scholarly journals The Procyanidin C1-Dependent Inhibition of the Hydrolysis of Potato Starch and Corn Starch Induced by Pancreatin

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 6121
Author(s):  
Umeo Takahama ◽  
Sachiko Hirota
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Starch Hydrolysis ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Procyanidins are contained in various foods, and their effects on starch hydrolysis have been reported. In Japan, black soybeans, which contain a trimeric procyanidin, procyanidin C1 (proC1), are cooked with rice and used to prepare dumplings. In this study, the effects of proC1 on the pancreatin-induced formation of reducing sugars and starch hydrolysis were studied using potato starch and corn starch. ProC1 inhibited both reactions; the inhibition was greater in potato starch than corn starch when added to heated potato starch and corn starch. When heated with proC1, its inhibitory effects decreased, especially in potato starch, suggesting the important role of proC1 itself for the inhibition of potato starch hydrolysis. ProC1 also inhibited the hydrolysis when added to heated, longer amylose (average molecular weight: 31,200), and the inhibition decreased when heated with the amylose. On the other hand, proC1 could not inhibit the hydrolysis when added to heated, shorter amylose (average molecular weight: 4500), but could when heated with the amylose, suggesting the important role of the degradation products of proC1 for the inhibition. We discuss the mechanism of the proC1-dependent inhibition of amylose hydrolysis, taking the molecular weight into account.

scholarly journals Influence of Starch Composition and Molecular Weight on Physicochemical Properties of Biodegradable Films

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Domene-López ◽  
Juan Carlos García-Quesada ◽  
Ignacio Martin-Gullon ◽  
Mercedes G. Montalbán
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Hydration Properties ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Starch Films

Thermoplastic starch (TPS) films are considered one of the most promising alternatives for replacing synthetic polymers in the packaging field due to the starch biodegradability, low cost, and abundant availability. However, starch granule composition, expressed in terms of amylose content and phosphate monoesters, and molecular weight of starch clearly affects some film properties. In this contribution, biodegradable TPS films made from potato, corn, wheat, and rice starch were prepared using the casting technique. The effect of the grain structure of each starch on microstructure, transparency, hydration properties, crystallinity, and mechanical properties of the films, was evaluated. Potato starch films were the most transparent and corn starch films the most opaque. All the films had homogeneous internal structures—highly amorphous and with no pores, both of which point to a good starch gelatinization process. The maximum tensile strength (4.48–8.14 MPa), elongation at break (35.41–100.34%), and Young’s modulus (116.42–294.98 MPa) of the TPS films were clearly influenced by the amylose content, molecular weight, and crystallinity of the film. In this respect, wheat and corn starch films, are the most resistant and least stretchable, while rice starch films are the most extensible but least resistant. These findings show that all the studied starches can be considered suitable for manufacturing resistant and flexible films with similar properties to those of synthetic low-density polyethylene (LDPE), by a simple and environmentally-friendly process.

Studies on the Role of Fibrinolysis and Fibrinogen Degradation Products (FDP) in Analgesic Action of Morphine

1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Buczko ◽  
Konstanty Wiśniewski
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
Clinical Effect ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Analgesic Action ◽  
Fibrinogen Degradation Products ◽  
The Brain

SummaryThe role of fibrinolysis and FDP in the analgesic action of morphine in mice and rats was studied. It was shown that during activation of blood fibrinolysis, both the accumulation of morphine in the brain tissue of rats and the clinical effect of this drug were increased. Similar results were observed after morphine given simultaneously with FDP obtained in vitro. The data from the analysis of FDP carried out on Sephadex G-25 Fine columns suggest that only FDP of molecular weight of about 10,000 potentiate the action of morphine; smaller peptides decreased the action of this drug.

