scholarly journals Neuroprotective Effects of Curcumin in Methamphetamine-Induced Toxicity

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2493
Author(s):  
Larisa Ryskalin ◽  
Stefano Puglisi-Allegra ◽  
Gloria Lazzeri ◽  
Francesca Biagioni ◽  
Carla L. Busceti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Autophagy Flux ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
System A ◽  
Cell Clearance ◽  
Toxic Agents ◽  
Natural Polyphenol ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
Pheochromocytoma Pc12

Curcumin (CUR), a natural polyphenol extracted from rhizome of the Curcuma longa L, has received great attention for its multiple potential health benefits as well as disease prevention. For instance, CUR protects against toxic agents acting on the human body, including the nervous system. In detail, CUR possesses, among others, strong effects as an autophagy activator. The present study indicates that CUR counteracts methamphetamine (METH) toxicity. Such a drug of abuse is toxic by disturbing the autophagy machinery. We profited from an unbiased, low variable cell context by using rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cell line. In such a system, a strong protection was exerted by CUR against METH toxicity. This was associated with increased autophagy flux, merging of autophagosomes with lysosomes and replenishment of autophagy vacuoles with LC3, which instead is moved out from the vacuoles by METH. This is expected to enable the autophagy machinery. In fact, while in METH-treated cells the autophagy substrates α-synuclein accumulates in the cytosol, CUR speeds up α-synuclein clearance. Under the effects of CUR LC3 penetrate in autophagy vacuoles to commit them to cell clearance and promotes the autophagy flux. The present data provide evidence that CUR counteracts the neurotoxic effects induced by METH by promoting autophagy.

scholarly journals Curcumin and Heme Oxygenase: Neuroprotection and Beyond

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Mhillaj ◽  
Andrea Tarozzi ◽  
Letizia Pruccoli ◽  
Vincenzo Cuomo ◽  
Luigia Trabace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Biliverdin Reductase ◽  
Systemic Bioavailability ◽  
Natural Polyphenol ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Nutritional Antioxidants

Curcumin is a natural polyphenol component of Curcuma longa Linn, which is currently considered one of the most effective nutritional antioxidants for counteracting free radical-related diseases. Several experimental data have highlighted the pleiotropic neuroprotective effects of curcumin, due to its activity in multiple antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways involved in neurodegeneration. Although its poor systemic bioavailability after oral administration and low plasma concentrations represent restrictive factors for curcumin therapeutic efficacy, innovative delivery formulations have been developed in order to overwhelm these limitations. This review provides a summary of the main findings involving the heme oxygenase/biliverdin reductase system as a valid target in mediating the potential neuroprotective properties of curcumin. Furthermore, pharmacokinetic properties and concerns about curcumin’s safety profile have been addressed.

scholarly journals The Potential Effects of Phytoestrogens: The Role in Neuroprotection

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2954
Author(s):  
Justyna Gorzkiewicz ◽  
Grzegorz Bartosz ◽  
Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz
Keyword(s):  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Estrogen Therapy ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Epigenetic Effects ◽  
Estrogen Synthesis ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Brain

Phytoestrogens are naturally occurring non-steroidal phenolic plant compounds. Their structure is similar to 17-β-estradiol, the main female sex hormone. This review offers a concise summary of the current literature on several potential health benefits of phytoestrogens, mainly their neuroprotective effect. Phytoestrogens lower the risk of menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis, as well as cardiovascular disease. They also reduce the risk of brain disease. The effects of phytoestrogens and their derivatives on cancer are mainly due to the inhibition of estrogen synthesis and metabolism, leading to antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, and epigenetic effects. The brain controls the secretion of estrogen (hypothalamus-pituitary-gonads axis). However, it has not been unequivocally established whether estrogen therapy has a neuroprotective effect on brain function. The neuroprotective effects of phytoestrogens seem to be related to both their antioxidant properties and interaction with the estrogen receptor. The possible effects of phytoestrogens on the thyroid cause some concern; nevertheless, generally, no serious side effects have been reported, and these compounds can be recommended as health-promoting food components or supplements.

