Fabrication of Hydrogen Boride Thin Film by Ion Exchange in MgB2

In this study, hydrogen boride films are fabricated by ion-exchange treatment on magnesium diboride (MgB2) films under ambient temperature and pressure. We prepared oriented MgB2 films on strontium titanate (SrTiO3) substrates using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Subsequently, these films were treated with ion exchangers in acetonitrile solution. TOF-SIMS analysis evidenced that hydrogen species were introduced into the MgB2 films by using two types of ion exchangers: proton exchange resin and formic acid. According to the HAXPES analysis, negatively charged boron species were preserved in the films after the ion-exchange treatment. In addition, the FT-IR analysis suggested that B-H bonds were formed in the MgB2 films following the ion-exchange treatment. The ion-exchange treatment using formic acid was more efficient compared to the resin treatment; with respect to the amount of hydrogen species introduced into the MgB2 films. These ion-exchanged films exhibited photoinduced hydrogen release as observed in a powder sample. Based on the present study, we expect to be able to control the morphology and hydrogen content of hydrogen boride thin films by optimising the ion-exchange treatment process, which will be useful for further studies and device applications.

Download Full-text

Anion Ion Exchange Fiber Based on Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Matrixes and Its Selective Adsorption for Heavy Metal Ions

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.129-131.430 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 129-131 ◽

pp. 430-434 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Huan Zhang ◽

Jun Fu Wei ◽

Hai Tao Wang ◽

Li Juan Mu ◽

Fan Lei Yan

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Ion Exchange ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Selective Adsorption ◽

Adsorption Property ◽

Pan Fiber ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Ir Analysis ◽

Surface Modified ◽

Ion Exchange Fiber

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the capacity of anion ion exchange fiber to uptake the heavy metal(Co2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Pb2+、Ag+) from the water. A new polyamine-type ion exchange fiber(IEF) based on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with higher exchange capacities was prepared by crosslinking through hydrazine hydrate, followed reacting with diethylene triamine. FT-IR analysis indicated that amine, imido, acylamino and carboxyl groups were introduced into PAN fiber through the surface modified reaction of cross linking and amination. The structures of the IEF were characterized by means of SEM. The results showed that the surface of fiber became rougher and thicker and more heterogeneous. The static and dynamic adsorption experiments demonstrated the high selective adsorption property of the IEF for Ag+ and Cu2+. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism for the metal ions with IEF was investigated with the FT-IR spectra studies.

Download Full-text

Polarized microbeam FT-IR analysis of single fibers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100163496 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 206-207

Author(s):

Liling Cho ◽

David L. Wetzel

Keyword(s):

Molecular Orientation ◽

Transition Point ◽

Polymer Fibers ◽

Single Fiber ◽

Wire Grid ◽

Polyester Fibers ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Ir Analysis ◽

The Relationship ◽

Wire Grid Polarizer

Polarized infrared microscopy has been used for forensic purposes to differentiate among polymer fibers. Dichroism can be used to compare and discriminate between different polyester fibers, including those composed of polyethylene terephthalate that are frequently encountered during criminal casework. In the fiber manufacturering process, fibers are drawn to develop molecular orientation and crystallinity. Macromolecular chains are oriented with respect to the long axis of the fiber. It is desirable to determine the relationship between the molecular orientation and stretching properties. This is particularly useful on a single fiber basis. Polarized spectroscopic differences observed from a single fiber are proposed to reveal the extent of molecular orientation within that single fiber. In the work presented, we compared the dichroic ratio between unstretched and stretched polyester fibers, and the transition point between the two forms of the same fiber. These techniques were applied to different polyester fibers. A fiber stretching device was fabricated for use on the instrument (IRμs, Spectra-Tech) stage. Tension was applied with a micrometer screw until a “neck” was produced in the stretched fiber. Spectra were obtained from an area of 24×48 μm. A wire-grid polarizer was used between the source and the sample.

Download Full-text

Synthesis and Evaluation of Levulinic Ester as Biodiesel Additives

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.20.8.8275 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 71 (8) ◽

pp. 21-26

Author(s):

Elena-Emilia Oprescu ◽

Cristina-Emanuela Enascuta ◽

Elena Radu ◽

Vasile Lavric

Keyword(s):

Maximum Yield ◽

Strength Distribution ◽

Point Of View ◽

Reaction Parameters ◽

X Ray ◽

Ethyl Levulinate ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Ir Analysis ◽

Biodiesel Blend ◽

Acid Strength Distribution

In this study, the SO42-/TiO2-La2O3-Fe2O3 catalyst was prepared and tested in the conversion of fructose to ethyl levulinate . The catalyst was characterized from the point of view of the textural analysis, FT-IR analysis, acid strength distribution, X-ray powder diffraction and pyridine adsorption IR spectra. The influence of the reaction parameters on the ethyl levulinate yield was study. The maximum yield of 37.95% in levulinate esters was obtained at 180 �C, 2 g catalyst and 4 h reaction time. The effect of ethyl levulinate addition to diesel-biodiesel blend in different rates, i.e, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 (w.t %) on density, kinematic viscosity and flash point was evaluated and compared with the European specification.

