Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on the Terpene Trilactones, Flavonoids, and Phenolic Acids in Ginkgo biloba L. Leaves: Relevance to Leaf Senescence

The present study compared the effects of natural senescence and methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) treatment on the levels of terpene trilactones (TTLs; ginkgolides and bilobalide), phenolic acids, and flavonoids in the primary organs of Ginkgo biloba leaves, leaf blades, and petioles. Levels of the major TTLs, ginkgolides B and C, were significantly higher in the leaf blades of naturally senesced yellow leaves harvested on 20 October compared with green leaves harvested on 9 September. In petioles, a similar effect was found, although the levels of these compounds were almost half as high. These facts indicate the importance of the senescence process on TTL accumulation. Some flavonoids and phenolic acids also showed changes in content related to maturation or senescence. Generally, the application of JA-Me slightly but substantially increased the levels of TTLs in leaf blades irrespective of the difference in its application side on the leaves. Of the flavonoids analyzed, levels of quercetin, rutin, quercetin-4-glucoside, apigenin, and luteolin were dependent on the JA-Me application site, whereas levels of (+) catechin and (−) epicatechin were not. Application of JA-Me increased ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid esters in the petiole but decreased the levels of these compounds in the leaf blade. The content of p-coumaric acid glycosides and caffeic acid esters was only slightly modified by JA-Me. In general, JA-Me application affected leaf senescence by modifying the accumulation of ginkogolides, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. These effects were also found to be different in leaf blades and petioles. Based on JA-Me- and aging-related metabolic changes in endogenous levels of the secondary metabolites in G. biloba leaves, we discussed the results of study in the context of basic research and possible practical application.

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Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Mechanism of Terpene Trilactones Improvement by Exogenous Methyl Jasmonate in Ginkgo biloba

Plant Molecular Biology Reporter ◽

10.1007/s11105-021-01302-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Junping Tan ◽

Muxian Han ◽

Dun Mao ◽

Shuiyuan Cheng ◽

Jiabao Ye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methyl Jasmonate ◽

Ginkgo Biloba ◽

Regulatory Mechanism ◽

Transcriptomic Analysis ◽

Terpene Trilactones ◽

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis

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Methyl jasmonate induces leaf senescence of Ginkgo biloba L.: relevance to endogenous levels of plant hormones

Plant Growth Regulation ◽

10.1007/s10725-020-00612-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 91 (3) ◽

pp. 383-396

Author(s):

Marian Saniewski ◽

Michał Dziurka ◽

Kinga Dziurka ◽

Justyna Góraj-Koniarska ◽

Junichi Ueda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methyl Jasmonate ◽

Leaf Senescence ◽

Plant Hormones ◽

Ginkgo Biloba

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The effect of methyl jasmonate and phenolic acids on growth of seedlings and accumulation of anthocyanins in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2009.006 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 49-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Marcin Horbowicz ◽

Halina Mioduszewska ◽

Danuta Koczkodaj ◽

Marian Saniewski

Keyword(s):

Methyl Jasmonate ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Cinnamic Acid ◽

