scholarly journals The Impact of Advanced Treatment Technologies on the Energy Use in Satellite Water Reuse Plants

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Bailey ◽  
Sajjad Ahmad ◽  
Jacimaria R. Batista
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
World Population ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
The Impact

With an ever-increasing world population and the resulting increase in industrialization and agricultural practices, depletion of one of the world’s most important natural resources, water, is inevitable. Water reclamation and reuse is the key to protecting this natural resource. Water reclamation using smaller decentralized wastewater treatment plants, known as satellite water reuse plants (WRP), has become popular in the last decade. Reuse plants have stricter standards for effluent quality and require a smaller land footprint (i.e., real estate area). They also require additional treatment processes and advanced treatment technologies. This greatly increases the energy consumption of an already energy intensive process, accentuating even more the nexus between energy use and wastewater processing. With growing concerns over the use of nonrenewable energy sources and resulting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, WRPs are in need of energy evaluations. This paper contrasts the energy consumption of both conventional and advanced treatment processes in satellite WRPs. Results of this research provide a means for engineers and wastewater utilities to evaluate unit processes based on energy consumption as well as a foundation for making decisions regarding the sustainability of using advanced treatment technologies at reuse facilities.

scholarly journals A techno-economic analysis of membrane-based advanced treatment processes for the reuse of municipal wastewater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Kehrein ◽  
Morez Jafari ◽  
Marc Slagt ◽  
Emile Cornelissen ◽  
Patricia Osseweijer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Reclamation Process

Abstract The objective of this paper is to compare, under Dutch market conditions, the energy consumption and net costs of membrane-based advanced treatment processes for three water reuse types (i.e. potable, industrial, agricultural reuse). The water source is municipal wastewater treatment plant effluent. Results indicate that the application of reverse osmosis is needed to reclaim high quality water for industrial and potable reuse but not for irrigation water which offers significant energy savings but may not lead automatically to lower net costs. While a reclamation process for industrial reuse is economically most promising, irrigation water reclamation processes are not cost effective due to low water prices. Moreover, process operational expenditures may exceed capital expenditures which is important for tender procedures. A significant cost factor is waste management that may exceed energy costs. Water recovery rates could be significantly enhanced through the integration of a softener/biostabilizer unit prior to reverse osmosis. Moreover, the energy consumption of wastewater reclamation processes could be supplied on-site with solar energy. The possibility of designing a ‘fit for multi-purpose’ reclamation process is discussed briefly. This comparative analysis allows for better informed decision making about which reuse type is preferably targeted in a municipal wastewater reuse project from a process design perspective.

An Investigation of the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Energy Consumption in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Kahn ◽  
Hamidreza Najafi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
The Usa ◽  
End Use ◽  
The Times ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Lockdown measures and mobility restrictions to combat the spread of COVID-19 have impacted energy consumption patterns. The overall decline of energy use during lockdown restrictions can best be identified through the analysis of energy consumption by source and end-use sectors. Using monthly energy consumption data, the total 9-months use between January and September for the years 2015–2020 is calculated for each end-use sector (transportation, industrial, residential, and commercial). The cumulative consumption within these 9 months of the petroleum, natural gas, biomass, and electricity energy by the various end-use sectors are compared. The analysis shows that the transportation sector experienced the greatest decline (14.38%). To further analyze the impact of COVID-19 on each state within the USA, the consumption of electricity by each state and each end-use sector in the times before and during the pandemic is used to identify the impact of specific lockdown procedures on energy use. The distinction of state-by-state analysis in this study provides a unique metric for consumption forecasting. The average total consumption for each state was found for the years 2015–2019. The total average annual growth rate (AAGR) for 2020 was used to find a correlation coefficient between COVID-19 case and death rate, population density, and lockdown duration. A correlation coefficient was also calculated between the 2020 AAGR for all sectors and AAGR for each individual end-user. The results show that Indiana had the highest percent reduction in consumption of 10.07% while North Dakota had the highest consumption increase of 7.61%. This is likely due to the amount of industrial consumption relative to other sectors in the state.

