scholarly journals Development and Physicochemical Properties of Low Saturation Alternative Fat for Whipping Cream

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4586
Author(s):  
Jung-Ah Shin ◽  
Yea-Jin Hong ◽  
Ki-Teak Lee

We developed an alternative whipping cream fat using shea butter but with low saturation. Enriched stearic-oleic-stearic (SOS) solid fat was obtained from shea butter via solvent fractionation. Acyl migration reactant, which mainly contains asymmetric SSO triacylglycerol (TAG), was prepared through enzymatic acyl migration to obtain the creaming quality derived from the β’-crystal form. Through enzymatic acyl migration, we obtained a 3.4-fold higher content of saturated-saturated-unsaturated (SSU) TAG than saturated-unsaturated-saturated (SUS) TAG. The acyl migration reactant was refined to obtain refined acyl migration reactant (RAMR). An alternative fat product was prepared by blending RAMR and hydrogenated palm kernel oil (HPKO) at a ratio of 4:6 (w/w). The melting points, solid fat index (SFI), and melting curves of the alternative products were similar to those of commercial whipping cream fat. The alternative fat had a content of total unsaturated fatty acids 20% higher than that of HPKO. The atherogenic index (AI) of alternative fat was 3.61, much lower than those of whipping cream fat (14.59) and HPKO (1220.3), because of its low atherogenic fatty acid content and high total unsaturated fatty acids. The polymorphic crystal form determined by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy showed that the β’-crystal form was predominant. Therefore, the alternative fat is comparable with whipping cream that requires creaming quality, and has a reduced saturated fat content.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Ziomkiewicz ◽  
Magdalena Babiszewska ◽  
Anna Apanasewicz ◽  
Magdalena Piosek ◽  
Patrycja Wychowaniec ◽  
...  

AbstractWe studied a sample of 146 Polish, exclusively breastfeeding mothers and their healthy born on time infants to explore the effect of perinatal psychosocial stress on breast milk composition. Maternal perinatal stress was assessed using Recent Life Changes Questionnaire summarizing stressful events from the previous six months. Stress reactivity was determined by administering the cold pressor test and measuring cortisol in saliva samples taken during the test. Breast milk sample was taken to measure energy, protein, fat, lactose, and fatty acid content. Analyses revealed that stress reactivity was positively associated with milk fat and long-chain unsaturated fatty acids and negatively associated with milk lactose. Perinatal psychosocial stress negatively affected energy density, fat as well as medium-chain and long-chain saturated fatty acids in milk. These results, together with previous studies, advocate monitoring maternal psychological status during the peripartum to promote breastfeeding and healthy infant nutrition.


Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1133
Author(s):  
Atique Ahmed Behan ◽  
Muhammad Tayyab Akhtar ◽  
Teck Chwen Loh ◽  
Sharida Fakurazi ◽  
Ubedullah Kaka ◽  
...  

The supplementation of rumen bypass fat (RBF) has remained one of the preferred approaches used to decrease undesirable saturated fatty acids (FA) and increase beneficial unsaturated FA in the meat. This study was planned to evaluate the influences of rumen bypass fats on meat quality, fatty acid and metabolic profiles in male Dorper sheep (n = 36) with 24.66 ± 0.76 kg (mean ± standard error) initial body weight. Treatment comprised a basal diet (30:70 rice straw to concentrate) with no added RBF as a control (CON), basal diet with prilled fat (PF), basal diet with prilled fat plus lecithin (PFL) and basal diet with calcium soap of palm fatty acids (CaS). The findings revealed that cooking loss, drip loss and shear force in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were not affected by RBF supplementation, while meat pH was significantly higher in the CaS on aging day 1. However, the diet supplemented with prilled fat and lecithin modified the meat’s fatty acid profile significantly by increasing unsaturated fatty acids and decreasing saturated fats. The relative quantification of the major differentiating metabolites found in LD muscle of sheep showed that total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, choline, glycerophosphocholine and glycerophospholipids were significantly lower in CaS and PFL diets, while glycerol and sphingomyelin were significantly higher in CaS and PFL diets. Most of the metabolites in the liver did not show any significant difference. Based on our results, the supplementation of protected fats did not have a negative influence on meat quality and the meat from Dorper sheep fed prilled fat with lecithin contained more healthy fatty acids compared to other diets.


2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 212-212
Author(s):  
S J Hosseini Vashan ◽  
N Afzali ◽  
A Golian ◽  
M Malekaneh ◽  
A Allahressani

Palm oil is the most abundant of all oils produced globally. It is very high in saturated fatty acids specifically palmitic acid, but other fatty acids (monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated) are presented at low concentrations. In the processing plant some high amount of oleic acid with some other unsaturated fatty acids are extracted and marketed as Palm olein oil, and used to reduce blood or egg cholesterol (Rievelles et al., 1994). The objective of this study was to determine the optimum level of dietary palm olein oil required to enrich the mono-unsaturated fatty acid content of yolk, egg cholesterol and antibody titre.