N-Substituted Indole-3-imine Derivatives and their Amine Congeners: Antioxidant and Src Kinase Inhibitory Effects

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 347-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zühal Kılıç ◽  
Fatma Şener ◽  
Yasemin G. İşgör ◽  
Tülay Çoban ◽  
Süreyya Ölgen
Keyword(s):  
Protein Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Src Kinase ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Cellular Redox ◽  
Redox States ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Cellular Oxidation

Current evidences demonstrated that the activity of protein kinases can be controlled through oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and normalized by antioxidants. Recent studies with ROS, generated by mitochondria, suggested the potential signalling role of these species, where ROS, especially hydrogen peroxide, were proposed as membrane-related signalling components. The protein regulation by cellular redox states has shown that protein tyrosine kinase members, such as Src kinase and some of the members of the Src family kinases (SFKs), are proteins regulated by the cellular oxidation and reduction status. In this context, the oxidant or antioxidant potential of the synthetic Src kinase inhibitors previously synthesized and studied by our research group, such as N-substituted indole-3-imine and -amine derivatives, were investigated employing various acellular in vitro methods including microsomal NADPH-dependent inhibition of lipid peroxidation (LP), interaction of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and scavenging of superoxide anion radicals. Here, we report that some of the synthetic inhibitors designed for Src kinase target have both antioxidant and kinase inhibition properties.

A novel dextrin produced by the enzymatic reaction of 6-α-glucosyltransferase I: The effect of non-reducing ends of glucose with by α-1,6 bonds on the retrogradation inhibition of high molecular weight dextrin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Yasuda ◽  
Manabu Miyata ◽  
Osamu Sano ◽  
Tatsufumi Sogo ◽  
Seiichiro Kishishita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Amperometric Detection ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Weight Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Waxy Corn Starch ◽  
Waxy Corn

Abstract We prepared a high-molecular-weight modified dextrin (MWS-1000) from a partial hydrolysate of waxy corn starch with a weight average molecular weight of 1 × 106 (WS-1000) using Paenibacillus alginolyticus PP710 α-glucosyltransferase. The gel permeation chromatography showed that the weight average molecular weight of MWS-1000 was almost the same as that of WS-1000. The side chain length of WS-1000 and MWS-1000 after isomaltodextranase digestion were also shown to be similar to each other by high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Since MWS-1000 confirmed the presence of α-1,6 bonds by enzyme digestibility, methylation, and 1H-NMR analyses, it was presumed that the structure of MWS-1000 was based on the introduction of α-1,6 glucosyl residues at the non-reducing ends of the partial hydrolysate of waxy corn starch. Furthermore, the MWS-1000 solution was not retrograded even during refrigerated storage or after repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

scholarly journals Ultrasound-Assisted Ultra-Mild-Acid Hydrolisis of -Carrageenan

REAKTOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Ratnawati Ratnawati ◽  
Nita Indriyani
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Number Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Mild Acid

The low molecular weight fraction of κ-carrageenan is useful in biomedical applications. An ultrasound-assisted acid hydrolysis of κ-carrageenan has been studied. κ-carrageenan with an initial number-average molecular weight of 629 kDa was dispersed in distilled water to form a 5 g/l solution. The pH (3 and 6) of the solution was adjusted by adding HCl solution. The depolymerization reaction was carried out in an ultrasonic device at various temperatures (30, 40, 50, and 60°C) and times (8, 16, 24, and 32 min). The experimental results showed that ultrasound positively contributed to acid hydrolysis process. The number-average molecular weight of the treated k-carrageenan was lower or the percentage of reduction was higher at lower pH, longer reaction time, and higher temperature. The lowest number-average molecular weight (14 kDa) or the highest percent of molecular weight reduction reduction (97.7%) was achieved after ultrasonic irradiation at 60°C and pH 3 for 32 min. Keywords: depolymerization; midpoint scission; ultrasonication

THE INADEQUACY OF UNMODIFIED POTATO STARCH AS DIETARY CARBOHYDRATE FOR THE ALBINO RAT

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 447-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohdan Jelinek ◽  
Mitsuru C. Katayama ◽  
Alfred E. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Alpha Amylase ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Outermost Layer ◽  
Food Residue ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Unmodified (raw) potato starch was poorly utilized, whereas unmodified corn starch and wheat starch were almost completely digested by the rat. The ingestion of unmodified potato starch caused a distention of the caecum and intestines. This enlargement resulted from the accumulation of food residue in the caecum and the consequent formation of gas from fermentation. The utilization of unmodified potato starch was not appreciably improved by the inclusion of either lactose or sucrose in the ration. However, the utilization of potato starch by the rat was improved when the starch was heated in an autoclave at 120° C, in a dry oven at 145° C, or was finely ground. During digestion studies performed in vitro with pancreatin pronounced hydrolysis of both corn starch and wheat starch occurred, but hydrolysis of unmodified potato starch was very slight. Ground potato starch was hydrolyzed very rapidly. The low digestibility of unmodified potato starch was attributed to the resistance of the outermost layer or layers of the granules to attack by alpha-amylase.

