Immunomodulatory Activities of Ammodytes personatus Egg Lipid in RAW264.7 Cells

Ammodytes personatus, known as the Pacific sand lance, thrives in cold areas of the North Pacific. In this study, the total lipid was extracted from A. personatus eggs and the fatty acid composition was determined using gas chromatography (GC)–flame ionization detection (FID). The results showed that the extracted lipid contained high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The immunomodulatory activities of the A. personatus lipid were investigated using rodent macrophages. First, immune enhancement was analyzed, and the A. personatus lipid significantly and dose-dependently increased the NO production in RAW264.7 cells, and this lipid also regulated the transcription of immune-associated genes in RAW264.7 cells by activating the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Additionally, flow cytometry revealed that this lipid stimulated phagocytosis. Conversely, the anti-inflammatory activity of the A. personatus lipid was also analyzed and the results showed significantly decreased NO production and gene expression in a dose-dependent manner in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, the A. personatus lipid suppressed the LPS-induced phosphorylation of proteins related to the NF-κB and MAPK pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Further, flow cytometry demonstrated the lipid-regulated anti-inflammatory activity via inhibition of CD86 expression. The results indicate that A. personatus egg lipid is a potential source of immunomodulation.

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Ethanol Extract of Lilium Bulbs Plays an Anti-Inflammatory Role by Targeting the IKKα/β-Mediated NF-κB Pathway in Macrophages

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x18500672 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (06) ◽

pp. 1281-1296 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sang Yun Han ◽

Young-Su Yi ◽

Seong-Gu Jeong ◽

Yo Han Hong ◽

Kang Jun Choi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Nuclear Translocation ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Raw264.7 Cells ◽

No Production ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Bioactive Components ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Lilium bulbs have long been used as Chinese traditional medicines to alleviate the symptoms of various human inflammatory diseases. However, mechanisms of Lilium bulb-mediated anti-inflammatory activity and the bioactive components in Lilium bulbs remain unknown. In the present study, the anti-inflammatory activity of Lilium bulbs and the underlying mechanism of action were investigated in macrophages using Lilium bulb ethanol extracts (Lb-EE). In a dose-dependent manner, Lb-EE inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) without causing significant cytotoxicity. Lb-EE also down-regulated mRNA expression of inflammatory genes in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, which included inducuble nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text] (TNF-[Formula: see text]). Furthermore, Lb-EE markedly restored LPS-induced morphological changes in RAW264.7 cells to a normal morphology. HPLC analysis identified quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol as bioactive components contained in Lb-EE. Mechanistic studies in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells revealed that Lb-EE suppressed MyD88- and TRIF-induced NF-[Formula: see text]B transcriptional activation and the nuclear translocation of NF-[Formula: see text]B transcription factors. Moreover, Lb-EE inhibited IKK[Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]-induced activation of the NF-[Formula: see text]B signaling pathway and IKK inhibition significantly reduced NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that Lb-EE plays an anti-inflammatory role by targeting IKK[Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]-mediated activation of the NF-[Formula: see text]B signaling pathway during macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses.

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Archidendron lucidum Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects by Targeting PDK1 in the NF-κB Pathway

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x20500226 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (02) ◽

pp. 429-444

Author(s):

Minkyeong Jo ◽

Young-Su Yi ◽

Jae Youl Cho

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathway ◽

Hplc Analysis ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Interleukin 1 ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Raw264.7 Cells ◽

Luciferase Reporter ◽

No Production ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Pharmacological activities of some Leguminosae family members were reported. Pharmacological activities of Archidendron lucidum, a Leguminosae family member have never been explored. Therefore, this study investigated anti-inflammatory effects of an Archidendron lucidum methanol extract (Al-ME). In this study, anti-inflammatory effects of Al-ME were investigated in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis mice by MTT assay, nitric oxide (NO) production assay, semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), luciferase reporter assay, and Western blotting. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis identified ethnopharmacological compounds in Al-ME. Al-ME inhibited NO production without cytotoxicity in peritoneal macrophages and RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS or Pam3CSK4. Al-ME downregulated mRNA expression of inflammatory genes (inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-[Formula: see text] (TNF-[Formula: see text]), interleukin-1[Formula: see text] (IL-1[Formula: see text]), and IL-6). Al-ME exerted anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-[Formula: see text]B) signaling pathway. HPLC analysis identified quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol as major anti-inflammatory components in Al-ME. Al-ME ameliorated HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis symptoms in mice by suppressing iNOS and IL-6 mRNA expressions and I[Formula: see text]B[Formula: see text] phosphorylation. Therefore, these results suggest that Al-ME exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by targeting NF-[Formula: see text]B signaling pathway, implying that Al-ME could be potent anti-inflammatory medications to prevent and treat inflammatory diseases.