2018 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Wu ◽  
Runying Gao ◽  
Fang Tian ◽  
Yingyi Mao ◽  
Bei Wang ◽  
...  

AbstractThis study quantified the fatty acid profile with emphasis on the stereo-specifically numbered (sn) 2 positional distribution in TAG and the composition of main phospholipids at different lactation stages. Colostrum milk (n 70), transitional milk (n 96) and mature milk (n 82) were obtained longitudinally from healthy lactating women in Shanghai. During lactation, total fatty acid content increased, with SFA dominating in fatty acid profile. A high ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFA was observed as 11:1 over lactation due to the abundance of linoleic acid in Chinese human milk. As the main SFA, palmitic acid showed absolute sn-2 selectivity, while oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, the main unsaturated fatty acids, were primarily esterified at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions. Nervonic acid and C22 PUFA including DHA were more enriched in colostrum with an sn-2 positional preference. A total of three dominant phospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM)) were analysed in the collected samples, and each showed a decline in amount over lactation. PC was the dominant compound followed by SM and PE. With prolonged breast-feeding time, percentage of PE in total phospholipids remained constant, but PC decreased, and SM increased. Results from this study indicated a lipid profile different from Western reports and may aid the development of future infant formula more suitable for Chinese babies.


1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (2) ◽  
pp. G127-G133
Author(s):  
L. M. McLeay ◽  
J. M. Fitzgerald

Effects on ovine gastric function of procedures that increase intestinal unsaturated fatty acid content are unknown, and the present aim was to compare the effects of duodenal unsaturated and saturated fatty acids on gastric secretion in conscious sheep. During the maximal gastric secretory response to a meal, 10 ml gallbladder bile alone or with myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids and oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids were infused into the duodenum at a rate of 5 g fatty acid . h-1 for 1 h. Compared with control 154 mM NaCl (100%), acid output was reduced to 4-7% of control with infusion of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids and myristic acids plus bile. Reductions in acid secretion persisted for up to 5 h from the end of infusion. In contrast, the infusion of palmitic and stearic acids with bile caused mean maximal reductions in acid output, respectively, to only 64 and 55% of control, and levels returned to control within 1 h of the end of infusion. Bile infusion alone caused no reduction in acid secretion. Under the conditions used, C18 unsaturated fatty acids and myristic acid were potent inhibitors of ovine gastric acid secretion. The lesser effects of palmitic and stearic acids were probably related to their reduced solubility and absorption.


Author(s):  
З.А. БАРАНОВА ◽  
И.Б. КРАСИНА ◽  
С.Н. НИКОНОВИЧ ◽  
Е.И. БАРАНОВА

Совершенствование процессов модификации масел и жиров при получении жировых полуфабрикатов с оптимальными свойствами кристаллообразования является актуальным для масложирового и кондитерского производств. Существует ограниченное количество природных растительных масел с оптимальным жирнокислотным и триглицеридным составом для применения в качестве основы жировых смесей при производстве кондитерских жировых начинок. Богатые насыщенными жирными кислотами какао-масло и масло ши являются дорогостоящими жировыми компонентами со специфическими свойствами для использования в кондитерских изделиях. Между тем пальмовое масло имеет хороший баланс между насыщенными и ненасыщенными жирными кислотами. С целью снижения себестоимости жировых полуфабрикатов за счет повторной переработки образующихся промежуточных олеиновых фракций пальмового масла и получения жировых полуфабрикатов, имеющих аналогичные средней фракции пальмового масла физико-химические и структурно-механические свойства, проведено комплексное исследование физико-химических свойств и основных показателей плавления и застывания разработанных жировых композиций: температура застывания не более 23,4°C; твердость при 20°C от 43,7 до 44,7%; массовая доля триглицерида POP от 41,4 до 42,7%. Физико-химические характеристики исходных компонентов жировых полуфабрикатов, %, твердость при 20°C: промежуточной олеиновой фракции 32,5; первой стеариновой фракции 74,3; средней фракции пальмового масла 45,6. Температура плавления промежуточной олеиновой фракции 32,8°C. Получены образцы жировых полуфабрикатов для производства кондитерских жировых начинок (индекс кристаллизации от 1,9 до 2,0). Результаты исследования показали возможность создания жировых полуфабрикатов – аналогов средней фракции пальмового масла, имеющих в составе 10% промежуточной олеиновой фракции. Improvement of the processes of modification of oils and fats when obtaining fatty semi-finished products with optimal crystal formation properties is relevant for production fat and oil products and confectionery. There is a limited amount of natural vegetable oils with an optimal fatty acid and triglyceride composition for use as the basis of fatty mixtures in the production of confectionery fat fillings. Rich in saturated fatty acids, cocoa butter and shea butter are expensive fatty components with specific properties for use in confectionery. Meanwhile, palm oil has a good balance between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. In order to reduce the cost of semi-finished fat products by re-processing the formed intermediate oleic fractions of palm oil and obtaining fat semi-finished products having physicochemical and structural-mechanical properties similar to the middle fraction of palm oil, a comprehensive study of the physicochemical properties and the main indicators of melting and solidification developed fatty compositions: pour point no more than 23,4°C; hardness at 20°Cfrom 43,7 to 44,7%; mass fraction of POP triglyceride from 41,4 to 42,7%. Physical and chemical characteristics of the initial components of fatty semi-finished products, %, hardness at 20°C: intermediate oleic fraction 32,5; first stearic fraction 74,3; middle palm oil fraction 45,6. The melting point of the intermediate oleic fraction is 32,8°C. Samples of fatty semi-finished products for the production of confectionery fatty fillings (crystallization index from 1,9 to 2,0) were obtained. The results of the study showed the possibility of creating fatty semi-finished products – analogues of the mid-fraction of palm oil, which contain 10% of the intermediate oleic fraction.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kapil Dev ◽  
Jubeda Begum ◽  
Avishek Biswas ◽  
Nasir Akbar Mir ◽  
Jitendra Singh ◽  
...  

