Ruta Essential Oils: Composition and Bioactivities

Ruta L. is a typical genus of the citrus family, Rutaceae Juss. and comprises ca. 40 different species, mainly distributed in the Mediterranean region. Ruta species have long been used in traditional medicines as an abortifacient and emmenagogue and for the treatment of lung diseases and microbial infections. The genus Ruta is rich in essential oils, which predominantly contain aliphatic ketones, e.g., 2-undecanone and 2-nonanone, but lack any significant amounts of terpenes. Three Ruta species, Ruta chalepensis L., Ruta graveolens L., and Ruta montana L., have been extensively studied for the composition of their essential oils and several bioactivities, revealing their potential medicinal and agrochemical applications. This review provides a systematic evaluation and critical appraisal of publications available in the literature on the composition and bioactivities of the essential oils obtained from Ruta species and includes a brief outlook of the potential applications of nanotechnology and chitosan-based products of Ruta essential oils.

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Chalepin and Chalepensin: Occurrence, Biosynthesis and Therapeutic Potential

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26061609 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 1609

Author(s):

Lutfun Nahar ◽

Shaymaa Al-Majmaie ◽

Afaf Al-Groshi ◽

Azhar Rasul ◽

Satyajit D. Sarker

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

Critical Appraisal ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Therapeutic Agents ◽

Review Article ◽

Natural Distribution ◽

Antiplatelet Aggregation ◽

Ruta Chalepensis ◽

The Family ◽

Novel Therapeutic

Dihydrofuranocoumarin, chalepin (1) and furanocoumarin, chalepensin (2) are 3-prenylated bioactive coumarins, first isolated from the well-known medicinal plant Ruta chalepensis L. (Fam: Rutaceae) but also distributed in various species of the genera Boenminghausenia, Clausena and Ruta. The distribution of these compounds appears to be restricted to the plants of the family Rutaceae. To date, there have been a considerable number of bioactivity studies performed on coumarins 1 and 2, which include their anticancer, antidiabetic, antifertility, antimicrobial, antiplatelet aggregation, antiprotozoal, antiviral and calcium antagonistic properties. This review article presents a critical appraisal of publications on bioactivity of these 3-prenylated coumarins in the light of their feasibility as novel therapeutic agents and investigate their natural distribution in the plant kingdom, as well as a plausible biosynthetic route.

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Chemistry and Biology of Essential Oils of GenusBoswellia

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/140509 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Hidayat Hussain ◽

Ahmed Al-Harrasi ◽

Ahmed Al-Rawahi ◽

Javid Hussain

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Quantitative Composition ◽

Volatile Constituents ◽

Traditional Medicines ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Synthetic Drugs ◽

Explicit Consideration

The properties ofBoswelliaplants have been exploited for millennia in the traditional medicines of Africa, China, and especially in the Indian Ayurveda. In Western countries, the advent of synthetic drugs has obscured the pharmaceutical use ofBoswellia, until it was reported that an ethanolic extract exerts anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic effects. Frankincense was commonly used for medicinal purposes. This paper aims to provide an overview of current knowledge of the volatile constituents of frankincense, with explicit consideration concerning the diverseBoswelliaspecies. Altogether, more than 340 volatiles inBoswelliahave been reported in the literature. In particular, a broad diversity has been found in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the volatiles with respect to different varieties ofBoswellia. A detailed discussion of the various biological activities ofBoswelliafrankincense is also presented.

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Beneficial Effects of Liposomal Formulations of Lichen Substances: A Review

Current Drug Delivery ◽

10.2174/1567201818666210713110719 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Author(s):

Vinay Bharadwaj Tatipamula ◽

Ha Thi Nguyen ◽

Biljana Kukavica

Keyword(s):

Substantial Improvement ◽

Traditional Medicines ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Liposomal Formulations ◽

Lichen Substances ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Lichen Metabolites ◽

North And South America ◽

North And South ◽

Low Solubility

: Lichens are commonly used as essential traditional medicines to treat various conditions, including skin disorders, wounds, digestive, respiratory, obstetric, and gynecological problems in many cultures in Africa, Asia, Europe, Haitian, Oceania, and North and South America. Lichens have been deeply investigated for their phytochemical properties, and to date, numerous compounds (also known as substances) have been successfully isolated from the extracts. However, the low solubility and bioavailability of pure lichen substances have been widely recognized as the significant issues hindering their biological applications. Recently, several groups have investigated the properties and the potential applications of lichen metabolites-based liposomal formulations and revealed a substantial improvement in their solubility, bioactivity, and toxicity in the animal. Thus, in this topical review, we aimed to provide an overview of liposomal structures, the efficacy of liposomal formulations, as well as their beneficial effects as compared to the free compounds themselves.