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Sageretia thea Inhibits Inflammation through Suppression of NF-κB and MAPK and Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathways in RAW264.7 Cells

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x19500198 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (02) ◽

pp. 385-403 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ha Na Kim ◽

Gwang Hun Park ◽

Su Bin Park ◽

Jeong Dong Kim ◽

Hyun Ji Eo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Nuclear Accumulation ◽

Raw264.7 Cells ◽

No Production ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Signaling Activation

Sageretia thea (S. thea) commonly known as Chinese sweet plum or Chinese bird plum has been used for treating hepatitis and fevers in Korea and China. S. thea has been reported to exert anti-oxidant, anticancer and anti-human immunodeficiency virus activity. However, there is little study on the anti-inflammatory activity of S. thea. Thus, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of extracts of leaves (ST-L) and branches (ST-B) from Sageretia thea in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. ST-L and ST-B significantly inhibited the production of the pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, iNOS, COX-2, IL-1[Formula: see text] and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. ST-L and ST-B blocked LPS-induced degradation of I[Formula: see text]B-[Formula: see text] and nuclear accumulation of p65, which resulted in the inhibition of NF-[Formula: see text]B activation in RAW264.7 cells. ST-L and ST-B also attenuated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. In addition, ST-L and ST-B increased HO-1 expression in RAW264.7 cells, and the inhibition of HO-1 by ZnPP reduced the inhibitory effect of ST-L and ST-B against LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells. Inhibition of p38 activation and ROS elimination attenuated HO-1 expression by ST-L and ST-B, and ROS elimination inhibited p38 activation induced by ST-L and ST-B. ST-L and ST-B dramatically induced nuclear accumulation of Nrf2, but this was significantly reversed by the inhibition of p38 activation and ROS elimination. Collectively, our results suggest that ST-L and ST-B exerts potential anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing NF-[Formula: see text]B and MAPK signaling activation, and activating HO-1 expression through the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 via ROS-dependent p38 activation. These findings suggest that ST-L and ST-B may have great potential for the development of anti-inflammatory drug to treat acute and chronic inflammatory disorders.

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ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF TINOCRISPOSIDE BY INHIBITING NITRIC OXIDE PRODUCTION IN LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES-STIMULATED RAW 264.7 CELLS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i4.23739 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 149 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adek Zamrud Adnan ◽

Muhammad Taher ◽

Tika Afriani ◽

Annisa Fauzana ◽

Dewi Imelda Roesma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Positive Control ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

No Production ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of tinocrisposide using lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Tinocrisposide is a furano diterpene glycoside that was isolated in our previous study from Tinospora crispa.Methods: Anti-inflammatory effect was quantified spectrometrically using Griess method by measuring nitric oxide (NO) production after the addition of Griess reagent.Results: The sample concentrations of 1, 5, 25, 50, and 100 μM and 100 μM of dexamethasone (positive control) have been tested against the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and the results showed NO level production of 39.23, 34.00, 28.9, 20.25, 16.3, and 13.68 μM, respectively, and the inhibition level of 22.67, 33.00, 43.03, 60.10, 68.00, and 73%, respectively.Conclusions: From the study, it could be concluded that tinocrisposide was able to inhibit the formation of NO in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells in concentration activity-dependent manner, with half-maximal inhibition concentration 46.92 μM. It can be developed as anti-inflammatory candidate drug because NO is a reactive nitrogen species which is produced by NO synthase. The production of NO has been established as a mediator in inflammatory diseases.

