Plant-Based Gums and Mucilages Applications in Pharmacology and Nanomedicine: A Review

Gums are carbohydrate biomolecules that have the potential to bind water and form gels. Gums are regularly linked with proteins and minerals in their construction. Gums have several forms, such as mucilage gums, seed gums, exudate gums, etc. Plant gums are one of the most important gums because of their bioavailability. Plant-derived gums have been used by humans since ancient times for numerous applications. The main features that make them appropriate for use in different applications are high stabilization, viscosity, adhesive property, emulsification action, and surface-active activity. In many pharmaceutical formulations, plant-based gums and mucilages are the key ingredients due to their bioavailability, widespread accessibility, non-toxicity, and reasonable prices. These compete with many polymeric materials for use as different pharmaceuticals in today’s time and have created a significant achievement from being an excipient to innovative drug carriers. In particular, scientists and pharmacy industries around the world have been drawn to uncover the secret potential of plant-based gums and mucilages through a deeper understanding of their physicochemical characteristics and the development of safety profile information. This innovative unique class of drug products, useful in advanced drug delivery applications, gene therapy, and biosynthesis, has been developed by modification of plant-based gums and mucilages. In this review, both fundamental and novel medicinal aspects of plant-based gums and mucilages, along with their capacity for pharmacology and nanomedicine, were demonstrated.

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The Impact of Bioconjugation on the Interfacial Activity of a Protein Biosurfactant

10.26434/chemrxiv.7497053.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Hossam H Tayeb ◽

Marina Stienecker ◽

Anton Middelberg ◽

Frank Sainsbury

Keyword(s):

Polyethylene Glycol ◽

Colloidal Stability ◽

Point Mutations ◽

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Industrial Processes ◽

Parent Molecule ◽

Site Specific ◽

Interfacial Activity ◽

Surface Active ◽

The Impact

Biosurfactants, are surface active molecules that can be produced by renewable, industrially scalable biologic processes. DAMP4, a designer biosurfactant, enables the modification of interfaces via genetic or chemical fusion to functional moieties. However, bioconjugation of addressable amines introduces heterogeneity that limits the precision of functionalization as well as the resolution of interfacial characterization. Here we designed DAMP4 variants with cysteine point mutations to allow for site-specific bioconjugation. The DAMP4 variants were shown to retain the structural stability and interfacial activity characteristic of the parent molecule, while permitting efficient and specific conjugation of polyethylene glycol (PEG). PEGylation results in a considerable reduction on the interfacial activity of both single and double mutants. Comparison of conjugates with one or two conjugation sites shows that both the number of conjugates as well as the mass of conjugated material impacts the interfacial activity of DAMP4. As a result, the ability of DAMP4 variants with multiple PEG conjugates to impart colloidal stability on peptide-stabilized emulsions is reduced. We suggest that this is due to constraints on the structure of amphiphilic helices at the interface. Specific and efficient bioconjugation permits the exploration and investigation of the interfacial properties of designer protein biosurfactants with molecular precision. Our findings should therefore inform the design and modification of biosurfactants for their increasing use in industrial processes, and nutritional and pharmaceutical formulations.

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Proof-of-Concept of Detection of Counterfeit Medicine through Polymeric Materials Analysis of Plastics Packaging

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13132185 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 2185

Author(s):

Mohammad Salim ◽

Riyanto Teguh Widodo ◽

Mohamed Ibrahim Noordin

Keyword(s):

Polymeric Materials ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

Counterfeit Drug ◽

Drug Products ◽

Counterfeit Medicines ◽

Counterfeit Medicine ◽

Counterfeit Pharmaceuticals ◽

Purge Gas ◽

Sample Set

The detection of counterfeit pharmaceuticals is always a major challenge, but the early detection of counterfeit medicine in a country will reduce the fatal risk among consumers. Technically, fast laboratory testing is vital to develop an effective surveillance and monitoring system of counterfeit medicines. This study proposed the combination of Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) for the quick detection of counterfeit medicines, through the polymer analysis of blister packaging materials. A sample set containing three sets of original and counterfeit medicine was analyzed using ATR-FTIR and DSC, while the spectra from ATR-FTIR were employed as a fingerprint for the polymer characterization. Intending to analyze the polymeric material of each sample, DSC was set at a heating rate of 10 °C min−l and within a temperature range of 0- 400 °C, with nitrogen as a purge gas at a flow rate of 20 ml min−an. The ATR-FTIR spectra revealed the chemical characteristics of the plastic packaging of fake and original medicines. Further analysis of the counterfeit medicine’s packaging with DSC exhibited a distinct difference from the original due to the composition of polymers in the packaging material used. Overall, this study confirmed that the rapid analysis of polymeric materials through ATR-FTIR and comparing DSC thermograms of the plastic in their packaging effectively distinguished counterfeit drug products.