AbstractThis study investigated the role of dietary prebiotic mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), and probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum (BFD) in lipid metabolism, deposition, and consequent health indices in broiler chicken. The supplementation of 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed resulted in downregulation of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, sterolregulatory element binding protein-1, and apolipoprotein B100; and up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α AMP-activated protein kinase α-1, and stearoyl CoA (∆9) desaturase-1 hepatic expression in broiler chicken. The birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed depicted lower body fat percentage, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and saturated fatty acid contents, whereas, higher palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and MUFA contents were observed. The ∆9-desaturase indices of chicken meat have shown higher values; and elongase index (only thigh) and thioesterase index have shown lower values in birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed. The meat health indices such as Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)/Saturated fatty acids (SFA) ratio, Mono-saturated fatty acids (MUFA)/SFA ratio, unsaturated fatty acids (UFA)/SFA ratio, hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic fatty acid ratio, saturation index, atherogenic index, thrombogenic index, and hypercholesterolemic fatty acid content were positively improved in birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed. Similarly, the birds supplemented with 0.2% MOS along with either 106 or 107 CFU BFD/g feed have shown lower serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels along with higher high density levels and improved serum health indices cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic coefficient, and, atherogenic index of plasma.


2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 174-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.G. Berger

The results of nutritional research on fatty acids have led to the recommendation that the level of trans-fatty acids in foods (the products of partial hydrogenation of oils) should be reduced as far as possible. Palm oil and palm kernel oil are readily available and economical sources of solid fat. Formulae using oils to make fats for the main types of food products are reviewed.


2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriána Bednárová ◽  
Ján Mocák ◽  
Walter Gössler ◽  
Margit Velik ◽  
Josef Kaufmann ◽  
...  

AbstractThe main aim of the present study was to find differences in the content of fatty acids and variations in elemental composition in beef samples of longissimus dorsi muscle related to cattle age and gender. A further goal was to describe interrelations among the selected variables (descriptors) characterising the samples. For this purpose, an extensive data table was compiled, which contains chemical descriptors specifying forty-six beef samples originating from four well-known Austrian grassland-based beef labels. The following descriptors were investigated: (a) concentrations of 33 fatty acids, (b) concentrations of 19 elements, (c) contents of dry-mass, protein, intramuscular fat, and ash, (d) total content of saturated fatty acids (SFA), mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), (e) total contents of omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) PUFA and their ratio. The correlation analysis provided a number of statistically significant correlations among the descriptors, which were concordant with the results of the principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Furthermore, the effect of age and gender of cattle (both acting as target factors) on the fatty acid content and elemental composition of beef was examined by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and appropriate non-parametric tests. Several important interrelations among the beef characteristics investigated were also discovered. Finally, the most relevant beef descriptors were utilised in linear discrimination analysis (LDA) for predicting the slaughter age of the cattle for beef authentication.


2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mouna Ben Farhat ◽  
Rym Chaouch -Hamada ◽  
Ahmed Landoulsi

Summary A comparative study of the oil yield and fatty acid composition of three Salvia species seeds collected in different locations has been conducted. Seed oil extraction was made using a Soxhlet-extractor and fatty acid analysis was undertaken using a GC-FID. The effect of the collecting site on oil yield, as well as the content of individual fatty acid and total fatty acid and fatty acid content was significant. Seed oil yield varied from 14.94 to 22.83% and the total fatty acids ranged from 67.36 to 82.49 mg/g DW. α-Linolenic (24.02-49.19%), linoleic (20.13-42.88%), oleic (12.97-17.81%) and palmitic (8.37-16.63%) acids were the most abundant fatty acids in all analyzed samples. α-Linolenic acid was found to be the major fatty acid in S. verbenaca and S. officinalis species, however, S. aegyptiaca was characterized by the prevalence of linoleic acid. Among the unsaturated fatty acids, which were represented in all samples in high amounts (78.16-89.34%), the polyunsaturated fatty acids (α-linolenic and linoleic acids) showed important levels ranging from 63.09 to 74.71%. Seeds of S. verbenaca were the richest in polyunsaturated fatty acids.


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