroid patients had a positive reaction. However, these positive reactions were not induced by serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and were thought to be induced by the stimulating activity of anti-TSH receptor immunoglobulins. Conventional porcine TSAb and Elecsys thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies were positive in 69.3 and 95.5% of GD, respectively. Conclusion: The aequorin TSAb assay was positive in 98.9% of GD and was more sensitive than the conventional assay. This assay can be conducted in only 4 h without sterilized conditions and is practically useful in general clinical laboratories.

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Anti-inflammatory reflex action of splanchnic sympathetic nerves is distributed across abdominal organs

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00298.2018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 316 (3) ◽

pp. R235-R242 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Davide Martelli ◽

David G. S. Farmer ◽

Michael J. McKinley ◽

Song T. Yao ◽

Robin M. McAllen

Keyword(s):

Sympathetic Nerves ◽

Target Organ ◽

Inflammatory Pathway ◽

Splanchnic Nerves ◽

Abdominal Organs ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

The Difference ◽

Factor Α ◽

Inflammatory Action

The splanchnic anti-inflammatory pathway has been proposed as the efferent arm of the inflammatory reflex. Although much evidence points to the spleen as the principal target organ where sympathetic nerves inhibit immune function, a systematic study to locate the target organ(s) of the splanchnic anti-inflammatory pathway has not yet been made. In anesthetized rats made endotoxemic with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 60 µg/kg iv), plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured in animals with cut (SplancX) or sham-cut (Sham) splanchnic nerves. We confirm here that disengagement of the splanchnic anti-inflammatory pathway in SplancX rats (17.01 ± 0.95 ng/ml, mean ± SE) strongly enhances LPS-induced plasma TNF-α levels compared with Sham rats (3.76 ± 0.95 ng/ml). In paired experiments, the responses of SplancX and Sham animals were compared after the single or combined removal of organs innervated by the splanchnic nerves. Removal of target organ(s) where the splanchnic nerves inhibit systemic inflammation should abolish any difference in LPS-induced plasma TNF-α levels between Sham and SplancX rats. Any secondary effects of extirpating organs should apply to both groups. Surprisingly, removal of the spleen and/or the adrenal glands did not prevent the reflex splanchnic anti-inflammatory action nor did the following removals: spleen + adrenals + intestine; spleen + intestine + stomach and pancreas; or spleen + intestine + stomach and pancreas + liver. Only when spleen, adrenals, intestine, stomach, pancreas, and liver were all removed did the difference between SplancX and Sham animals disappear. We conclude that the reflex anti-inflammatory action of the splanchnic nerves is distributed widely across abdominal organs.

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Erythromycin shortens neutrophil survival by accelerating apoptosis.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.39.4.872 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 872-877 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

K Aoshiba ◽

A Nagai ◽

K Konno

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Clinical Effectiveness ◽

Maximum Effect ◽

Intracellular Camp ◽

Diffuse Panbronchiolitis ◽

Dose Dependent Fashion ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Neutrophil Survival ◽

Camp Levels ◽

Inflammatory Action

Erythromycin is reported to have an anti-inflammatory action, which may account for its clinical effectiveness in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases such as diffuse panbronchiolitis. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory action of erythromycin, we examined the survival of isolated neutrophils with and without erythromycin. Erythromycin shortened neutrophil survival in a dose-dependent fashion, with a maximum effect at 10 micrograms/ml [corrected] and above. Survival at 24 h was 63.4% in medium with 10 micrograms of erythromycin per ml compared with 82.7% in control medium (P < 0.01). This shortening of survival was brought about by acceleration of apoptosis, as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy. In a manner similar to that of erythromycin, other macrolide antibiotics, i.e., clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and midecamycin, also shortened neutrophil survival, but neither the beta-lactams ampicillin and cefazolin nor the aminoglycoside gentamicin affected their survival. Erythromycin increased intracellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP) to 150% of control levels in neutrophils. Forskolin, rolipram, and dibutyryl-cAMP, which are known to increase intracellular cAMP levels, also shortened neutrophil survival. H-89, an inhibitor of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, partially blocked the survival-shortening effect of erythromycin. Our findings suggest that erythromycin shortens neutrophil survival at least in part through elevation of intracellular cAMP levels.

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