The Effect of Bioactive Glass-Enhanced Orthodontic Bonding Resins on Prevention of Demineralization: A Systematic Review

At present, bioactive glasses (BAGs) are demonstrating promising results in the remineralization of hard tissues. Their bioactive properties can potentially overcome the demineralization effect accompanying orthodontic treatment. This review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of bioactive glass enhanced orthodontic bonding resins on enamel remineralization, in addition to their antibacterial, ion release and acid neutralization effect. Four databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus) were searched. Two hundred and fifty-one full-text articles were screened independently, out of which seven studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. Quality appraisal was performed by two independent reviewers. Methodologies used to assess the anti-demineralization effect included Micro-Computed Tomography, Polarized Light Microscopy and Hardness Testing (Knoop and Berkovich). All seven articles confirmed the superior remineralization effect of BAG orthodontic bonding resins compared to their non-BAG counterparts. A proportional relationship was proved between BAG concentrations and increased anti-demineralization effect. The addition of antibacterial agents to BAG does not necessarily improve its anti-demineralization effect. Although studies have confirmed the effectiveness of BAG orthodontic bonding resins on enamel remineralization, there was a degree of heterogeneity across studies due to the lack of an in vitro studies standardized protocol.

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The Influence of Na and Ti on theIn VitroDegradation and Bioactivity in 58S Sol-Gel Bioactive Glass

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2012/730810 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Shirong Ni ◽

Ruilin Du ◽

Siyu Ni

Keyword(s):

Activation Energy ◽

Bioactive Glass ◽

Body Fluid ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Apatite Formation ◽

Ion Release ◽

Buffer Solution ◽

Bioactive Glasses ◽

Initial Stage

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Na and Ti on thein vitrodegradation and bioactivity in the 58S bioactive glass. The degradation was evaluated through the activation energy of Si ion release from bioactive glasses and the weight loss of bioactive glasses in Tris-HCl buffer solution. Thein vitrobioactivity of the bioactive glasses was investigated by analysis of apatite-formation ability in the simulated body fluid (SBF). The results showed that Na in the 58S glass accelerated the dissolution rate of the glass, whereas Ti in the 58S glass slowed down the rate of glass solubility. Bioactivity tests showed that Na in glass increased the apatite-forming ability in SBF. In contrast, Ti in glass retards the apatite formation at the initial stage of SBF soaking but does not affect the growth of apatite after long periods of soaking.

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Hierarchical Structures and Shaped Particles of Bioactive Glass and ItsIn VitroBioactivity

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2013/681391 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

U. Boonyang ◽

F. Li ◽

A. Stein

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Simulated Body Fluid ◽

Bioactive Glass ◽

Body Fluid ◽

Colloidal Crystals ◽

Hierarchical Structures ◽

The Other ◽

Bioactive Glasses ◽

Ordered Macroporous

In this study, bioactive glass particles with controllable structure and porosity were prepared using dual-templating methods. Block copolymers used as one template component produced mesopores in the calcined samples. Polymer colloidal crystals as the other template component yielded either three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) products or shaped bioactive glass nanoparticles. Thein vitrobioactivity of these bioactive glasses was studied by soaking the samples in simulated body fluid (SBF) at body temperature (37°C) for varying lengths of time and monitoring the formation of bone-like apatite on the surface of the bioactive glass. A considerable bioactivity was found that all of bioactive glass samples have the ability to induce the formation of an apatite layer on its surface when in contact with SBF. The development of bone-like apatite is faster for 3DOM bioactive glasses than for nanoparticles.

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Novel Highly Degradable Chloride Containing Bioactive Glasses

Biomedical glasses ◽

10.1515/bglass-2015-0010 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Xiaojing Chen ◽

Natalia Karpukhina ◽

Delia S. Brauer ◽

Robert G. Hill

Keyword(s):

