scholarly journals Supported TiO2 in Ceramic Materials for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Contaminants of Emerging Concern in Liquid Effluents: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5363
Author(s):  
Sadjo Danfá ◽  
Rui C. Martins ◽  
Margarida J. Quina ◽  
João Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactors ◽  
Contaminants Of Emerging Concern ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Reaction Step ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Supported Tio2 ◽  
Immobilization Techniques

The application of TiO2 as a slurry catalyst for the degradation of contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) in liquid effluents has some drawbacks due to the difficulties in the catalyst reutilization. Thus, sophisticated and expensive separation methods are required after the reaction step. Alternatively, several types of materials have been used to support powder catalysts, so that fixed or fluidized bed reactors may be used. In this context, the objective of this work is to systematize and analyze the results of research inherent to the application of ceramic materials as support of TiO2 in the photocatalytic CEC removal from liquid effluents. Firstly, an overview is given about the treatment processes able to degrade CEC. In particular, the photocatalysts supported in ceramic materials are analyzed, namely the immobilization techniques applied to support TiO2 in these materials. Finally, a critical review of the literature dedicated to photocatalysis with supported TiO2 is presented, where the performance of the catalyst is considered as well as the main drivers and barriers for implementing this process. A focal point in the future is to investigate the possibility of depurating effluents and promote water reuse in safe conditions, and the supported TiO2 in ceramic materials may play a role in this scope.

scholarly journals Effect of SiC Particulate Reinforcement in A356 / LM25 Alloy Composites and in their Hybrids

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S11) ◽  
pp. 3984-3988
Keyword(s):  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
A356 Alloy ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Brake Pads ◽  
Piston Cylinder ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Sic Composites

LM25/A356 Aluminium Silicon alloy is characterized by high mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, machinabilty and excellent castability. Its prominent usage is found in high performance applications like in the automotive piston, cylinder blocks and heads, valve lifters, alloy wheels, brake pads and also in turbine blades. The prospects in applications of A356 are improved by heat treatment processes. Moreover the production of A356 Aluminium alloy composites renders provision for effectively tailoring the mechanical properties of the material by reinforcing the particulates of different ceramic materials at varying propositions. Although there are wide ranges of ceramic materials that could be potentially reinforced into A356 aluminium alloys, this paper exclusively reviews on SiC particulate reinforced A356 alloy composites and also its hybrid composites fabricated by strir casting method. This paper brings out the researches performed with A356/SiC composites under various experiment conditions to make this aluminium alloy available for other wide applications.

scholarly journals The Impact of Advanced Treatment Technologies on the Energy Use in Satellite Water Reuse Plants

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Bailey ◽  
Sajjad Ahmad ◽  
Jacimaria R. Batista
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
World Population ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
The Impact

With an ever-increasing world population and the resulting increase in industrialization and agricultural practices, depletion of one of the world’s most important natural resources, water, is inevitable. Water reclamation and reuse is the key to protecting this natural resource. Water reclamation using smaller decentralized wastewater treatment plants, known as satellite water reuse plants (WRP), has become popular in the last decade. Reuse plants have stricter standards for effluent quality and require a smaller land footprint (i.e., real estate area). They also require additional treatment processes and advanced treatment technologies. This greatly increases the energy consumption of an already energy intensive process, accentuating even more the nexus between energy use and wastewater processing. With growing concerns over the use of nonrenewable energy sources and resulting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, WRPs are in need of energy evaluations. This paper contrasts the energy consumption of both conventional and advanced treatment processes in satellite WRPs. Results of this research provide a means for engineers and wastewater utilities to evaluate unit processes based on energy consumption as well as a foundation for making decisions regarding the sustainability of using advanced treatment technologies at reuse facilities.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Water and Wastewater Treatment with Emphasis in Membrane Treatment Operations

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios Zouboulis ◽  
Ioannis Katsoyiannis
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Fouling Control ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Membrane Treatment

The present Special Issue brought together recent research findings from renowned scientists in this field and assembled contributions on advanced technologies that have been applied to the treatment of wastewater and drinking water, with an emphasis on novel membrane treatment technologies. The 12 research contributions highlight various processes and technologies that can achieve the effective treatment and purification of wastewater and drinking water, aiming (occasionally) for water reuse. The published papers can be classified into three major categories. (a) First, there are those that investigate the application of membrane treatment processes, either directly or in hybrid processes. The role of organic matter presence and fouling control is the main aim of the research in some of these studies. (b) Second, there are studies that investigate the application of adsorptive processes for the removal of contaminants from waters, such as arsenic, antimony, or chromate, with the aim of the efficient removal of the toxic contaminants from water or wastewater. (c) Lastly, there are studies that include novel aspects of oxidative treatment such as bubbleless ozonation.

scholarly journals Membrane-Based Processes Used in Municipal Wastewater Treatment for Water Reuse: State-Of-The-Art and Performance Analysis

Membranes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqi Yang ◽  
Mathias Monnot ◽  
Lionel Ercolei ◽  
Philippe Moulin
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Alternative Water