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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Sonchus oleraceus Extract in Lipopoly saccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells

Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal ◽

10.13005/bpj/1546 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1755-1761

Author(s):

Eun-Jin Yang ◽

Sungchan Jang ◽

Kwang Hee Hyun ◽

Eun-Young Jung ◽

Seung-Young Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Raw264.7 Cells ◽

Supporting Evidence ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Sonchus Oleraceus ◽

Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

The anti-inflammatory activity and non-toxicity of Sonchus oleraceus extract (J6) were tested by measuring its effect on the levels of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. We treated the RAW264.7 cells with various concentrations (50, 100, or 200 μg/mL) of J6. Our results showed that J6 inhibited the production of NO, PGE2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in a concentration-dependent manner, without compromising cell viability. In addition, we provided supporting evidence that the inhibitory activity of J6 on the production of NO and PGE2 occurred via the downregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), respectively. Our findings suggest that J6 is a new source for anti-inflammatory drugs and ingredients for healthcare products that include functional cosmetics.

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Anti-Inflammatory Activity of 4-((1R,2R)-3-Hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol Isolated from Juglans mandshurica Maxim. in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages and Zebrafish Larvae Model

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14080771 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 771

Author(s):

Su-Hyeon Cho ◽

SeonJu Park ◽

Hoibin Jeong ◽

Song-Rae Kim ◽

Myeong Seon Jeong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Raw 264.7 Cells ◽

No Production ◽

Raw 264.7 ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Juglans Mandshurica ◽

Zebrafish Larvae ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Juglans mandshurica Maxim., a traditional folk medicinal plant, is widely distributed in Korea and China. In our previous study, we isolated a new phenylpropanoid compound, 4-((1R,2R)-3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol (HHMP), from J. mandshurica. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of HHMP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and zebrafish larvae. HHMP significantly inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 production in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, HHMP treatment considerably suppressed LPS-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. We also demonstrated the mechanisms of HHMP inhibition of inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells via Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, HHMP significantly inhibited NO production in LPS-stimulated zebrafish larvae. Consequently, we established that HHMP significantly inhibited the LPS-induced activation of NF-κB and MAPK and the nuclear translocation of p65 in RAW 264.7 cells. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the effect of HHMP on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo, suggesting its potential to be used as a natural anti-inflammatory agent.

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The Anti-inflammatory Effects of Lignan Glycosides from Cistanche tubulosa stems on LPS/IFN-γ-induced RAW264.7 Macrophage Cells via PI3K/AKT Pathway

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201021999201124151426 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Jinhan Guo ◽

Shuming Tang ◽

Yuyang Miao ◽

Lanlan Ge ◽

Junfa Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raw264.7 Cells ◽

Akt Pathway ◽

No Production ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Ifn Γ ◽

Cox 2 ◽

Cistanche Tubulosa ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Lignan Glycosides ◽

Dose Dependent

Background: Cistanche tubulosa is a tonic in traditional Chinese medicines and has a broad spectrum of biological activity, including anti-inflammatory. However, its anti-inflammatory major constituents of C. tubulosa and their underlying mechanisms are still unknown. Objective: The aim of the current study was to explore the separation and structural characterization of lignan glycosides from C. tubulosa (Schenk) Wight., their anti-inflammatory activity and underlying mechanism. Materials and Methods: Fractionation and isolation of the 85% EtOH extract of C. tubulosa (Schenk) Wight. were carried out and the primary ingredients lignan glycosides (1-6) were structurally characterized. CCK8 methods were used to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of lignan glycosides (1-6). Effects of lignan glycosides (1-6) on NO production in LPS/IFN-γ-induced RAW264.7 macrophages cells were measured using Griess reagent by reaction with nitrite. The mRNA expression levels of iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-a, and TGF-β treated RAW264.7 cells with various concentrations (0, 25 and 50 μg/ml) of lignan glycosides (1, 4) in the presence of LPS (10 ng/ml) and IFN-γ (20 ng/ml) for 24 h were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. Also the protein expressions of iNOS, COX-2, PI3K, AKT, p-AKT and β-actin were determined using Western blot analysis. A molecular docking study was performed to investigate the interactions between the lignan glycosides and the PI3K using Autodock vina 1.1.2 package. Results: Six lignan glycosides (1-6) were isolated from stems of C. tubulosa. Among them, (+)-pinoresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl- (1→6)-β-D- glucopyranoside (5) and eleutheroside E (6) were firstly isolated from C. tubulosa. Of these lignans, 1 and 4 exhibited pronounced inhibitions on NO production with the values of 33.63 ± 4.78 and 39.28 ± 5.52 % at 50 μg/ml, respectively. Additionally, LPS/IFN-γ-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) was significantly suppressed by pre-treatment of 1 and 4 in a dose-dependent manner. While 1 and 4 increased the mRNA levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β). Furthermore, 1 and 4 significantly inhibited the protein levels of PI3K and p-AKT in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggest that 1 and 4 play an important role in the attenuation of LPS/IFN-γ-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells and that the mechanisms involve down-regulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway.