Chemical Analysis ◽

Chloride Content ◽

Tris Buffer ◽

Silicate Glasses ◽

Ion Release ◽

Bioactive Glasses ◽

Glass Density ◽

31P Mas Nmr ◽

First Time

AbstractAddition of CaF2 to a silicate bioactive glass favours formation of fluorapatite, which is less soluble in acidic environment than hydroxyapatite. However, excess CaF2 in the glass is problematic, owing to the formation of crystalline calcium fluoride rather than fluorapatite on immersion. In this paper we investigate chloride as an alternative to fluoride in bioactive silicate glasses and in particular their bioactivity for the first time. Meltderived bioactive glasses based on SiO2-P2O5-CaO-CaCl2 with varying CaCl2 contents were synthesised and characterised by DSC. Chemical analysis of the chloride content was performed by using an ion selective electrode. Glass density was determined using Helium Pycnometry. The glass bioactivity was investigated in Tris buffer. Ion release measurements were carried out by using ICP-OES. The chemical analysis results indicated that the majority of the chloride is retained in the Q2 type silicate glasses during synthesis. Tg and glass density reduced with increasing CaCl2 content. Apatite-like phase formation was confirmed by FITR, XRD and 31P MAS-NMR. The results of the in vitro studies demonstrated that the chloride containing bioactive glasses are highly degradable and form apatite-like phase within three hours in Tris buffer and, therefore, are certainly suitable for use in remineralising toothpastes. The dissolution rate of the glass was found to increase with CaCl2 content. Faster dissolving bioactive glasses may be attractive for more resorbable bone grafts and scaffolds.

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Effect of Melt-Derived Bioactive Glass Particles on the Properties of Chitosan Scaffolds

Journal of Functional Biomaterials ◽

10.3390/jfb10030038 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 38 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hamasa Faqhiri ◽

Markus Hannula ◽

Minna Kellomäki ◽

Maria Teresa Calejo ◽

Jonathan Massera

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Bioactive Glass ◽

Pore Size ◽

Glass Content ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Glass Composite ◽

Composite Scaffolds ◽

Bioactive Glasses

This study reports on the processing of three-dimensional (3D) chitosan/bioactive glass composite scaffolds. On the one hand, chitosan, as a natural polymer, has suitable properties for tissue engineering applications but lacks bioactivity. On the other hand, bioactive glasses are known to be bioactive and to promote a higher level of bone formation than any other biomaterial type. However, bioactive glasses are hard, brittle, and cannot be shaped easily. Therefore, in the past years, researchers have focused on the processing of new composites. Difficulties in reaching composite materials made of polymer (synthetic or natural) and bioactive glass include: (i) The high glass density, often resulting in glass segregation, and (ii) the fast bioactive glass reaction when exposed to moisture, leading to changes in the glass reactivity and/or change in the polymeric matrix. Samples were prepared with 5, 15, and 30 wt% of bioactive glass S53P4 (BonAlive ®), as confirmed using thermogravimetric analysis. MicrO–Computed tomography and optical microscopy revealed a flaky structure with porosity over 80%. The pore size decreased when increasing the glass content up to 15 wt%, but increased back when the glass content was 30 wt%. Similarly, the mechanical properties (in compression) of the scaffolds increased for glass content up to 15%, but decreased at higher loading. Ions released from the scaffolds were found to lead to precipitation of a calcium phosphate reactive layer at the scaffold surface. This is a first indication of the potential bioactivity of these materials. Overall, chitosan/bioactive glass composite scaffolds were successfully produced with pore size, machinability, and ability to promote a calcium phosphate layer, showing promise for bone tissue engineering and the mechanical properties can justify their use in non-load bearing applications.

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Orthodontic bonding to porcelain: A systematic review

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/083013-636.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 555-560 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Gursimrit K. Grewal Bach ◽

Ysidora Torrealba ◽

Manuel O. Lagravère

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Success Rate ◽

Hydrofluoric Acid ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Orthodontic Bonding ◽

Harmful Effects

ABSTRACT Objective: To use a systematic review to determine which materials and technique/protocol present the highest success rate in bonding brackets to porcelain surfaces. Materials and Methods: Different databases were searched without limitations up to July 2013. Additionally, the bibliographies of the finally selected articles were hand searched to identify any relevant publications that were not identified earlier. In vitro and in vivo articles were included. Results: No in vivo articles were found that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A total of 45 in vitro articles met all inclusion criteria. They were published between 2000 to July 2013. Conclusions: The best protocol described in this review is the etching of 9.6% hydrofluoric acid for 1 minute, rinsed for 30 seconds, and then air-dried. The etching of hydrofluoric acid should be followed by an application of silane. Considering the harmful effects of etching with hydrofluoric acid, another appropriate suggestion is mechanical roughening with sandblasting followed by an application of silane.