scholarly journals Synergistic Action of Flavonoids, Baicalein, and Daidzein in Estrogenic and Neuroprotective Effects: A Development of Potential Health Products and Therapeutic Drugs against Alzheimer’s Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy C. Y. Choi ◽  
Judy T. T. Zhu ◽  
Amanda W. Y. Yung ◽  
Pinky S. C. Lee ◽  
Sherry L. Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Health Products

Despite the classical hormonal effect, estrogen has been reported to mediate neuroprotection in the brain, which leads to the searching of estrogen-like substances for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Flavonoids, a group of natural compounds, are well known to possess estrogenic effects and used to substitute estrogen, that is, phytoestrogen. Flavonoid serves as one of the potential targets for the development of natural supplements and therapeutic drugs against different diseases. The neuroprotection activity of flavonoids was chosen for a possible development of anti-Alzheimer's drugs or food supplements. The estrogenic activity of two flavonoids, baicalein and daidzein, were demonstrated by their strong abilities in stimulating estrogen receptor phosphorylation and transcriptional activation of estrogen responsive element in MCF-7 breast cells. The neuroprotection effects of flavonoids againstβ-amyloid (Aβ) were revealed by their inhibition effects onin vitroAβaggregation and Aβ-induced cytotoxicity in PC12 neuronal cells. More importantly, the estrogenic and neuroprotective activities of individual flavonoid could be further enhanced by the cotreatment in the cultures. Taken together, this synergistic effect of baicalein and daidzein might serve as a method to improve the therapeutic efficacy of different flavonoids against Aβ, which might be crucial in developing those flavonoidsin treating Alzheimer's disease in the future.

Impact of Curcumin on Microsomal Enzyme Activities: Drug Interaction and Chemopreventive Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habibeh Mashayekhi-Sardoo ◽  
Adeleh Mashayekhi‐Sardoo ◽  
Basil D. Roufogalis ◽  
Tannaz Jamialahmadi ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Keyword(s):  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Microsomal Enzyme ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Curcumin Analogs ◽  
The Us ◽  
Natural Polyphenol ◽  
The Impact

: Curcumin, a yellow pigment in Asian spice, is a natural polyphenol component of Curcuma longa rhizome. Curcuminoid components include curcumin, demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC). Previous studies established curcumin as a safe agent based on preclinical and clinical evaluations and curcuminoids have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as “Generally Recognized as Safe” (GRAS). The present review collects and summarizes clinical and preclinical studies of curcumin interactions, with an emphasis on the effect of curcumin and curcumin analogs on the mRNA and protein levels of microsomal CYP450 enzymes (phase I metabolism) and their interactions with toxicants, drugs and drug probes. The literature search was conducted using keywords in various scientific databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar. Studies concerning the impact of curcumin and curcumin analogs on microsomal enzyme activity are reviewed and include oral, topical, and systemic treatment in humans and experimental animals, as well as studies from in vitro research. When taken together the data identified some inconsistent results between various studies. The findings showed significant inhibition of CYP450 enzymes by curcumin and its analogs. However such effects often differed when curcumin and curcumin analogs were coadministered with toxicant and other drugs and drug probes. We conclude from this review that herb-drug interactions should be considered when curcumin and curcumin analogs are consumed.

scholarly journals Curcumin: Could This Compound Be Useful in Pregnancy and Pregnancy-Related Complications?

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Filardi ◽  
Rosaria Varì ◽  
Elisabetta Ferretti ◽  
Alessandra Zicari ◽  
Susanna Morano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Growth Disorders ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Toxic Agents ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Impact ◽  
In Pregnancy