Primary Root ◽

Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽

Coumaric Acid ◽

Common Buckwheat ◽

Simultaneous Treatment ◽

Primary Roots ◽

Growth Of Seedlings

The effect of methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) and phenolic acids: trans-cinnamic acid (t-CA), p-coumaric acid (p-CA), salicylic acid (SA) as well as naringenine (NAR) on growth of seedlings and accumulation of anthocyanins in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) were studied. JA-Me and phenolics were applied to growth medium of 4-days etiolated buckwheat seedlings before their exposition to day/night (16h/8h) conditions. The increase of primary roots and hypocotyls length were measured after 3 days of seedling growth in such conditions. At the end of experiment the total anthocyanins contents were measured as well. Methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) and trans-cinnamic acid (t-CA) inhibited growth of the primary root in young buckwheat seedlings, while naringenine (NAR) had a stimulatory influence, and p-coumaric acid had no effect at all. None of investigated phenolics or JA-Me had an effect on the growth of buckwheat hypocotyls, except the mixture of JA-Me and p-coumarcic acid. JA-Me significantly decreased the anthocyanins level in buckwheat hypocototyls, but not in cotyledons. trans-Cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid and naringenine had no significant influence on the anthocyanin level in hypocotyls and cotyledons of buckwheat seedlings. Simultaneous treatment of buckwheat seedlings with JA-Me and t-CA or p-CA did not change the inhibition of anthocyanins accumulation in buckwheat hypocotyls by JA-Me. In the hypocotyls of buckwheat treated with a mixture of JA-Me and NAR, or SA, a synergistic reduction of anthocyanins was observed.

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Concurrent Supercritical Fluid Chromatographic Analysis Of Terpene Trilactones And Ginkgolic Acids In Ginkgo Biloba Extracts And Dietary Supplements

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0036-1578644 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 82 (05) ◽

Author(s):

M Wang ◽

EJ Carrell ◽

AG Chittiboyina ◽

B Avula ◽

YH Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dietary Supplements ◽

Supercritical Fluid ◽

Ginkgo Biloba ◽

Chromatographic Analysis ◽

Terpene Trilactones ◽

Ginkgo Biloba Extracts ◽

Ginkgolic Acids

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α-Glucosidase Inhibition and Docking Studies of 5-Deoxyflavonols and Dihydroflavonols Isolated from Abutilon pakistanicum

Current Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1385272823666191001224741 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (17) ◽

pp. 1857-1866

Author(s):

Munawar Hussain ◽

Zaheer Ahmed ◽

Shamsun N. Khan ◽

Syed A. A. Shah ◽

Rizwana Razi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methanolic Extract ◽

Docking Studies ◽

Hydroxyl Group ◽

Coumaric Acid ◽

In Vitro Activity ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

First Time ◽

Acid Esters ◽

Phenol Moiety

Three new 5-deoxyflavonoid and dihydroflavonoids 2, 3 and 4 have been isolated from the methanolic extract of Abutioln pakistanicum aerial parts, for which structures were elucidated explicitly by extensive MS- and NMR-experiments. In addition to these, 3,7,4′-trihydroxy-3′-methoxy flavonol (1) is reported for the first time from Abutioln pakistanicum. Compound 2 and 4 are p-coumaric acid esters while compounds 2–4 exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Docking studies indicated that the ability of flavonoids 2, 3 and 4 to form multiple hydrogen bonds with catalytically important residues is decisive hence is responsible for the inhibition activity. The docking results signified the observed in-vitro activity quite well which is in accordance with previously obtained conclusion that phenol moiety and hydroxyl group are critical for the inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme.

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Quantitative GC-FID and UHPLC-DAD Evaluation of Bioactive Compounds Extracted from Ginkgo biloba

Current Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1573411015666191010124224 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 893-904

Author(s):

Alessandra von Ahn ◽

João Henrique Z. dos Santos

Keyword(s):

Ginkgo Biloba ◽

Extraction Efficiency ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Ginkgo Biloba Extract ◽

