scholarly journals PHENETHYL ALCOHOL IS AN EFFECTIVE NON-TRADITIONAL PRESERVATIVE AGENT FOR COSMETIC PREPARATIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasithorn Sirilun ◽  
Chaiyavat Chaiyasut ◽  
Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi ◽  
Sartjin Peerajan ◽  
Naphatsorn Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Foam Formation ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Phenethyl Alcohol ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Cosmetic Formulations ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Objective: Preservatives are used in the cosmetic products to protect the potential growth of microbes, therefore to prolong the shelf-life of products and to protect the consumer from infections. However several preservatives can cause various health problems, and the safety profiles of those preservatives are still unclear. Many natural substances are used in the cosmetic products to substitute the traditional preservatives. The present study deals with the evaluation of conservative nature of phenethyl alcohol (PEA) in three cosmetic formulations (emulsion, cleansing, and conditioner).Methods: Three different concentration of PEA (0.3, 1, and 2.5 %) were used in cosmetic formulations. The physical appearance of the formulas was assessed manually, and the antimicrobial nature of PEA and PEA-containing cosmetic formulations were evaluated by agar well plate assay. Results: The use of PEA has not affected the physical appearance, and quality of the formulations, except the high concentration of PEA in the cleansing solution, which reduced the foam formation. The minimal required concentration of PEA in emulsions and cleansings were 1.0% and 2.5% in the conditioners. All cosmetic preparations were subjected to antibacterial and antifungal evaluation. The alkaline pH (> 8) affected the antimicrobial activity of PEA in a cosmetic product.Conclusion: The results suggested that PEA is a potent non-traditional preservative for the cosmetic formulations especially in the emulsion, cleansing solutions, and conditioners.

Ground water quality of selected areas of Punjab and Sind Provinces, Pakistan: Chemical and microbiological aspects

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Concentration ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Ammonium Ions ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Phosphate Ions ◽  
Sodium Magnesium ◽  
Very High ◽  
Microbiological Aspects

The assessment of groundwater is essential for the estimation of suitability of water for safe use. An attempt has been made to study the groundwater of selected areas of Punjab (Sheikhupura & Sahiwal) and Sindh (Sindh, Jawar Dharki and Dharki), Pakistan. The results indicate that pH, color and odor were all within limits of WHO that is pH ranges 6.5–8.5, colorless and odorless, respectively. The high values of suspended solids were observed in the Sindh-1 and Dharki samples. Microbiologically only Sahiwal and Jawar Dharki were found fit for drinking purpose. Trace metals analysis of Sheikhupura-1 and Sindh-1 showed that values do not fall within limits of WHO for Iron. The ionic concentration analysis showed that high bicarbonate (HCO3-), ions are present in the samples of Sahiwal and Dharki; Sindh-1 and Jawar Dharki samples showed very high concentration for chloride ions, all samples were satisfactory level for sulphate (SO42-), sodium, magnesium and phosphate ions except samples of Sindh-1 and Jawar Dharki. High concentration of calcium and potassium ions was observed in samples of Sindh-1, while all other samples were found fit for drinking purposes in respect of nitrate, nitrite and ammonium ions. The high concentration of Fluoride was found only in Sheikhupura-2 samples.

scholarly journals Advantages of Hyaluronic Acid and Its Combination with Other Bioactive Ingredients in Cosmeceuticals

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4429
Author(s):  
Anca Maria Juncan ◽  
Dana Georgiana Moisă ◽  
Antonello Santini ◽  
Claudiu Morgovan ◽  
Luca-Liviu Rus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
Aesthetic Medicine ◽  
Cosmetic Formulations ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Bioactive Ingredients ◽  
Brand Portfolio

This study proposes a review on hyaluronic acid (HA) known as hyaluronan or hyaluronate and its derivates and their application in cosmetic formulations. HA is a glycosaminoglycan constituted from two disaccharides (N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucuronic acid), isolated initially from the vitreous humour of the eye, and subsequently discovered in different tissues or fluids (especially in the articular cartilage and the synovial fluid). It is ubiquitous in vertebrates, including humans, and it is involved in diverse biological processes, such as cell differentiation, embryological development, inflammation, wound healing, etc. HA has many qualities that recommend it over other substances used in skin regeneration, with moisturizing and anti-ageing effects. HA molecular weight influences its penetration into the skin and its biological activity. Considering that, nowadays, hyaluronic acid has a wide use and a multitude of applications (in ophthalmology, arthrology, pneumology, rhinology, aesthetic medicine, oncology, nutrition, and cosmetics), the present study describes the main aspects related to its use in cosmetology. The biological effect of HA on the skin level and its potential adverse effects are discussed. Some available cosmetic products containing HA have been identified from the brand portfolio of most known manufacturers and their composition was evaluated. Further, additional biological effects due to the other active ingredients (plant extracts, vitamins, amino acids, peptides, proteins, saccharides, probiotics, etc.) are presented, as well as a description of their possible toxic effects.

scholarly journals Valorization of Sicanaodorifera (Vell.) Naudin Epicarp as a Source of Bioactive Compounds: Chemical Characterization and Evaluation of Its Bioactive Properties