Curcumin, the main polyphenol contained in turmeric root (Curcuma longa), has played a significant role in medicine for centuries. The growing interest in plant-derived substances has led to increased consumption of them also in pregnancy. The pleiotropic and multi-targeting actions of curcumin have made it very attractive as a health-promoting compound. In spite of the beneficial effects observed in various chronic diseases in humans, limited and fragmentary information is currently available about curcumin’s effects on pregnancy and pregnancy-related complications. It is known that immune-metabolic alterations occurring during pregnancy have consequences on both maternal and fetal tissues, leading to short- and long-term complications. The reported anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitoxicant, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, antiapoptotic, antiangiogenic, anti-hypertensive, and antidiabetic properties of curcumin appear to be encouraging, not only for the management of pregnancy-related disorders, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia (PE), depression, preterm birth, and fetal growth disorders but also to contrast damage induced by natural and chemical toxic agents. The current review summarizes the latest data, mostly obtained from animal models and in vitro studies, on the impact of curcumin on the molecular mechanisms involved in pregnancy pathophysiology, with the aim to shed light on the possible beneficial and/or adverse effects of curcumin on pregnancy outcomes.

scholarly journals A Comparison of the Potency of Newly Developed Oximes (K347, K628) and Currently Available Oximes (Obidoxime, HI-6) to Counteract Acute Neurotoxic Effects of Tabun in Rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Jiří Kassa ◽  
Jana Žďárová Karasová ◽  
Sandra Tesařová ◽  
Kamil Musílek ◽  
Kamil Kuča
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Automatic Measurement ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Sublethal Dose ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Hi 6 ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
Acute Neurotoxicity ◽  
Neuroprotective Efficacy ◽  
Functional Observational Battery

The ability of newly developed oximes (K347, K628) to reduce tabun-induced acute neurotoxic signs and symptoms was compared with currently available oximes (obidoxime, HI-6) using a functional observational battery. The neuroprotective effects of the oximes studied (K347, K628, obidoxime, HI-6) combined with atropine on rats poisoned with tabun at a sublethal dose (220 μg/kg i.m.; 80 % of LD50 value) were evaluated. Tabun-induced neurotoxicity was monitored by a functional observational battery and automatic measurement of motor activity at 24 hours following tabun challenge. The results indicate that all tested oximes combined with atropine enable tabun-poisoned rats to survive 24 hours following tabun challenge. Both newly developed oximes (K347, K628) combined with atropine are able to decrease tabun-induced neurotoxicity in the case of sublethal poisonings but they do not eliminate all tabun-induced acute neurotoxic signs and symptoms. Their ability to decrease the tabun-induced acute neurotoxicity is higher than that of the oxime HI-6 and it is slightly slower than the neuroprotective efficacy of obidoxime. As the neuroprotective potency of both newly developed oximes (K347, K628) is not as high as the potency of obidoxime, they are not a suitable replacement for obidoxime for the treatment of acute tabun poisonings.

scholarly journals Biochemistry, Safety, Pharmacological Activities, and Clinical Applications of Turmeric: A Mechanistic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Shabir Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Tauseef Sultan ◽  
Muhammad Sajid Arshad ◽  
Marwa Waheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Safety And Toxicity ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) is a popular natural drug, traditionally used for the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Its root, as its most popular part used for medicinal purposes, contains different types of phytochemicals and minerals. This review summarizes what is currently known on biochemistry, safety, pharmacological activities (mechanistically), and clinical applications of turmeric. In short, curcumin is considered as the fundamental constituent in ground turmeric rhizome. Turmeric possesses several biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antimutagenic, antimicrobial, antiobesity, hypolipidemic, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects. These reported pharmacologic activities make turmeric an important option for further clinical research. Also, there is a discussion on its safety and toxicity.

scholarly journals In vitro gastrointestinal digestion of a bisdemethoxycurcumin-rich Curcuma longa extract and its oral bioavailability in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkataramana Heggar Sudeep ◽  
Kuluvar Gouthamchandra ◽  
Siddappa Chandrappa ◽  
Puttaswamy Naveen ◽  
Budanuru Reethi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Relative Bioavailability ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Turmeric Extract ◽  
In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion