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Supercritical carbon dioxide design strategies: from drug carriers to soft killers

Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1098/rsta.2015.0009 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 373 (2057) ◽

pp. 20150009 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ana Aguiar-Ricardo ◽

Vasco D. B. Bonifácio ◽

Teresa Casimiro ◽

Vanessa G. Correia

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Drug Carriers ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Materials Processing ◽

Design Strategies ◽

Simple Economic ◽

Supercritical Carbon

The integrated use of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) and micro- and nanotechnologies has enabled new sustainable strategies for the manufacturing of new medications. ‘Green’ scCO 2 -based methodologies are well suited to improve either the synthesis or materials processing leading to the assembly of three-dimensional multifunctional constructs. By using scCO 2 either as C1 feedstock or as solvent, simple, economic, efficient and clean routes can be designed to synthesize materials with unique properties such as polyurea dendrimers and oxazoline-based polymers/oligomers. These new biocompatible, biodegradable and water-soluble polymeric materials can be engineered into multifunctional constructs with antimicrobial activity, targeting moieties, labelling units and/or efficiently loaded with therapeutics. This mini-review highlights the particular features exhibited by these materials resulting directly from the followed supercritical routes.

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Hybrid Anion Exchange Hollow Fiber Membrane for Delivery of Ionic Drugs

International Journal of Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1155/2012/832190 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Na Wang ◽

Mengbing Cui ◽

Cuiming Wu ◽

Yiyun Cheng ◽

Tongwen Xu

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Bonding ◽

Anion Exchange ◽

Hollow Fiber ◽

Hollow Fiber Membrane ◽

Drug Carriers ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Interaction Patterns ◽

Fiber Membrane ◽

Phenylene Oxide ◽

External Phase

Hybrid anion exchange hollow fiber membranes (HAEHFMs) based on bromomethylated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (BPPO) are proposed as potential drug carriers for four anionic model drugs, including the sodium salts of benzoate (NaBS), salicylate (NaSA), meta-amino salicylate (NaMAS), and loxoprofen (NaLS). The results of the static loading and release experiments suggest that electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophobic interaction are the main interaction patterns between the membrane and the drugs. And they are directly influenced by the external phase conditions and the drug physicochemical characteristics, such as structure, molecular weight, dissociation (pKa), and hydrogen bonding capability. Among the four different drugs, NaSA and NaMAS appear to be the most suitable for controlled release by the HAEHFM due to their excellent adsorption/release behaviors.

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A simple method of suspending implant wear particles for more physiological modelling of cell-particle interactions in vitro

10.1101/2021.01.05.425343 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Christine Poon

Keyword(s):

Wear Debris ◽

Culture Media ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Wear Particle ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Wear Particles ◽

Simple Method ◽

Implant Wear

AbstractArthroplasty implants e.g. hip, knee, spinal disc sustain relatively high compressive loading and friction wear, which lead to the formation of wear particles or debris between articulating surfaces. Despite advances in orthopaedic materials and surface treatments, the production of wear debris from any part of a joint arthroplasty implant is currently unavoidable. Implant wear debris induces host immune responses and inflammation, which causes patient pain and ultimately implant failure through progressive inflammation-mediated osteolysis and implant loosening, where the severity and rate of periprosthetic osteolysis depends on the material and physicochemical characteristics of the wear particles. Evaluating the cytotoxicity of implant wear particles is important for regulatory approved clinical application of arthroplasty implants, as is the study of cell-particle response pathways. However, the wear particles of polymeric materials commonly used for arthroplasty implants tend to float when placed in culture media, which limits their contact with cell cultures. This study reports a simple means of suspending wear particles in liquid medium using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) to provide a more realistic proxy of the interaction between cells and tissues to wear particles in vivo, which are free-floating in synovial fluid within the joint cavity. Low concentrations of NaCMC dissolved in culture medium were found to be effective for suspending polymeric wear particles. Such suspensions may be used as more physiologically-relevant means for testing cellular responses to implant wear debris, as well as studying the combinative effects of shear and wear particle abrasion on cells in a dynamic culture environments such as perfused tissue-on-chip devices.