scholarly journals A thin layer chromatographic comparison of raw and soluble starch hydrolysis patterns of some α-amylases from Bacillus sp. isolated in Serbia

2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Gligorijevic ◽  
Nikola Stevanovic ◽  
Nikola Loncar ◽  
Rada Baosic ◽  
Zoran Vujcic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Starch Hydrolysis ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Raw Starch ◽  
Raw Starch Hydrolysis ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Natural Isolates ◽  
Tlc Analysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Several natural isolates of Bacillus strains namely 5B, 12B, 16B, 18 and 24B were grown on two different temperatures in submerged fermentation for the raw-starch-digesting a-amylases production. All strains except Bacillus sp. 18 produced more ?-amylase on 37?C. The hydrolysis of raw corn starch followed same pattern. Efficient hydrolysis was obtained with ?-amylases from Bacillus sp. 5B, 12B, 16B and 24B grown on 37?C and Bacillus sp. 18 grown on 50?C. Zymography after isoelectric focusing shown that ?-amylases were produced in multiple forms, from 2 to 6, depending on the strain when they were growing at 37 ?C, while growing at 50?C induced only 1 or 2 isoforms. TLC analysis of hydrolysis products of raw corn and soluble starch by ?-amylases revealed production of various mixtures of oligosaccharides. In most cases G3 was the most dominant product from soluble starch while G2, G3 and G5 were the main products of raw starch hydrolysis. This indicates that obtained a-amylases can be used for starch liquefying or short-chain-oligosaccharide forming, depending on what type of starch (raw or soluble) was used for the hydrolysis.

scholarly journals A Systematic Study on the Degradation Products Generated from Artificially Aged Microplastics

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1997
Author(s):  
Greta Biale ◽  
Jacopo La Nasa ◽  
Marco Mattonai ◽  
Andrea Corti ◽  
Virginia Vinciguerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Photo Degradation ◽  
Degradation Processes ◽  
Wide Range

Most of the analytical studies focused on microplastics (MPs) are based on the detection and identification of the polymers constituting the particles. On the other hand, plastic debris in the environment undergoes chemical and physical degradation processes leading not only to mechanical but also to molecular fragmentation quickly resulting in the formation of leachable, soluble and/or volatile degradation products that are released in the environment. We performed the analysis of reference MPs–polymer micropowders obtained by grinding a set of five polymer types down to final size in the 857–509 μm range, namely high- and low-density polyethylene, polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The reference MPs were artificially aged in a solar-box to investigate their degradation processes by characterizing the aged (photo-oxidized) MPs and their low molecular weight and/or highly oxidized fraction. For this purpose, the artificially aged MPs were subjected to extraction in polar organic solvents, targeting selective recovery of the low molecular weight fractions generated during the artificial aging. Analysis of the extractable fractions and of the residues was carried out by a multi-technique approach combining evolved gas analysis–mass spectrometry (EGA–MS), pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py–GC–MS), and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The results provided information on the degradation products formed during accelerated aging. Up to 18 wt% of extractable, low molecular weight fraction was recovered from the photo-aged MPs, depending on the polymer type. The photo-degradation products of polyolefins (PE and PP) included a wide range of long chain alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and hydroxy acids, as detected in the soluble fractions of aged samples. SEC analyses also showed a marked decrease in the average molecular weight of PP polymer chains, whereas cross-linking was observed in the case of PS. The most abundant low molecular weight photo-degradation products of PS were benzoic acid and 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, while PET had the highest stability towards aging, as indicated by the modest generation of low molecular weight species.