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The Evaluation of Formation and Bioactivity of New Sol-gel Bioactive Glass

VNU Journal of Science Natural Sciences and Technology ◽

10.25073/2588-1140/vnunst.4832 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bui Xuan Vuong

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Glass ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Glass Ceramics ◽

Medical Applications ◽

Crystalline Solids ◽

Bioactive Glasses ◽

Central European Journal ◽

Central European

In this paper, three ceramic compositions 50SiO2-50CaO (A), 45SiO2-45CaO-10P2O5 (B) and 40SiO2-40CaO-20P2O5 (C) (wt %) were synthesized by using the sol-gel technique. XRD analysis demonstrates that only sample C can form the glass material. Treated temperatures and heated times were also evaluated. Analysis data showed that the bioglass 40SiO2-40CaO-20P2O5 (wt %) can successfully elaborate when the ceramic powder heated at 750 oC for 3 hours. ‘‘In vitro’’ experiment was effectuated to investigate the bioactivity of bioglass 40SiO2-40CaO-20P2O5 by soaking powder samples in SBF solution. Obtained result confirmed the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA) phase on glass’s surface after 15 days of immersion, in which HA formation orients following (211) and (222) miller planes in crystalline structure of HA phase. Keywords Sol-gel; bioglass; hydroxyapatite; SBF; bioactivity References [1] D.F. Williams, Definitions in Biomaterials, Consensus Conference for the European Society for Biomaterials, Chester, UK, 1986.[2] L.L. Hench, Bioceramics: From Concept to Clinic, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 74 (1991) 1487.[3] L.L. Hench, The story of Bioglass, Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 17 (2006) 967.[4] X.V. Bui, H. Oudadesse, Y. Le Gal, A. Mostafa, P.Pellen and G. Cathelineau, Chemical Reactivity of Biocomposite Glass-Zoledronate, Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, 46 (2010) 24.[5] L.L. Hench, Genetic design of bioactive glass, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 29 (2009) 1257.[6] S. Kumar, P. Vinatier, A. Levasseur, K.J. Rao, Investigations of structure and transport in lithium and silver borophosphate glasses, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 177 (2004)1723.[7] Z. Hong, A. Liu, L. Chen, X. Chen, X. Jing, Preparation of bioactive glass ceramic nanoparticles by combination of sol–gel and coprecipitation method, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 355 (2009) 368.[8] D.B. Joroch, D.C. Clupper, Modulation of zinc release from bioactive sol–gel derived SiO2‐CaO‐ZnO glasses and ceramics, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 82A (2007) 575.[9] J. Roman, S. Padilla, M. Vallet-Regi, Sol−Gel Glasses as Precursors of Bioactive Glass Ceramics, Chemistry of Materials, 15 (2003) 798.[10] J. Lao, J.M. Nedelec, Ph. Moretto, E. Jallot, Biological activity of a SiO2-CaO-P2O5 sol-gel glass highlighted by PIXE-RBS methods, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B, 245 (2006) 511.[11] [11] M. Vallet-Regi, L. Ruiz-Gonzalez, I. Izquierdo, J.M. Gonzalez-Calbet, Revisiting silica based ordered mesoporous materials: medical applications, Journal of Materials Chemistry, 16 (2006) 26.[12] W. Xia, J. Chang, Preparation and characterization of nano-bioactive-glasses (NBG) by a quick alkali-mediated sol–gel method, Materials Letters 61 (2007) 3251.[13] R. Li, A.E. Clark, L.L. Hench, An investigation of Bioactive Glass Powders by Sol-Gel Processing, Transactions of 16th Annual Meeting of the Societey for Biomaterials, 12 (1990) 40.[14] J. Lao, J.M. Nedelec, P. Moretto, E. Jallot, Imaging physicochemical reactions occurring at the pore surface in binary bioactive glass foams by micro ion beam analysis, Applied Materials and Interfaces, 6 (2010) 1737.[15] A. Balamurugan, G. Balossier, S. Kannan, J. Michel, A.H.S. Rebelo, J.M.F. Ferreira, Development and in vitro characterization of sol–gel derived CaO–P2O5–SiO2–ZnO bioglas, Acta Biomaterialia, 3 (2007) 255.[16] Z. Hong, A. Liu, L. Chen, X. Chen, X. Jing, Bioactive glass prepared by sol–gel emulsion, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 355 (2009) 368.[17] O. Peital, E.D. Zanotto, L.L. Hench, Highly bioactive P2O5-Na2O-CaO-SiO2 glass-ceramics, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 292 (2001) 115.[18] J. Liu, X. Miao, Sol-gel derived bioglass as a coating material for porous alumina scaffolds, Ceramics International, 30 (2004) 1781.[19] T. Kokubo, H. Takadama, How useful is SBF in predicting in vivo bone bioactivity. Biomaterials 27 (2006) 2907.[20] M. Dziadek, B. Zagrajczuk, P. Jelen, Z. Olejniczak, K.C. Kowalska, Structural variations of bioactive glasses obtained by different synthesis routes, Ceramics International, 42 (2016) 14700.[21] R. Lakshmi, V. Velmurugan and S. Sasikumar, Preparation and Phase Evolution of Wollastonite by Sol-Gel Combustion Method Using Sucrose as the Fuel, Combustion Science and Technology, 185 (2013) 1777.[22] G. Voicu, A. Bădănoiu, E. Andronescu1, C. M. Chifiruc, Synthesis, characterization and bioevaluation of partially stabilized cements for medical applications, Central European Journal of Chemistry, 11 (2013) 1657.[23] M.V. Regi, Ceramics for medical applications, Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, 2 (2001) 97.[24] G. Voicu, A.I. Bădănoiu, E. Andronescu, C.M. Chifiruc, Synthesis, characterization and bioevaluation of partially stabilized cements for medical applications, Central European Journal of Chemistry, 11 (2013) 1657.M. Wu, T. Wang, Y. Wang, F. Li, M. Zhou, X. Wu, A novel and facile route for synthesis of fine tricalcium silicate powders, Materials letters, 227 (2018), 187.