People or Systems: Does Productivity Enhancement Matter More than Energy Management in LEED Certified Buildings?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13863
Author(s):  
Yana Akhtyrska ◽  
Franz Fuerst
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Occupant Comfort ◽  
Energy Use Intensity ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Advanced Metering ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the impact of energy management and productivity-enhancing measures, implemented as part of LEED Existing Buildings Operations and Management (EBOM) certification, on source energy use intensity and rental premiums of office spaces using data on four major US markets. Energy management practices, comprised of commissioning and advanced metering, may reduce energy usage. Conversely, improving air quality and occupant comfort in an effort to increase worker productivity may in turn lead to higher overall energy consumption. The willingness to pay for these features in rental office buildings is hypothesised to depend not only on the extent to which productivity gains enhance the profits of a commercial tenant but also on the lease arrangements for passing any energy savings to the tenant. We apply a difference-in-differences method at a LEED EBOM certification group level and a multi-level modelling approach with a panel data structure. The results indicate that energy management and indoor environment practices have the expected effect on energy consumption as described above. However, the magnitude of the achieved rental premiums appears to be independent of the lease type.

The impact of urbanization on energy consumption and efficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 673-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Sheng ◽  
Yaping He ◽  
Xiaohui Guo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Method Of Moments Estimation ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

There is no consensus about the impact of urbanization on energy efficiency. We seek to fill this gap in literature using data from 78 countries for the period of 1995 through 2012. Extending the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology model, we identify the impact of urbanization on energy consumption and efficiency. Results of generalized method of moments estimation indicate that the process of urbanization leads to substantial increases in both the actual and the optimal energy consumption, but a decrease in efficiency of energy use. In addition, we find that the extent to which energy inefficiency correlates with urbanization is greater in countries with higher gross domestic product per capita.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Energy Consumption in the United States: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Kahn ◽  
Hamidreza Najafi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Average Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
End User ◽  
End Use ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Lockdown measures and mobility restrictions implemented to combat the spread of the novel COVID-19 virus have impacted energy consumption patterns, particularly in the United States. A review of available data and literature on the impact of the pandemic on energy consumption is performed to understand the current knowledge on this topic. The overall decline of energy use during lockdown restrictions can best be identified through the analysis of energy consumption by source and end-user breakdown. Using monthly energy consumption data, the total 9-months use between January and September for the years 2015–2020 are calculated for each end-use. The cumulative consumption within these 9 months of the petroleum, natural gas, biomass, and electricity energy by the various end-use sectors are compared to identify a shift in use throughout time with the calculation of the percent change from 2019 to 2020. The analysis shows that the transportation sector experienced the most dramatic decline, having a subsequent impact on the primary energy it uses. A steep decline in the use of petroleum and natural gas by the transportation sector has had an inevitable impact on the emission of carbon dioxide and other air pollutants during the pandemic. Additionally, the most current data for the consumption of electricity by each state and each end-user in the times before and during the pandemic highlights the impact of specific lockdown procedures on energy use. The average total consumption for each state was found for the years 2015–2019. This result is used calculation of yearly growth rate and average annual growth rate in 2020 for each state and end-user. The total average annual growth rate for 2020 was used to find a correlation coefficient between COVID-19 case and death rates as well as population density and lockdown duration. To further examine the relationship a correlation coefficient was calculated between the 2020 average annual growth rate for all sectors and average annual growth rate for each individual end-user.

scholarly journals A Complementary Approach to Traditional Energy Balances for Assessing Energy Efficiency Measures in Final Uses: The Case of Space Heating and Cooling in Argentina

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6563
Author(s):  
Roque G Stagnitta ◽  
Matteo V Rocco ◽  
Emanuela Colombo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Embodied Energy ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Balances ◽  
The Impact

Energy balances have been historically conceived based on a supply-side perspective, providing neither detailed information about energy conversion into useful services nor the effects that may be induced by the application of policies in other sectors to energy consumption. This article proposes an approach to a thorough assessment of the impact of efficiency policies on final energy uses, focusing on residential space heating and cooling, and capable of: (1) quantifying final useful services provided and (2) accounting for the global impact of efficiency policies on final energy use, taking advantage of Input–Output analysis. This approach is applied in five cities of Argentina. Firstly, the quantity of energy service provided (i.e., level of thermal comfort) for each city is evaluated and compared with the defined target. It is found out that heating comfort is guaranteed approximately as established, whereas in the cooling case the provision is twice the established level. Secondly, primary energy consumption of heating and cooling services is evaluated before and after different efficiency improvement policies. The results show that the major primary energy saving (52%) is obtained from the upgrading appliances scenario and reflect the importance of accounting for embodied energy in goods and services involved in interventions.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Water and Wastewater Treatment with Emphasis in Membrane Treatment Operations

