Preliminary Screening of Endophytic Fungi from Medicinal Plants in  India for Antimicrobial and Antitumor Activity

The screening of antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, yeast and fungi was carried out on isopropanol extracts prepared from 121 isolates of endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants in India. Sensitivity was found to vary among the microorganisms. Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Alternaria sp. were susceptible to extracts from three, two and two isolates of endophytic fungi, respectively. None was found effective against Salmonella typhimurium. Sixteen endophytic fungal isolates tested were also found to exhibit antitumor activity in the yeast cell-based assay.

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In-vitro analysis of potential antibacterial activity of three medicinal plants

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v8i3.990 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 1497-1500

Author(s):

Vandana Gupta ◽

Rakesh Kumar ◽

Deepika Chaudhary ◽

Nirmal Yadav

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria

The present study was aimed to examine and compare the antibacterial activity of hot methanolic extract of medicinal plants viz. Portulaca oleracea (purslane), Syzygium cumini (L.) (jamun), Psidium guajava (L.) (guava). Antibacterial activity was carried by using agar well diffusion method, against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). Results indicated that all the three plant extracts possess antibacterial property against Gram-positive bacteria and no activity was found against Gram-negative bacteria. Moderate zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis was exhibited by S. cumini (L.) (11mm and 12mm) and P. guajava (L.) (10mm and 11mm) and weak zone of inhibition was exhibited by P. oleracea (5 mm and 6mm). In conclusion, S. cumini (L.) and P. guajava (L.) possess bettercapabilities of being a good candidate in search for natural antibacterial agent against infections and diseases causing Gram-positive bacteria as compared to P. oleracea.

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Evaluation of In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Fungus from Anemone tomentosa

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.881-883.484 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 881-883 ◽

pp. 484-487 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lin Yang ◽

Jing Long ◽

Wei Juan Li ◽

Ai Mei Yang ◽

Zhong Duo Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Filter Paper ◽

Endophytic Fungus ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Paper Method

In this study, 23 endophytic fungus were isolated from Anemone tomentosa. The antibacterial activity of the endophytic fungi were tested and analyzed by filter paper method. The results showed that the endophytic fungi from Anemone tomentosa had broad antibiogram and strong inhibited Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria, especially the mycelia extract of root-1, the ethyl acetate and the n-BuOH extracts of root-8. So the endophytic fungi from Anemone tomentosa could be an important resource for developing antimicrobial products.

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Rapid demonstration of septic or infectious arthritis due to Gram-negative bacteria

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100123830 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 686-687

Author(s):

Jacob S. Hanker ◽

Paul R. Gross ◽

Beverly L. Giammara

Keyword(s):

Chronic Arthritis ◽

Blood Cultures ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Infectious Arthritis ◽

Bacterial Arthritis ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria

Blood cultures are positive in approximately only 50 per cent of the patients with nongonococcal bacterial infectious arthritis and about 20 per cent of those with gonococcal arthritis. But the concept that gram-negative bacteria could be involved even in chronic arthritis is well-supported. Gram stains are more definitive in staphylococcal arthritis caused by gram-positive bacteria than in bacterial arthritis due to gram-negative bacteria. In the latter situation where gram-negative bacilli are the problem, Gram stains are helpful for 50% of the patients; they are only helpful for 25% of the patients, however, where gram-negative gonococci are the problem. In arthritis due to gram-positive Staphylococci. Gramstained smears are positive for 75% of the patients.

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Antibacterial activity of magnesium oxide nanoparticles prepared by Calcination method

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance ◽

10.25258/ijpqa.10.3.25 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Elaf Ayad Kadhem ◽

Miaad Hamzah Zghair ◽

Sarah , Hussam H. Tizkam, Shoeb Alahmad Salih Mahdi ◽

Hussam H. Tizkam ◽

Shoeb Alahmad

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Magnesium Oxide ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Agar Disc

magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO NPs) were prepared by simple wet chemical method using different calcination temperatures. The prepared NPs were characterized by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). It demonstrates sharp intensive peak with the increase of crystallinty and increase of the size with varying morphologies with respect to increase of calcination temperature. Antibacterial studies were done on gram negative bacteria (E.coli) and gram positive bacteria (S.aureus) by agar disc diffusion method. The zones of inhibitions were found larger for gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria, this mean, antibacterial MgO NPs activity more active on gram positive bacteria than gram negative bacteria because of the structural differences. It was found that antibacterial activity of MgO NPs was found it has directly proportional with their concentration.