AVE5026: A Novel, Extractive Heparinoid with Enriched Anti-Xa Activity and Enhanced Antithrombotic Activity.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 1881-1881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debra Hoppensteadt ◽  
Josephine Cunanan ◽  
Eric Geniaux ◽  
Martin Lorenz ◽  
Christian Viskov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Base System ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract AVE5026 represents a new generation of antithrombotic with high anti-Xa and low anti-IIa activities (anti Xa/IIa ratio > 30) when compared to heparin and low molecular weight heparins. This new heparin is a polydisperse mixture of oligomeric heparin fragments with an average molecular weight of 2000–3000 daltons prepared by partial and controlled depolymerization of porcine mucosal heparin. Unlike other depolymerized heparins where the antithrombin (AT) affinity components and anti-Xa activity is decreased with the decrease in the molecular weight, AVE5026 exhibits a relatively higher proportion of AT components which translates into a higher anti-Xa activity. A great majority of the oligosaccharide components in AVE5026 are composed of tetra-, hexa-, octa-and deca-saccharides. Heparinase is capable of digesting AVE5026 into mainly tetrasaccharide components. Despite its lower antithrombin actions, AVE5026 produces its anticoagulant effect in such whole blood assays as ACT and TEG. In the whole blood based global anticoagulant assays such as PT, APTT, AVE5026 produces modest anticoagulant effects in comparison to enoxaparin and heparin. Similarly in the plasma base system its anticoagulant effects are relatively weaker than enoxaparin and heparin. In the amidolytic anti-Xa assay, AVE5026 produced stronger inhibitory effects in comparison to enoxaparin (IC50 = 2.5 and 4.1 μg/ml, respectively). In the amidolytic anti-IIa assays AVE5026 produced modest inhibitory effects (IC50 = 38 μg/ml). Interestingly, in the AT deficient plasma in the APTT, AVE5026 produced comparable anticoagulant effects as in the NHP, indicating a stronger thrombin generation effect. Such an effect was not observed in the heptest and anti-Xa assays. In the purified AT system, AVE5026 produced a relatively stronger anti-Xa effect than enoxaparin (IC50 = 2.0 and 3.8 μg/ml, respectively). Interestingly in the thrombin generation assays using both intrinsic and extrinsic activators, AVE5026 produced concentration dependent inhibition of Xa (IC50=7–8 μg/ml) and IIa generation (IC50=>10 μg/ml), whereas fondaparinux did not produce any effect. In the agonist induced platelet aggregation studies with agonists such as ADP, collagen, epinephrine and arachidonic acid, AVE5026 did not produce any inhibitory effects. However, it strongly blunted TF mediated activation of microparticles and p-selectin expression (IC50=8 μg/ml). In comparison to enoxaparin, AVE5026 showed no cross reactivity with the HIT antibodies in the platelet aggregation system. AVE5026 produced a dose dependent antithrombotic response after IV and SC administration in the rat laser model. In the rabbit stasis thrombosis model AVE5026 produced a dose dependent antithrombotic effect by both IV and SC routes. The relative bleeding effects of AVE5026 in a rat tail bleeding and rabbit blood loss model were negligible in comparison to enoxaparin and heparin by both IV and SC routes. Repeated administration of AVE5026 in dose ranges of 1–5 mg/kg od, sc for 14 days did not result in accumulation effect of the Xa actions. Furthermore, in contrast to enoxaparin, there was no enhancement of the hemorrhagic profile. This superior safety efficacy index in animal models in comparison to other LMWH may translate into improved antithrombotic efficacy with decreased bleeding risk.

scholarly journals Significant Role of Fragment 1·2 Plus Light Chain of Bovine High Molecular Weight Kininogen in Contact Mediated Coagulation

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Waldmann ◽  
A. G. Scicli ◽  
G. M. Scicli ◽  
J. A. Guimaraes ◽  
O. A. Carretero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Urinary Kallikrein ◽  
High Molecular Weight Kininogen ◽  
Molar Basis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Effect Of Light

We have previously reported that high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK) partially corrects the partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) of Fitzgerald Trait plasma (HMWK deficiency), and in addition, we have also reported that kinin free HMWK which is also Fragment 1·2 free has decreased correcting capability. Presently, we have studied the effect of lysyl-bradykinin-free HMWK with Fragment 1·2 intact, obtained by hydrolysis of HMWK with urinary kallikrein. In addition, the effect of light chain with and without attached Fragment 1·2 were studied. When the correcting capacity of HMWK was compared, on a molar basis with the above-mentioned fragments, the following results were obtained. Kinin and Fragment 1.2 free HMWK has a significantly decreased correcting capacity on the aPTT of Fitzgerald trait plasma while lysyl-bradykinin free HMWK shows no decrease in correcting capability. Light chain with Fragment 1·2 attached also has intact correcting capability while light chain alone has a significantly decreased correcting activity. The above data suggest that the active site of HMWK resides in the light chain with Fragment 1·2 attached. Since Fragment 1·2 alone has inhibitory capacity, it may serve as a binding site and the light chain as the active site.

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