Abstract Background Nonetheless curcumin has potential health benefits, its low bioavailability limits the application of conventional turmeric extract with curcumin as major curcuminoid. This is a comparative study to assess the stability, bioaccessibility and biological activity of BDMC in standardized C. longa extract (REVERC3) relative to curcumin in regular turmeric extract (RTE). Here we report the preparation of a standardized Curcuma longa extract (REVERC3™) standardized to contain 75 ± 5 w/w % bisdemethoxycurcumin (BDMC), 1.2 ± 0.8 w/w % curcumin and 10 ± 5 w/w % demethoxycurcumin (DMC). The turmeric extracts were subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and the curcuminoids in undigested and digested samples were analyzed using HPLC to determine the bioaccessibility. Further, the undigested and digested samples were evaluated for lipase inhibition and antioxidant activities. Male Wistar rats were administered with single dose (1000 mg/kg) of standardized C. longa extract and RTE to determine the plasma concentration of BDMC and curcumin respectively at different time points using LCMS/MS. Results The bioaccessibility of BDMC was significantly higher than curcumin (p < 0.05). BDMC was found superior to curcumin having significant lipase inhibitory effect (p < 0.01), ABTS radical scavenging (p < 0.05), and nitric oxide scavenging activities (p < 0.01). Interestingly, the relative bioavailability of BDMC in standardized C. longa extract was 18.76 compared to curcumin. The Cmax of BDMC was 4.4-fold higher than curcumin. Conclusion BDMC is reported to have higher bioaccessibility and bioavailability than curcumin. Our findings rationalize use of BDMC-enriched standardized C. longa extract for improved physiological benefits counteracting the regular turmeric extract with less bioavailable curcumin as major curcuminoid.

scholarly journals New Promising Therapeutic Avenues of Curcumin in Brain Diseases

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Tarek Benameur ◽  
Giulia Giacomucci ◽  
Maria Antonietta Panaro ◽  
Melania Ruggiero ◽  
Teresa Trotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
And Function

Curcumin, the dietary polyphenol isolated from Curcuma longa (turmeric), is commonly used as an herb and spice worldwide. Because of its bio-pharmacological effects curcumin is also called “spice of life”, in fact it is recognized that curcumin possesses important proprieties such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, antiproliferative, anti-tumoral, and anti-aging. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s Diseases, Parkinson’s Diseases, and Multiple Sclerosis are a group of diseases characterized by a progressive loss of brain structure and function due to neuronal death; at present there is no effective treatment to cure these diseases. The protective effect of curcumin against some neurodegenerative diseases has been proven by in vivo and in vitro studies. The current review highlights the latest findings on the neuroprotective effects of curcumin, its bioavailability, its mechanism of action and its possible application for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.

scholarly journals Propofol effects in rodent models of traumatic brain injury: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 253-265
Author(s):  
Riyadh Firdaus ◽  
Sandy Theresia ◽  
Ryan Austin ◽  
Rani Tiara
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Traumatic Lesion ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects

Abstract Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes high mortality and disability worldwide. Animal models have been developed to explore the complex processes in TBI. Propofol is used to manage head injuries during surgical intervention and mechanical ventilation in patients with TBI. Many studies have investigated the neuroprotective effect of propofol on TBI. However, other studies have shown neurotoxic effects. Objectives To review systematically the literature regarding the neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects of propofol in rodent models of TBI. Methods Data from rodents as models of TBI with propofol as one of the intervention agents, and/or comparing the neuroprotective effects of propofol with the other substances in rodent models of TBI, were obtained from PubMed, EBSCO Host, and ProQuest databases. The PRISMA 2020 statement recommendations were followed and research questions were developed based on PICOS guidelines. Data was extracted from the literature using a standardized Cochrane method. Results We analyzed data from 12 articles on physiological changes of experimental animals before and after trauma, the effects of propofol administration, and the observed neurotoxic effects. The effects of propofol administration were observed in terms of changes in traumatic lesion volume, the release of antioxidants and inflammatory factors, and the neurological function of rodent models of TBI. Conclusion Propofol has neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects via several mechanisms, and various doses have been used in research to determine its effects. The timing of administration, the dose administered, and the duration of administration contribute to determine the effect of propofol in rodent models of TBI. However, the doses that produce neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects are not yet clear and further research is needed to determine them.

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