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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Berchemia floribunda in LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells through Regulation of NF-κB and MAPKs Signaling Pathway

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10030586 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 586

Author(s):

Hyun Ji Eo ◽

Jun Hyuk Jang ◽

Gwang Hun Park

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathway ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Nuclear Accumulation ◽

Raw264.7 Cells ◽

No Production ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Cox 2 ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Berchemia floribunda (Wall.) Brongn. (BF), which belongs to Rhamnaceae, is a special plant of Anmyeon Island in Korea. BF has been reported to have antioxidant and whitening effects. However, the anti-inflammatory activity of BR has not been elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of leaves (BR-L), branches (BR-B) and fruit (BR-F) extracted with 70% ethanol of BR and elucidated the potential signaling pathway in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. BR-L showed a strong anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of NO production. BR-L significantly suppressed the production of the pro-inflammatory mediators such as iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. BR-L suppressed the degradation and phosphorylation of IκB-α, which contributed to the inhibition of p65 nuclear accumulation and NF-κB activation. BR-L obstructed the phosphorylation of MAPKs (ERK1/2, p38 and JNK) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Consequently, these results suggest that BR-L may have great potential for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs to treat acute and chronic inflammatory disorders.

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Acute and Chronic Anti-inflammatory effect of Bryophyllum pinnatum Leaf Extract on Wistar Rats

European Journal of Medicinal Plants ◽

10.9734/ejmp/2021/v32i630395 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 6-14

Author(s):

Emmanuel Ikechukwu Onwubuya ◽

Henrietta Aritetsoma Ogbunugafor ◽

Chike Samuel Okafor ◽

Afees Adebayo Oladejo

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Cotton Pellet ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Effect ◽

Bryophyllum Pinnatum

Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken (Crassulaceae) is used traditionally to treat many ailments. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of hydro-ethanol leaf extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum on Wistar rats using acute and chronic models and also evaluates the bioactive compounds of the leaf extract. The phytochemical constituents of the plant extract were quantitatively determined by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) and acute anti-inflammatory activity was carried out with the aid of plethysmometer while chronic anti-inflammatory activity was investigated using cotton pellet. Results showed that the leaf extract of B. pinnatum was rich in kaempferol (7.006 ±0.02 μg/g), sapogenin (3.372 ±0.02 μg/g), rutin (1.837 ±0.01 μg/g) and lunamarine (1.359 ±0.01 μg/g). The findings showed that the plant had considerable anti-inflammatory effects in a dose dependent manner, returning edema in carragenean-induced and cotton pellet induced granuloma in Wistar rats to normal within 120 minutes and 7 days respectively. The findings of this work have shown that the leaf of B. pinnatum was rich in bioactive compounds which could be synthesized to produce new plant based product to fight inflammatory disorders with fewer side effects.

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Moringa Fruit Inhibits LPS-Induced NO/iNOS Expression through Suppressing the NF-κB Activation in RAW264.7 Cells

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x13500754 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 41 (05) ◽

pp. 1109-1123 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Hyo-Jin Lee ◽

Yun-Jeong Jeong ◽

Tae-Sung Lee ◽

Yoon-Yub Park ◽

Whi-Gun Chae ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Inflammatory Mediators ◽

Nuclear Translocation ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Raw264.7 Cells ◽

No Production ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Anti Inflammatory

In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.), a natural biologically active substance, by determining its inhibitory effects on pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Extracts from different parts of moringa (root, leaf, and fruit) reduced LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) release in a dose-dependent manner. The moringa fruit extract most effectively inhibited LPS-induced NO production and levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The moringa fruit extract also was shown to suppress the production of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. Furthermore, moringa fruit extract inhibited the cytoplasmic degradation of I κ B -α and the nuclear translocation of p65 proteins, resulting in lower levels of NF -κ B transactivation. Collectively, the results of this study demonstrate that moringa fruit extract reduces the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators including NO , IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 via the inhibition of NF -κ B activation in RAW264.7 cells. These findings reveal, in part, the molecular basis underlying the anti-inflammatory properties of moringa fruit extract.

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