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APPLICATION OF EXTRACTION METHOD FOR ISOLATION OF BIOGENIC SURFACE-ACTIVE RHAMNOLIPIDS

Proceedings of the Shevchenko Scientific Society. Series Сhemical Sciences ◽

10.37827/ntsh.chem.2020.60.007 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (60) ◽

pp. 7-13

Author(s):

Іlоna KARPENKO ◽

◽

Galyna MIDYANA ◽

Olena KARPENKO ◽

Igor SEMENIUK ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lone Pair ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Pseudomonas Sp ◽

Free Energies ◽

Isolation And Purification ◽

Priority Task ◽

Surface Active ◽

Modern Biotechnology ◽

The Relationship

The priority task of modern biotechnology is development of the rational technologies for the microbial synthesis of practically important products. Among these products, a significant place belongs to surfactants (biosurfactants), which are widely used in many sectors of the economy. The most problematic stage of the biosurfactants production is isolation from the post fermentative cultural liquid of bacteria-producers. Improving the efficiency of the biosurfactants production is highly dependent on rational approaches to the target products isolation. In this regard, there is an increasing need for rational, scientifically substantiated methods for their isolation and purification. Therefore, the aim of the presented work was to determine the optimal extractants for the isolation of rhamnolipid surfactants – metabolites of bacteria of Pseudomonas sp. PS-17 strain. For this purpose, the extraction process of rhamnolipids from the post fermentative cultural liquid supernatant has been investigated. The optimal extractants were selected among 13 organic solvents of different nature. Processing of the obtained experimental data by the method of multi-parameter equations of linearity of free energies (modified Koppel-Palm equation) made it possible to establish the relationship between the physicochemical properties of the extractants and amounts of the biosurfactants which were isolated from cultural liquid supernatant. It was shown that the data on the rhamnolipids extraction are adequately associated with the physicochemical characteristics of the solvents using a six-parameter linear equation. It was determined that the polarizability and molar volume are the main properties of solvents that affect the extraction process. The best extractants for the rhamnolipids isolation from cultural liquid supernatant of the Pseudomonas sp. PS-17 strain are the ethers. It can be explained by the presence of a lone pair of the electrons of oxygen in its molecule. The obtained results of the study are of scientific interest for isolation of the important and perspective biotechnological products – surface-active substances.

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Polymeric materials for drug carriers

Drug Delivery System ◽

10.2745/dds.23.610 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 610-617

Author(s):

Masayuki Yokoyama

Keyword(s):

Polymeric Materials ◽

Drug Carriers

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Preparation and Characterization of Stealth Archaeosomes Based on a Synthetic PEGylated Archaeal Tetraether Lipid

Journal of Drug Delivery ◽

10.1155/2011/396068 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Julie Barbeau ◽

Sandrine Cammas-Marion ◽

Pierrick Auvray ◽

Thierry Benvegnu

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Drug Carriers ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Release Studies ◽

Poly Ethylene ◽

Membrane Spanning ◽

The Stability ◽

The One ◽

Egg Pc

The present studies were focused on the formation and characterization of sterically stabilized archaeosomes made from a synthetic PEGylated archaeal lipid. In a first step, a synthetic archaeal tetraether bipolar lipid was functionalized with a poly(ethylene glycol), PEG, and (PEG45-Tetraether) with the aim of coating the archaeosome surface with a sterically stabilizing hydrophilic polymer. In a second step, Egg-PC/PEG45-Tetraether (90/10 wt%) archaeosomes were prepared, and their physicochemical characteristics were determined by dynamic light scattering (size, polydispersity), cryo-TEM (morphology), and by high-performance thin layer chromatography (lipid composition), in comparison with standard Egg-PC/PEG45-DSPE formulations. Further, a fluorescent dye, the carboxyfluorescein, was encapsulated into the prepared archaeosomes in order to evaluate the potential of such nanostructures as drug carriers. Release studies have shown that the stability of Egg-PC/PEG45-Tetraether-based archaeosomes is significantly higher at 37∘C than the one of Egg-PC/PEG45-DSPE-based liposomes, as evidenced by the slower release of the dye encapsulated into PEGylated archaeosomes. This enhanced stability could be related to the membrane spanning properties of the archaeal bipolar lipid as already described with natural or synthetic tetraether lipids.