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BAKTERI PADA KARANG SCLERACTINIA DI KAWASAN PERAIRAN BUNAKEN, MOROTAI DAN RAJA AMPAT

JURNAL PESISIR DAN LAUT TROPIS ◽

10.35800/jplt.8.1.2020.28110 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 122

Author(s):

Eghbert Eghbert Elvan Eghbert Elvan Ampou ◽

Iis Iis Triyulianti ◽

Nuryani Widagti ◽

Suciadi Catur Nugroho ◽

Yuli Pancawati

Keyword(s):

Scleractinian Coral ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Hard Coral ◽

Field Sampling ◽

Bacterial Isolation ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Coral Mucus ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria

Research on hard coral (Scleractinian coral) contaminated with bacteria is still not much done, especially in Indonesian waters. This study took samples of coral mucus in 2010 at 3 (three) different locations, namely Bunaken (May); Morotai (September) and Raja Ampat (November), which focused on the analysis of Research on hard coral (Scleractinian coral) contaminated with bacteria is still not much done, especially in Indonesian waters. This study took samples of coral mucus in 2010 at 3 (three) different locations, namely Bunaken (May); Morotai (September) and Raja Ampat (November), which focused on the analysis of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The method used for field sampling is time swim, which is by diving at a depth of 5-10 meters for ± 30 minutes and randomly taking samples of coral mucus using siring or by taking directly on corals (reef branching). Mucus samples were analyzed by bacterial isolation in the laboratory. The result shows that there were differences between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in the three research sites and that gram-positive bacteria were higher or dominant. Further research that can identify the bacteria species and explain its relationship to the ecosystem is highly recommended.Keywords: Bacteria, Scleractinian coral, gram-positive and -negative, Bunaken, Morotai, Raja Ampat AbstrakPenelitian tentang karang keras (Scleractinian coral) yang terkontaminasi bakteri masih belum banyak dilakukan, terutama di perairan Indonesia. Penelitian ini mengambil sampel mucus karang pada tahun 2010 di 3 (tiga) lokasi berbeda, yakni Bunaken (Mei); Morotai (September) dan Raja Ampat (November), yang difokuskan pada analisis bakteri gram postif dan gram negatif. Metode yang digunakan untuk pengambilan sampel di lapangan adalah time swim, yaitu dengan penyelaman pada kedalaman 5-10 meter selama ±30 menit dan mengambil sampel mucus karang secara acak menggunakan siring atau dengan mengambil langsung pada karang (fraksi cabang). Sampel mucus dianalisis dengan cara isolasi bakteri di laboratorium. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan antara bakteri gram positif dan gram negative di tiga lokasi survei dan bakteri gram positif lebih tinggi atau dominan. Penelitian lebih lanjut yang dapat menentukan jenis bakteri serta menjelaskan hubungannya dengan ekosistem sangat disarankan untuk dilakukan.Kata Kunci : Bakteri, Scleractinian coral, gram positif dan negatif, Bunaken, Morotai, Raja Ampat

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N-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots as Fluorescent Bioimaging Agents

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst11070789 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 789

Author(s):

Shih-Fu Ou ◽

Ya-Yun Zheng ◽

Sin-Jen Lee ◽

Shyi-Tien Chen ◽

Chien-Hui Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantum Dots ◽

Carbon Nanomaterials ◽

Graphene Quantum Dots ◽

Carbon Quantum Dots ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Fluorescence Characteristics ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus

Graphene quantum dots, carbon nanomaterials with excellent fluorescence characteristics, are advantageous for use in biological systems owing to their small size, non-toxicity, and biocompatibility. We used the hydrothermal method to prepare functional N-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) from 1,3,6-trinitropyrene and analyzed their ability to fluorescently stain various bacteria. Our results showed that N-CQDs stain the cell septa and membrane of the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonellaenteritidis, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus and the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. The optimal concentration of N-CQDs was approximately 500 ppm for Gram-negative bacteria and 1000 ppm for Gram-positive bacteria, and the exposure times varied with bacteria. N-Doped carbon quantum dots have better light stability and higher photobleaching resistance than the commercially available FM4-64. When excited at two different wavelengths, N-CQDs can emit light of both red and green wavelengths, making them ideal for bioimaging. They can also specifically stain Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cell membranes. We developed an inexpensive, relatively easy, and bio-friendly method to synthesize an N-CQD composite. Additionally, they can serve as a universal bacterial membrane-staining dye, with better photobleaching resistance than commercial dyes.

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Gram-positive bacteria cell wall-derived lipoteichoic acid induces inflammatory alveolar bone loss through prostaglandin E production in osteoblasts

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92744-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tsukasa Tominari ◽

Ayumi Sanada ◽

Ryota Ichimaru ◽

Chiho Matsumoto ◽

Michiko Hirata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Bone Loss ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Osteoclast Differentiation ◽

Lipoteichoic Acid ◽

Alveolar Bone Loss ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria

AbstractPeriodontitis is an inflammatory disease associated with severe alveolar bone loss and is dominantly induced by lipopolysaccharide from Gram-negative bacteria; however, the role of Gram-positive bacteria in periodontal bone resorption remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of lipoteichoic acid (LTA), a major cell-wall factor of Gram-positive bacteria, on the progression of inflammatory alveolar bone loss in a model of periodontitis. In coculture of mouse primary osteoblasts and bone marrow cells, LTA induced osteoclast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. LTA enhanced the production of PGE2 accompanying the upregulation of the mRNA expression of mPGES-1, COX-2 and RANKL in osteoblasts. The addition of indomethacin effectively blocked the LTA-induced osteoclast differentiation by suppressing the production of PGE2. Using ex vivo organ cultures of mouse alveolar bone, we found that LTA induced alveolar bone resorption and that this was suppressed by indomethacin. In an experimental model of periodontitis, LTA was locally injected into the mouse lower gingiva, and we clearly detected alveolar bone destruction using 3D-μCT. We herein demonstrate a new concept indicating that Gram-positive bacteria in addition to Gram-negative bacteria are associated with the progression of periodontal bone loss.