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Effects of Additional Use of Bioactive Glasses or a Hydroxyapatite Toothpaste on Remineralization of Artificial Lesions in vitro

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000510180 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 336-342

Author(s):

Philipp Körner ◽

Jana A Schleich ◽

Daniel B. Wiedemeier ◽

Thomas Attin ◽

Florian J. Wegehaupt

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Glass ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Test Group ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Bioactive Glasses ◽

Initial Caries

Objectives: This in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of two different bioactive glasses, a hydroxyapatite-containing, fluoride-free toothpaste (HTP) and a fluoride toothpaste (FTP) on the remineralization behavior of initial caries lesions. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 bovine enamel samples were randomly allocated to five groups of 20 samples each: NC = negative control group (artificial saliva); HTP = HTP group (Karex); FTP = FTP group (Elmex caries protection, 1,400 ppm); FTP + BGnano = FTP followed by Actimins bioactive glass; FTP + BGamorph = FTP followed by Schott bioactive glass. Radiographic documentation (advanced transversal microradiography; aTMR) was applied before and after all samples were exposed to a demineralizing gel for 10 days. Over a period of 28 days, samples were covered twice a day (every 12 h) with a toothpaste slurry of the respective test group or with artificial saliva in NC for 60 s and brushed with 15 brushing strokes. Samples in FTP + BGnano and FTP + BGamorph were additionally treated with the respective bioactive glass slurry for 30 s after brushing with the FTP. In the meantime, all samples were stored in artificial saliva. After 28 days, the structure of all samples was assessed again using aTMR and compared to the values measured after demineralization. The statistical evaluation of the integrated mineral loss was performed using Kruskal-Wallis test followed by a post hoc Conover test. Results: The FTP revealed the significantly highest increase of mineral content while the HTP showed the significantly lowest remineralization. Compared to artificial saliva, the use of the HTP or the combined application of FTP followed by bioactive glasses (FTP + BGnano and FTP + BGamorph) showed no significant remineralization. Conclusion: Under remineralizing in vitro conditions, brushing with 1,400 ppm FTP induced significantly more remineralization compared to storage in artificial saliva. The additional administration of both bioactive glasses as well as the substitutional brushing with an HTP resulted in significantly less remineralization compared to brushing with 1,400 ppm FTP.