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 700
Author(s):  
Bianca R. Albuquerque ◽  
Maria Inês Dias ◽  
Carla Pereira ◽  
Jovana Petrović ◽  
Marina Soković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Fruit bio-residues can be interesting for the recovery of bioactive molecules, such as phenolic compounds, tocopherols, vitamins, among others. These compounds can be targeted at the food industry and used for the development of functional foods or as food additives. In some cases, fruit epicarps are converted into by-products with non-commercial value, and generally, these fruit parts have a higher content in bioactive compounds than the fruit pulp. From this perspective, S. odorifera, a Brazilian fruit, has an inedible epicarp that could be explored to obtain biological compounds. Therefore, the aims of this study were to evaluate the chemical composition and the antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial bioactivities of this by-product. S. odorifera epicarp showed a total of four organic acids, four phenolic compounds, highlighting the high concentration of anthocyanins (24 ± 1 mg/g dry weight (dw)) and high content of tocopherols (366 ± 2 mg/100 g dw). The hydroethanolic extract showed considerable antioxidant activity (EC50 values of 48.2 ± 0.5 and 27 ± 1 µg/mL for TBARS and OxHLIA assays, respectively), as also antibacterial and antifungal activities (minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ≤ 2.2 mg/mL). The results obtained in this study suggest that Sicana odorifera epicarp represents a reliable option for the development of novel natural-based colorants with functional/bioactive proprieties.

Species Composition of the Lichen Biota in Industrially Polluted Territories of Leninsky District of Irkutsk

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-545
Author(s):  
Evgeny Kharin ◽  
Olga Belykh
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Passive Monitoring ◽  
Industrial Pollutants ◽  
Lichen Biota ◽  
Complex Influence ◽  
Lichen Indication

In the context of the development of infrastructure in Siberian cities, the issues of the state of the areas with accumulated environmental damage is especially relevant. It is mentioned in the article that lichen indication is an efficient method of passive monitoring of environment for industrial pollutants caused by morphological changes occurring in sensitive objects. The results of the lichen floristic research of Leninsky district of Irkutsk are presented, a list of revealed lichens including 9 genera and 12 species is given, a taxonomic list of this area is discussed. Lichenological objects were mapped. Distribution of lichens in the area of research is investigated with regard to the presence of recreational and residential zones. The authors draw a conclusion about the presence of «lichens deserts» which are caused both by the absence of the respective substratum and high concentration of pollutants. High concentration of pollutants is caused by complex influence of different enterprises on the quality of air.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study of Gender Differences in Quality of Life Domains in Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type 1

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geohana Hamoy-Jimenez ◽  
Hadiya Elahmar ◽  
Meg Mendoza ◽  
Raymond Kim ◽  
Vera Bril ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Appearance Anxiety ◽  
Sf 36

Abstract Background. There is limited data regarding gender differences in quality of life between women and men with Neurofibromatosis type 1. We aimed to study differences in quality of life domains between women and men with Neurofibromatosis type 1 living in Canada.Methods: This is a cross sectional study of adults with Neurofibromatosis type 1 attending a tertiary NF centre at Toronto General Hospital between January 2016 to December 2017. Demographic and clinical data were collected. We compared scores of generic measures (SF-36, EQ-5D-5L, pain interference) and a disease-specific measure (PedsQL-NF1 module) between women and men. We also assessed the relationship between disease visibility scored by an examiner (Ablon’s visibility index) and self-reported perceived physical appearance, stratified by gender.Results. One hundred and sixty-two participants were enrolled, 92 females and 70 males. Ablon’s index score 1 was in 43% and score 2 in 44%, while only 13% of patients had a score 3. Women had worse scores on the total PedsQL-NF1 scales, and also in the perceived physical appearance, anxiety and emotional health domains. In women, there was a significant association between Ablon’s index and perceived physical appearance, with lower scores with increments in Ablon’s class (ANOVA p<0.001). In men, there was no difference in self-reported physical appearance by Ablon’s index. There were no differences between men and women in the SF-36 or EQ-5D-5L scores.Conclusion. Women with NF1 reported worse NF1-related quality of life than men, with worse perceived physical appearance, anxiety, and mental health. Perceived physical appearance did not always correlate to disease visibility; therefore, healthcare providers should inquire about body image, physical appearance concerns, and mental health, especially among women with NF1.

scholarly journals Investigation on heroin and cocaine quality in Luxembourg

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adèle Bourmaud ◽  
Georges Dahm ◽  
François Meys ◽  
Nicolas Gengler ◽  
Alain Origer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Drug Consumption ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Harm Prevention ◽  
Local Levels