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Improved Dissolution of Albendazole from High Drug Loaded Ternary Solid Dispersion: Formulation and Characterization

Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.3329/dujps.v20i2.57165 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 149-158

Author(s):

Shimul Halder ◽

MAK Azad ◽

Hrishik Iqbal ◽

Madhabi Lata Shuma ◽

Eva Rahman Kabir

Keyword(s):

Solid Dispersion ◽

Drug Loading ◽

Aqueous Solubility ◽

Drug Carriers ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Dissolution Behavior ◽

Scanning Calorimetry ◽

High Drug ◽

Enhanced Solubility

Bioavailability of a poorly water-soluble drug, e.g., widely used anthelmintic drug Albendazole (ABZ), is very low and thus, to obtain an optimized therapeutic efficacy, the aqueous solubility of such drugs needs to be enhanced. The objective of this study was to develop an effective high drug-loaded solid dispersion (SD) of ABZ with two biocompatible drug carriers, namely Soluplus® and Ludiflash® to improve its physicochemical characteristics. Equilibrium solubility study was performed to choose the optimum polymer ratio among the formulations and it showed up to 50-fold enhanced solubility compared to crystalline ABZ in water. X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) studies of SD-ABZ showed reduced crystallinity of ABZ in the SD. The polymeric carriers, notably Soluplus®, are thought to play a key role in the reduction of crystallinity and molecular polydispersity of ABZ. The dissolution studies in water showed improved dissolution of SD-ABZ compared to crystalline ABZ, with a quick onset of drug release followed by gradual dissolution. However, due to high drug-loading and retention of crystalline ABZ in the sample, the dissolution behavior was not as expected, and may require further studies to optimize the SD-ABZ formulation. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(2): 149-158, 2021 (December)

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Biocompatible Materials Based on Plasticized Poly(lactic acid), Chitosan and Rosemary Ethanolic Extract I. Effect of Chitosan on the Properties of Plasticized Poly(lactic acid) Materials

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11060941 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 941 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Cornelia Vasile ◽

Elena Stoleru ◽

Raluca Nicoleta Darie-Niţa ◽

Raluca Petronela Dumitriu ◽

Daniela Pamfil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Polymeric Materials ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Rosemary Extract ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Innovative Drug ◽

Melt Mixing

The purpose of the present study is to develop new multifunctional environmentally friendly materials having applications both in medical and food packaging fields. New poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based multifunctional materials containing additives derived from natural resources like chitosan (CS) and rosemary extract (R) were obtained by melt mixing. Each of the selected components has its own specific properties such as: PLA is a biodegradable thermoplastic aliphatic polyester derived from renewable biomass, heat-resistant, with mechanical properties close to those of polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate, and CS offers good antimicrobial activity and biological functions, while R significantly improves antioxidative action necessary in all applications. A synergy of their combination, an optimum choice of their ratio, and processing parameters led to high performance antimicrobial/antioxidant/biocompatible/environmentally degradable materials. The polyethylene glycol (PEG)-plasticized PLA/chitosan/powdered rosemary extract biocomposites of various compositions were characterized in respect to their mechanical and rheological properties, structure by spectroscopy, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. Scanning electron microscopy images evidence the morphology features added by rosemary powder presence in polymeric materials. Incorporation of additives improved elongation at break, antibacterial and antioxidant activity and also biocompatibility. Migration of bioactive components into D1 simulant is slower for PEG-plasticized PLA containing 6 wt % chitosan and 0.5 wt % rosemary extract (PLA/PEG/6CS/0.5 R) biocomposite and it occurred by a diffusion-controlled mechanism. The biocomposites show high hydrophilicity and good in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. No hematological, biochemical and immunological modifications are induced by subcutaneous implantation of biocomposites. All characteristics of the PEG-plasticized PLA-based biocomposites recommend them as valuable materials for biomedical implants, and as well as for the design of innovative drug delivery systems. Also, the developed biocomposites could be a potential nature-derived active packaging with controlled release of antimicrobial/antioxidant compounds.

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