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Pyelonephritis in Pediatric Uropathic Patients: Differences from Community-Acquired Ones and Therapeutic Protocol Considerations. A 10-Year Single-Center Retrospective Study

Children ◽

10.3390/children8060436 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 436

Author(s):

Giovanni Parente ◽

Tommaso Gargano ◽

Stefania Pavia ◽

Chiara Cordola ◽

Marzia Vastano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Retrospective Study ◽

Success Rate ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Klebsiella Spp

Pyelonephritis (PN) represents an important cause of morbidity in the pediatric population, especially in uropathic patients. The aim of the study is to demonstrate differences between PNs of uropathic patients and PNs acquired in community in terms of uropathogens involved and antibiotic sensitivity; moreover, to identify a proper empiric therapeutic strategy. A retrospective study was conducted on antibiograms on urine cultures from PNs in vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) patients admitted to pediatric surgery department and from PNs in not VUR patients admitted to Pediatric Emergency Unit between 2010 and 2020. We recorded 58 PNs in 33 patients affected by VUR and 112 PNs in the not VUR group. The mean age of not VUR patients at the PN episode was 1.3 ± 2.6 years (range: 20 days of life–3 years), and almost all the urine cultures, 111 (99.1%), isolated Gram-negative bacteria and rarely, 1 (0.9%), Gram-positive bacteria. The Gram-negative uropathogens isolated were Escherichia coli (97%), Proteus mirabilis (2%), and Klebsiella spp. (1%). The only Gram-positive bacteria isolated was an Enterococcus faecalis. As regards the antibiograms, 96% of not VUR PNs responded to beta-lactams, 99% to aminoglycosides, and 80% to sulfonamides. For the VUR group, mean age was 3.0 years ± 3.0 years (range: 9 days of life–11 years) and mean number of episodes per patient was 2.0 ± 1.0 (range: 1–5); 83% of PNs were by Gram-negatives bacteria vs. 17% by Gram-positive: the most important Gram-negative bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (44%), Escherichia coli (27%), and Klebsiella spp. (12%), while Enterococcus spp. determined 90% of Gram-positive UTIs. Regimen ampicillin/ceftazidime (success rate: 72.0%) was compared to ampicillin/amikacin (success rate of 83.0%): no statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.09). The pathogens of PNs in uropathic patients are different from those of community-acquired PNs, and clinicians should be aware of their peculiar antibiotic susceptibility. An empiric therapy based on the association ampicillin + ceftazidime is therefore suggested.

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Enaminone-Derived Pyrazoles with Antimicrobial Activity

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2019/2467970 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Mashooq Ahmad Bhat ◽

Mohamed A. Al-Omar ◽

Ahmed M. Naglah ◽

Abdul Arif Khan

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Significant Activity ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Initial Screening ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Disc Diffusion Assay ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Diffusion Assay

A series of pyrazoles derived from the substituted enaminones were synthesized and were evaluated for antimicrobial activity. All the compounds were characterized by the spectral data and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were initially screened for their antimicrobial activity against ATCC 6538, NCTC 10400, NCTC 10418, and ATCC 27853. During initial screening, compounds (P1, P6, and P11) presented significant antimicrobial activity through disc diffusion assay. These compounds were further evaluated for antimicrobial activity at different time points against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and presented significant activity for 6 hours. The activity was found to be greater against Gram-positive bacteria. In contrast at 24 hours, the activity was found only against Gram-positive bacteria except compound (P11), showing activity against both types of bacteria. Compound (P11) was found to have highest activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

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In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Activities of DW-224a, a New Fluoronaphthyridone

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01407-05 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

pp. 2261-2264 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Hee-Soo Park ◽

Hyun-Joo Kim ◽

Min-Jung Seol ◽

Dong-Rack Choi ◽

Eung-Chil Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activities ◽

The Other ◽

Vitro Activity ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

In Vitro Activity ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria

ABSTRACT DW-224a showed the most potent in vitro activity among the quinolone compounds tested against clinical isolates of gram-positive bacteria. Against gram-negative bacteria, DW-224a was slightly less active than the other fluoroquinolones. The in vivo activities of DW-224a against gram-positive bacteria were more potent than those of other quinolones.

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