Abstract Background Heroin and cocaine are among the most dangerous illicit drugs available and their presence on the market is increasing. These facts have led to the investigation of the quality of heroin and cocaine samples seized in Luxembourg by police and customs but also collected at the national supervised drug consumption facilities. Methods Samples obtained from 2019 to 2020 were analyzed to determine their composition and content using GC–MS, HPLC-UV and LC-Q-ToF. The statistical evaluation of concentration changes depending on the source of collection is based on an ANOVA single factor test and a two-tailed t test. Results Results showed important differences between seizure and collection sources. For both drugs, customs samples had significantly higher concentrations than police samples and the latter had significantly higher concentrations than samples from drug consumption facilities, whereas for heroin two cutting steps were identified, for cocaine samples only one appears to occur on the local market. Indeed, cocaine samples seized by police consisted of a mixture of low and high concentration samples. Conclusion The results show that extensive adulteration with pharmacological active and inactive compounds takes place at local levels, which, however, are different for heroin and cocaine. This knowledge on variability of quality of drugs should be considered in the elaboration of drug and harm prevention strategies.

scholarly journals Effects of minimally invasive and traditional surgeries on the quality of life of children with congenital heart disease: a retrospective propensity score-matched study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Tan ◽  
Erjia Huang ◽  
Xicheng Deng ◽  
Dongping Li ◽  
Shayuan Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Minimally Invasive Surgery ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Invasive Surgery ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Physical Appearance

Abstract Background The focus of clinical care after treating congenital heart disease (CHD) has shifted from saving patients’ lives to improving their quality of life. This study aimed to examine the influence of minimally invasive and traditional surgeries on the quality of life of children with CHD. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. A total of 459 children aged 2–18 years with CHD treated at Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from July 2016 to June 2017 were enrolled, among whom 219 underwent minimally invasive surgery and 240 traditional surgery. The quality of life of children with CHD after surgery was reported by the patients’ parents. We applied propensity score matching to correct for confounding factors and conducted multiple linear regression analysis to examine the related effects of minimally invasive and traditional surgeries on the quality of life of children with CHD. Results The scores of problems related to perceived physical appearance in children undergoing minimally invasive surgery was higher than those in those undergoing traditional surgery (p = 0.004). Different treatment modes were independent influencing factors for problems related to perceived physical appearance in children with CHD. There was no significant difference in average treatment effect scores of children undergoing different surgical procedures in other quality of life dimensions (problems related to cardiac symptoms and their treatment, drug treatment, anxiety regarding treatment, cognitive psychology, and communication), suggesting that different operation modes were not independent influencing factors for these related problems. Conclusion Compared with traditional surgery, minimally invasive surgery can significantly improve the physical appearance perception scores of children with CHD after surgery. Therefore, minimally invasive surgery can improve the quality of life of children with CHD.

scholarly journals Analysis of Human Capital and Natural Resource Use as Sources of Growth: Turkey Example

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ender Mehmet Şahinkoç ◽  
Türker Tuğsal
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Structural Problems ◽  
Turkish Economy ◽  
Technological Developments

The aim of this research is to analyze human capital, natural resources, and technological developments, which are the determinants of growth. The use of these resources has been evaluated with country data sets. In this research, the sources of growth have been examined; moreover, growth performance of Turkey has also been analyzed. Human capital can be considered as a prominent factor among the sources of growth. In this context, studies on measuring the quality of human capital have been examined. The use of natural resources and technology for economic growth is one of the areas examined in this research. Furthermore, literature has been reiterated and the concept of growth has been explained theoretically with traditional and modern aspects. In order to measure "human capital" which is one of the sources of growth; Turkish Statistical Institution (TUIK) and the World Bank data have been used. In the tables, the data that show the education level develeopment in Turkey are presented over the years. Besides, Turkey's potential growth rate and annual growth rates have been evaluated. To conclude, the growth performance of Turkey has been evaluated and the importance of increasing the quality of human capital is emphasized. Recommendations have been made to increase potential growth and ensure sustainable growth. Some structural problems have been identified as a result of examining the development of the Turkish economy over the years. These structural problems have been addressed and solutions investigated.

Cosmetic potential of boiled water of Hijiki (Sargassum fusiforme) grown in the ocean in Okinawa, Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanagasaki Takashi
Keyword(s):  
Marine Algae ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cosmetic Products ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Melanin Pigmentation ◽  
Sargassum Fusiforme ◽  
Cladosiphon Okamuranus ◽  
High Possibility ◽  
Boiled Water

Abstract Okinawa has most beautiful ocean that attracts tourists and it was recorded over 10 million foreign tourists visited Okinawa in 2018. The ocean surrounding Okinawa has various species of marine algae that could be raw material for cosmetic products because it has high concentration of phenolic compounds contributing antioxidant activity. There is an urgent need to create Okinawa’s unique brands for cosmetic products using marine algae grown in the ocean of Okinawa. Some of marine algae including popular seaweed food, Mozuku (Cladosiphon okamuranus Tokida) and Hijiki (Sargassum fusiforme), had high oxygen radical absorbance capacity and tyrosinase inhibition. In the food processing of Hijiki, there is a boiling step needed. And this Hijiki liquor is wasted 15 tons per year. To take advantage of this residue, development of cosmetic products derived from Hijiki liquor should be required. Hijiki liquor had the effect of decreasing melanin pigmentation and no cytotoxicity in a three-dimensional human skin model. Therefore, there is a high possibility that Hijiki liquor is a great material for cosmetic products.

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