Wastewater reuse as a sustainable, reliable and energy recovery concept is a promising approach to alleviate worldwide water scarcity. However, the water reuse market needs to be developed with long-term efforts because only less than 4% of the total wastewater worldwide has been treated for water reuse at present. In addition, the reclaimed water should fulfill the criteria of health safety, appearance, environmental acceptance and economic feasibility based on their local water reuse guidelines. Moreover, municipal wastewater as an alternative water resource for non-potable or potable reuse, has been widely treated by various membrane-based treatment processes for reuse applications. By collecting lab-scale and pilot-scale reuse cases as much as possible, this review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the membrane-based treatment processes, mainly focused on the hydraulic filtration performance, contaminants removal capacity, reuse purpose, fouling resistance potential, resource recovery and energy consumption. The advances and limitations of different membrane-based processes alone or coupled with other possible processes such as disinfection processes and advanced oxidation processes, are also highlighted. Challenges still facing membrane-based technologies for water reuse applications, including institutional barriers, financial allocation and public perception, are stated as areas in need of further research and development.

Quantifying human exposure to contaminants for multiple-barrier water reuse systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Khan ◽  
J. A. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Wide Range

Reliance upon advanced water treatment processes to provide safe drinking water from relatively compromised sources is rapidly increasing in Australia and other parts of the world. Advanced treatment processes such as reverse osmosis have the ability to provide very effective treatment for a wide range of chemicals when operated under optimal conditions. However, techniques are required to comprehensively validate the performance of these treatment processes in the field. This paper provides a discussion and demonstration of some effective statistical techniques for the assessment and description of advanced water treatment plant performance. New data is provided, focusing on disinfection byproducts including trihalomethanes and N-nitrosamines from a recent comprehensive quantitative exposure assessment for an advanced water recycling scheme in Australia.

Discussion on the application of UV/H2O2, O3 and O3/UV processes as technologies for sewage reuse considering the removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 945-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Kim ◽  
N. Yamashita ◽  
Y. Kato ◽  
H. Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Uv Treatment ◽  
Effective Treatment Option ◽  
H2o2 Treatment ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment

The applicability of O3, UV/H2O2 and O3/UV treatment processes as technologies for water reuse considering pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) removal was investigated. Electrical energies required for the effective removal of various PPCPs in secondary effluent were 0.09 kWh/m3, 0.54 kWh/m3 and 1.09 kWh/m3 for O3, UV/H2O2 and O3/UV treatments, respectively, showing that O3 treatment is the most cost-effective treatment option for the PPCPs removal. O3 treatment showed the effective PPCPs removal at O3 dose of 6 mg/L; however, the formation of bromate is expected for O3 treatment using O3 dose of more than 4 mg/L. In particular, bromate formation will be a critical issue when the reclaimed water is used for direct/indirect potable reuses. Therefore, in order to suppress the bromate formation as well as achieve the effective PPCPs removal, O3/UV treatment will be recommended. UV/H2O2 treatment will be also a profitable treatment method because no bromate will be formed during the process. The evaluation for ecological risk of PPCPs by the applied processes showed that all the processes could decrease the ecological risk caused by parent PPCPs considerably. This means that the investigated treatment processes can play an important role in reducing unpredictable side effects caused by PPCPs in the aquatic environment.

Choosing the most appropriate technique for wastewater disinfection – parallel investigation of four disinfection systems with different preceding treatment processes

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bischoff ◽  
P. Cornel ◽  
M. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Chlorine Gas ◽  
Wastewater Disinfection ◽  
Microbiological Stability ◽  
Parasitic Pathogens ◽  
Selection Of

A variety of bacterial, viral and parasitic pathogens are transmitted via water. Adequate disinfection of wastewater is therefore vital to address the potential health risks of water reuse. A range of well-established methods is available for wastewater disinfection. The selection of the most appropriate technology plays a key role in enhancing the safety, acceptability and reliability of water reuse systems. The objective of this study was the parallel examination of well-established and emerging wastewater disinfection methods, with particular attention being paid to the preceding wastewater treatment processes. The disinfectants investigated were: ultraviolet (UV) radiation, ozone (O3), chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and electrolytically-produced chlorine gas (Cl2). In order to support the specific selection of the most appropriate disinfection method, multiple criteria were determined: concentrations of indicator organisms, effluent toxicity, microbiological stability of the effluent, costs, energy consumption, and supplementary effects. The results show that stringent hygienic treatment objectives can be met with each of the applied methods immediately after disinfection, while the results of the evaluation of the further criteria differ widely between the analysed disinfectants.

Full scale membrane bioreactor treatment of hospital wastewater as forerunner for hot-spot wastewater treatment solutions in high density urban areas

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Beier ◽  
C. Cramer ◽  
S. Köster ◽  
C. Mauer ◽  
L. Palmowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
High Density ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Hospital Wastewaters

Membrane Bioreactors (MBR) are a very attractive option for the treatment of hospital wastewater and elimination of pharmaceuticals in high density urban areas. The present investigation showed that, depending on the substance, between 19% and 94% of the level of antibiotics found in the environment originate from hospitals. Because of their ecotoxic potential, hospital wastewaters can have a significant impact on the environment. The segregation of these wastewaters and their separate treatment at the source can reduce the entry of drugs in waterways and enable water reuse after adequate polishing treatment processes.

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