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Micro-Computed-Tomography-Guided Analysis of In Vitro Structural Modifications in Two Types of 45S5 Bioactive Glass Based Scaffolds

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma10121341 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1341 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Fabian Westhauser ◽

Francesca Ciraldo ◽

Preethi Balasubramanian ◽

Anne-Sophie Senger ◽

Gerhard Schmidmaier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Bioactive Glass ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Structural Modifications

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In Vitro Effect of Gallium-Doped Bioactive Glass on Enamel Anti-Demineralization and Bond Strength of Orthodontic Resins

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9224918 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (22) ◽

pp. 4918 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hyo-Kyung Song ◽

Kyung-Hyeon Yoo ◽

Seog-Young Yoon ◽

Hee Sam Na ◽

Jin Chung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Bioactive Glass ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Ion Release ◽

X Ray ◽

Retention Force ◽

Orthodontic Adhesives ◽

Vitro Effect

White spot lesions (WSL) that occur on teeth after orthodontic appliances have been attached are caused by bacterial demineralization of the enamel surface. This study investigated the anti-demineralization effect of orthodontic resins containing mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBN) doped with gallium, which has antibacterial activity, as well as MBN with increased calcium and phosphate contents as these ions can remineralize enamel. Resins (CF, CharmFill Flow, Dentkist, Seoul, South Korea) containing 1%, 3%, and 5% Ga-doped MBN (GaMBN) were characterized using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and isothermal tests, and their physical properties were measured in terms of Vickers microhardness, bracket retention force, and adhesive remnant index (ARI). Cell viability in the resins was confirmed by testing human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), and ion release tests were performed after 1, 7, and 14 days to determine whether the resins released Ga3+, Ca2+, and PO43–. After 14 days, antibacterial activity was determined using Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans)—the bacteria that causes tooth decay—and the chemical remineralization effect was investigated using a cycle of acid–base solutions. The microhardness of the resins increased with GaMBN concentration whereas their bracket retention force, ARI, and cell viability remained unchanged. The bacterial activity of the 5%-GaMBN resin decreased after 24 and 48 h; however, the change in activity was not statistically significant. Anti-demineralization testing demonstrated that the degree of enamel demineralization decreased as the GaMBN concentration increased, which indicates that resins containing 5%-GaMBN may be viable orthodontic adhesives for preventing WSLs.

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Effect of Cu- and Zn-Doped Bioactive Glasses on the In Vitro Bioactivity, Mechanical and Degradation Behavior of Biodegradable PDLLA Scaffolds

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13132908 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 2908 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Julian Bejarano ◽

Aldo R. Boccaccini ◽

Cristian Covarrubias ◽

Humberto Palza

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Glass ◽

Bone Repair ◽

Apatite Formation ◽

High Porosity ◽

Degradation Behavior ◽

Polymer Scaffolds ◽

Bioactive Glasses ◽

Salt Leaching ◽

Compression Properties

Biodegradable polymer scaffolds filled with bioactive glass particles doped with therapeutic metal ions are a novel and promising strategy to repair critical-sized bone defects. In this study, scaffolds based on a poly (D, L-lactide acid) (PDLLA) matrix filled with un-doped and Cu-, Zn- and CuZn-doped bioactive glass particles were produced by freeze-drying and a salt-leaching method. The effects of the doping and content of the glass particles (10 and 30 wt.%) on the morphology, compression properties, apatite formation, and degradation behavior of the scaffolds were evaluated. The scaffolds presented high porosity (~93%) with pores ranged from 100 to 400 μm interconnected by smaller pores and this porosity was kept after the glass particles incorporation. The glass particles reinforced the polymer scaffolds with improvements as high as 130% in elastic moduli, and further promoted the apatite formation on the scaffold surface, both properties depending on the amount and type of filler. The bioactive glass particles boosted the scaffold degradation with the PDLLA/un-doped glass scaffold showing the highest rate, but still retaining structural and dimensional integrity. Our findings show that the incorporation of un-doped and metal-doped bioactive glasses increases the mechanical strength, promotes the bioactivity and modifies the degradation profile of the resulting polymer/glass scaffolds, making them better candidates for bone repair.

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