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Larvicidal and repellent activity of essential oils from wild and cultivated Ruta chalepensis L. (Rutaceae) against Aedes albopictus Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae), an arbovirus vector

Parasitology Research ◽

10.1007/s00436-012-3221-2 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 112 (3) ◽

pp. 991-999 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Barbara Conti ◽

Michele Leonardi ◽

Luisa Pistelli ◽

Raffaele Profeti ◽

Ines Ouerghemmi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Aedes Albopictus ◽

Repellent Activity ◽

Ruta Chalepensis ◽

Arbovirus Vector

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Medicinal and pesticidal potentials of the constituents of the essential oil from Adenia cissampeloides leaves

Kemija u industriji ◽

10.15255/kui.2018.027 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 68 (1-2) ◽

pp. 7-21

Author(s):

Modupe Ogunlesi ◽

Wesley Okiei ◽

Edith Ofor ◽

Anthony Eniola

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Alternative Medicine ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Linolenic Acid ◽

Hexadecanoic Acid ◽

Ms Analysis ◽

Hexahydrofarnesyl Acetone ◽

Potential Applications

Adenia cissampeloides (Planch. ex Hook.) Harms is used in alternative medicine primarily for the management of hypertension and several other diseases. Isolation and GC-MS analysis of five essential oils collected fractionally and over 4 h by hydrodistillation from the dried leaves were carried out. The constituents included phytol, α-linolenic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, (13S)-8,13-epoxy-labd-14-ene, kaur-16-ene, guaiol, α-gurjunene, and α-elemene. Several bioactivities of the constituents as well as their potential applications in medicine and the pharmaceutical and pesticidal industries are discussed. Essential oils from some other plants have several constituents in common with those isolated from A. cissampeloides. The bioactivities of such plants are used to suggest other possible applications of A. cissampeloides.

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Spectrum of childhood interstitial and diffuse lung diseases at a tertiary hospital in Egypt

ERJ Open Research ◽

10.1183/23120541.00880-2020 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 00880-2020

Author(s):

Salma G. Abdelhady ◽

Eman M. Fouda ◽

Malak A. Shaheen ◽

Faten A. Ghazal ◽

Ahmed M. Mostafa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Interstitial Lung Disease ◽

Lung Disease ◽

Lung Diseases ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

University Hospital ◽

Systematic Evaluation ◽

Pulmonary Hemosiderosis ◽

Diffuse Lung Diseases ◽

Diffuse Lung

BackgroundChildhood interstitial and diffuse lung diseases (chILD) encompass a broad spectrum of rare pulmonary disorders. In most developing middle eastern countries, chILD is still underdiagnosed. Objective: To describe and investigate patients diagnosed with chILD in a tertiary university hospital in Egypt.MethodsWe analyzed data of consecutive subjects (<18 years) referred for further evaluation at the Children's Hospital, Ain Shams University. Diagnosis of chILD was made in accordance with the chILD-EU criteria. The following information was obtained: demographic data, clinical characteristics, chest CT findings, laboratory studies, spirometry, BAL and histopathology findings.Results22 subjects were enrolled over 24 months. Median age at diagnosis was 7 years (range 3.5–14 years). The most common manifestations were dyspnea (100%), cough (90.9%), clubbing (95.5%) and tachypnea (90.9%). Systematic evaluation led to the following diagnoses: hypersensitivity pneumonitis (n=3), idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (n=4), chILD related to chronic granulomatous disease (n=3), chILD related to small airway disease (n=3), postinfectious chILD (n=2), Langerhans cell histiocytosis (n=2), Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (n=2), granulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (n=1), systemic sclerosis (n=1), familial interstitial lung disease (n=1). Among the subjects who completed the diagnostic evaluation (n=19), treatment was changed in 13 (68.4%) subjects.ConclusionSystematic evaluation and multidisciplinary peer review of chILD patients at our tertiary hospital led to changes in management in 68% of the patients. This study also highlights the need for an Egyptian chILD network with genetic testing, as well as the value of collaborating with international groups in improving health care for children with chILD.

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Chemical Composition of Cinnamomum verum Leaf and Flower Essential Oils and Analysis of Their Antibacterial, Insecticidal, and Larvicidal Properties

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26206303 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (20) ◽

pp. 6303

Author(s):

Arunaksharan Narayanankutty ◽

Krishnaprasad Kunnath ◽

Ahmed Alfarhan ◽

Rajakrishnan Rajagopal ◽

Varsha Ramesh

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽

Sitophilus Oryzae ◽

Microbial Pathogens ◽

Traditional Medicines ◽

Significant Toxicity ◽

Leaf Essential Oil ◽

Different Parts

Cinnamomum verum is widely used in traditional medicines, and the different parts of the plant, such as bark, leaves, and flowers, are used for essential oil production. The present study compared the chemical composition of the essential oil of C. verum extracted from the leaves and flowers. In addition, efficacy of these essential oils against the two common pests Sitophilus oryzae and Callosobruchus maculatus was also evaluated. The results indicated the presence of cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, caryophyllene, and linalool in these essential oils, however, at different concentrations. The leaf essential oil was found to be 10–20% more effective as a fumigant against both the pests. Likewise, the leaf essential oil found to repel these pests even at lower concentrations than that of flower essential oil of C. verum. Besides, these essential oils were also effective in controlling the growth of various gram positive and gram negative microbial pathogens and possibly a safeguard for human health. On contrary, both the essential oils were found to be safe for the application on grains, as indicated by their germination potentials. It was also observed that these essential oils do not cause any significant toxicity to guppy fishes, thus confirming their ecological safety for use as a biopesticide.

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