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasios Zouboulis ◽  
Ioannis Katsoyiannis
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Fouling Control ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Membrane Treatment

The present Special Issue brought together recent research findings from renowned scientists in this field and assembled contributions on advanced technologies that have been applied to the treatment of wastewater and drinking water, with an emphasis on novel membrane treatment technologies. The 12 research contributions highlight various processes and technologies that can achieve the effective treatment and purification of wastewater and drinking water, aiming (occasionally) for water reuse. The published papers can be classified into three major categories. (a) First, there are those that investigate the application of membrane treatment processes, either directly or in hybrid processes. The role of organic matter presence and fouling control is the main aim of the research in some of these studies. (b) Second, there are studies that investigate the application of adsorptive processes for the removal of contaminants from waters, such as arsenic, antimony, or chromate, with the aim of the efficient removal of the toxic contaminants from water or wastewater. (c) Lastly, there are studies that include novel aspects of oxidative treatment such as bubbleless ozonation.

scholarly journals Design and Application of Cellular Concrete on a Mexican Residential Building and Its Influence on Energy Savings in Hot Climates: Projections to 2050

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8225
Author(s):  
Ana C. Borbon-Almada ◽  
Jorge Lucero-Alvarez ◽  
Norma A. Rodriguez-Muñoz ◽  
Manuel Ramirez-Celaya ◽  
Samuel Castro-Brockman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cellular Concrete

The thermal performance of economical housing located in hot climates remains a pending subject, especially in emerging economies. A cellular concrete mixture was designed, considering its thermophysical properties, to apply the new material into building envelopes. The proposed materials have low density and thermal conductivity to be used as a nonstructural lightweight construction element. From the design stage, a series of wall systems based on cellular concrete was proposed. Whereas in the second phase, the materials were analyzed to obtain the potential energy savings using dynamic simulations. It is foreseen that the energy consumption in buildings located in these climates will continue to increase critically due to the temperature increase associated with climate change. The temperatures predicted mean vote (PMV), electric energy consumption, and CO2 emissions were calculated for three IPCC scenarios. These results will help to identify the impact of climate change on the energy use of the houses built under these weather conditions. The results show that if the conventional concrete blocks continue to be used, the air conditioning energy requirements will increase to 49% for 2030 and 61% by 2050. The proposed cellular concrete could reduce energy consumption between 15% and 28%, and these saving rates would remain in the future. The results indicate that it is necessary to drive the adoption of lightweight materials, so the impact of energy use on climate change can be reduced.

Prospects, problems and pitfalls of urban water reuse: a case study

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Hermanowicz ◽  
E. Sanchez Diaz ◽  
J. Coe
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Local Water

This paper presents a successful water reclamation and reuse project in the San Francisco Bay area. The project, which includes a water reclamation facility and a separate distribution system, is operated by a wastewater utility and reclaims approximately 4% of its dry-weather flow. Project history, its design and implementation are further discussed. Planning, and especially demand analysis, was critical for project development. Earlier attempts of water reuse were not successful because reclaimed water quality did not match the requirements of potential large industrial customers. Current customers are a mix of public, commercial and residential users who apply the reclaimed water solely for landscape irrigation. In addition, a large fraction of the reclaimed water is used internally in the main wastewater treatment plant. Early connection of largest customers, innovative collaboration with a neighboring reclamation project and cooperation of the local water supplier were very important for project success. Distribution of internal process water consumes most energy. The second major energy use is for the treatment of reclaimed water while distribution of reclaimed water to external customers requires least energy.

Quantifying human exposure to contaminants for multiple-barrier water reuse systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Khan ◽  
J. A. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Disinfection Byproducts ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Wide Range

Reliance upon advanced water treatment processes to provide safe drinking water from relatively compromised sources is rapidly increasing in Australia and other parts of the world. Advanced treatment processes such as reverse osmosis have the ability to provide very effective treatment for a wide range of chemicals when operated under optimal conditions. However, techniques are required to comprehensively validate the performance of these treatment processes in the field. This paper provides a discussion and demonstration of some effective statistical techniques for the assessment and description of advanced water treatment plant performance. New data is provided, focusing on disinfection byproducts including trihalomethanes and N-nitrosamines from a recent comprehensive quantitative exposure assessment for an advanced water recycling scheme in Australia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document