Previous Method ◽

Array Detector ◽

Ginkgolide B ◽

Detection Techniques ◽

Ginkgolide A ◽

Terpene Trilactones

Background: The official compendium of the quantification of ginkgo flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba extract has been proposed using HPLC. The drawbacks of this technique appear to be due to the restricted efficiency in terms of the recovery results and suitability of the system for the quantification of these compounds. This study investigated the potential advantages and limitations of the development of efficient extraction methods for the recovery of flavonol glycosides (quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin) and terpene trilactones (bilobalide, ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B and ginkgolide C) using extraction, quantification and detection techniques, namely, GC-FID and UHPLC-DAD, which are alternatives to those techniques available in the literature. Methods: Two different extraction methodologies have been developed for the determination of flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin) and terpene trilactones (bilobalide, ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B and ginkgolide C) using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector and gas chromatography coupled to a flame ionization detector. Results: In this study, the Ginkgo biloba extract mass, hydrolysis preparation method (with or without reflux), and volume of the extraction solution seemed to affect the ginkgo flavonoid recovery. The UHPLC-based method exhibited higher extraction efficiency for ginkgo flavonoid quantification compared to the pharmacopoeial method. The developed method exhibited higher extraction efficiency for terpene quantification compared to the previous method that used extractive solution without pH adjustment, with less time of extraction and less amount of the sample and organic solvent aliquots. Conclusion: The UHPLC and GC analysis methods established in this study are both effective and efficient. These methods may improve the quality control procedures for ginkgo extract and commercial products available in today´s natural health product market. The results indicate that redeveloped extraction methods can be a viable alternative to traditional extraction methods.

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METABOLISM OF PHENYLPROPANOID COMPOUNDS IN SALVIA: II. BIOSYNTHESIS OF PHENOLIC CINNAMIC ACIDS

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology ◽

10.1139/y59-057 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 537-547 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

D. R. McCalla ◽

A. C. Neish

Keyword(s):

Caffeic Acid ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Cinnamic Acid ◽

Shikimic Acid ◽

Sinapic Acid ◽

Coumaric Acid ◽

Cinnamic Acids ◽

Phenyllactic Acid ◽

Salvia Splendens ◽

Specific Activities

p-Coumaric, caffeic, ferulic, and sinapic acids were found to occur in Salvia splendens Sello in alkali-labile compounds of unknown constitution. A number of C14-labelled compounds were administered to leafy cuttings of salvia and these phenolic acids were isolated after a metabolic period of several hours and their specific activities measured. Cinnamic acid, dihydrocinnamic acid, L-phenylalanine, and (−)-phenyllactic acid were found to be good precursors of the phenolic acids. D-Phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, and (+)-phenyllactic acid were poor precursors. A kinetic study of the formation of the phenolic acids from L-phenylalanine-C14 gave data consistent with the view that p-coumaric acid → caffeic acid → ferulic acid → sinapic acid, and that these compounds can act as intermediates in lignification. Feeding of C14-labelled members of this series showed that salvia could convert any one to a more complex member of the series but not so readily to a simpler member. Caffeic acid-β-C14 was obtained from salvia after the feeding of L-phenylalanine-β-C14 or cinnamic acid-β-C14, and caffeic acid labelled only in the ring was obtained after feeding generally labelled shikimic acid.

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Measurement of input resources for standardization activities in basic research and applied and development research, and the difference of the measuring results between the research types

Synthesiology ◽

10.5571/synth.6.170 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 170-179

Author(s):

Suguru TAMURA

Keyword(s):

Basic Research ◽

Development Research ◽

The Difference ◽

Research Types

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Fatty acid and sterol contents during tulip leaf senescence induced by methyl jasmonate

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1994.016 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 89-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marian Saniewski ◽

Janusz Czapski ◽

Marcin Horbowicz

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Methyl Jasmonate ◽

Membrane Fluidity ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Leaf Senescence ◽

Bottom Surface ◽

Induced Changes

It has been shown previously that methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) applied in lanolin paste on the bottom surface of intact tulip leaves causes a rapid and intense its senescence. The aim of this work was to study the effect of JA-Me on free and bound fatty acid and sterol contents during tulip leaf senescence. The main free and bound fatty acids of tulip leaf, in decreasing order of their abundance, were linolenic, linoleic, palmitic, oleic, stearic and myristic acids. Only the content of free linolenic acid decreased after treatment with JA-Me during visible stage of senescence. ß-Sitosterol (highest concentration), campesterol, stigmasterol and cholesterol were identified in tulip leaf. Methyl jasmonate evidently increased the level of ß-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol during induced senescence. It is suggested that the increase in sterol concentrations under the influence of methyl jasmonate induced changes in membrane fluidity and permeability, which may be responsible for senescence.

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