Download Full-text

Formulation, Optimization,and Ex-Vivo Evaluation of Novel Lipid Carriers for Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Hydroquinone

Micro and Nanosystems ◽

10.2174/1876402912999200831105145 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Shivani Verma ◽

Sukhjinder Kaur ◽

Lalit Kumar

Keyword(s):

Ex Vivo ◽

Skin Permeation ◽

Topical Delivery ◽

Gelling Agent ◽

Minimum Size ◽

Prolonged Release ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Ir Analysis ◽

Skin Retention

Background: HQ is used for hyper-pigmentation treatment using conventional creams and gels. These formulations show various disadvantages like poor skin permeation, allergic reactions, and repeated use decreasing patient compliance. Objectives: The present work involved formulation, statistical optimization, and characterization of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for efficient topical delivery of hydroquinone (HQ) for hyperpigmentation treatment. Methods: The NLCs were optimized exploring Box–Behnken design (BBD) using three independent variables and two dependent variables. Formulation having the minimum size and maximum drug entrapment was considered as optimized formulation. Optimized formulation was evaluated for drug release followed by its freeze-drying. The freeze-dried formulation was subjected to differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, X-raydiffraction (XRD) analysis, and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. Furthermore, NLCs based gel was prepared by using Carbopol 934 as a gelling agent. NLCs based gel was evaluated for skin permeation, skin retention, and skin distribution (through confocal microscopic analysis) using pig ear skin. Results: Optimized NLCs showed smaller particle size [(271.9 ± 9) nm], high drug entrapment [(66.4 ± 1.2) %], tolerable polydispersity index (PDI) (0.221 ± 0.012), and zeta potential [(-25.9± 1.2) mV]. The FT-IR analysis revealed excellent compatibility between HQ and other excipients. The Carbopol 934 gel containing NLCs showed high transdermal flux [(163 ± 16.2) μg/cm2/h], permeability coefficient (0.0326 ± 0.0016), and skin permeation enhancement ratio (3.7 ± 0.4) compared to marketed cream of HQ. The results of confocal microscopic (CLSM) analysis revealed the accumulation of optimized NLCs in the lower epidermal layers of skin. Conclusion: NLCs based gel was considered effective in the topical delivery of HQ to treat hyper-pigmentation due high skin permeation, skin retention, and prolonged release of HQ.

Download Full-text

Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Sonically Prepared Cu–Y, Cu–USY and Cu–ZSM-5 Catalysts for SCR deNOx

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal11070824 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 824

Author(s):

Przemysław J. Jodłowski ◽

Izabela Czekaj ◽

Patrycja Stachurska ◽

Łukasz Kuterasiński ◽

Lucjan Chmielarz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ion Exchange ◽

Ultrasonic Irradiation ◽

Active Phase ◽

Spectroscopic Studies ◽

In Situ Drifts ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Diffuse Reflectance Infrared ◽

Experimental And Theoretical Studies

The objective of our study was to prepare Y-, USY- and ZSM-5-based catalysts by hydrothermal synthesis, followed by copper active-phase deposition by either conventional ion-exchange or ultrasonic irradiation. The resulting materials were characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, TEM, Raman, UV-Vis, monitoring ammonia and nitrogen oxide sorption by FT-IR and Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS). XRD data confirmed the purity and structure of the Y/USY or ZSM-5 zeolites. The nitrogen and ammonia sorption results indicated that the materials were highly porous and acidic. The metallic active phase was found in the form of cations in ion-exchanged zeolites and in the form of nanoparticle metal oxides in sonochemically prepared catalysts. The latter showed full activity and high stability in the SCR deNOx reaction. The faujasite-based catalysts were fully active at 200–400 °C, whereas the ZSM-5-based catalysts reached 100% activity at 400–500 °C. Our in situ DRIFTS experiments revealed that Cu–O(NO) and Cu–NH3 were intermediates, also indicating the role of Brønsted sites in the formation of NH4NO3. Furthermore, the results from our experimental in situ spectroscopic studies were compared with DFT models. Overall, our findings suggest two possible mechanisms for the deNOx reaction, depending on the method of catalyst preparation (i.e., conventional ion-exchange vs. ultrasonic irradiation).

Download Full-text

Impact of Chemical Modification on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Tropical Wood Material

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.576.314 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 576 ◽

pp. 314-317

Author(s):

Sinin Hamdan ◽

M. Saiful Islam

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Diazonium Salt ◽

Treated Wood ◽

Coupling Reaction ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Ir Analysis ◽

D Values ◽

Benzene Diazonium

Five types of selected tropical light hardwoods were chemically modified with benzene diazonium salt to improve their physical and mechanical properties. Benzene diazonium salt underwent a coupling reaction with wood which was confirmed through FT-IR analysis. The compressive modulus of the treated wood increased, whereas modulus of rupture was shown to decrease on treatment. The modified wood samples had higher hardness (Shore D) values compared to that of the control ones.

Download Full-text

Potentiometric properties of trialkylammonium ion-exchangers

Canadian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1139/v80-222 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 58 (14) ◽

pp. 1412-1417 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michel Gérin ◽

James Fresco

Keyword(s):

Ion Exchange ◽

Electrochemical Sensor ◽

Exchange Constant ◽

Membrane Material ◽

Ion Exchangers ◽

Response Curves ◽

Hydrolysis Of

The potentiometric behaviour of nitrobenzene solutions of 21 trialkylammonium salts employed as membrane material has been investigated. Deviations from ideal Nernst response curves for chloride, bromide, iodide, and perchlorate sensors were explicable on the basis of partition and hydrolysis of the ion exchangers. Interference coefficients for the anion selective electrochemical sensor tridodecylammonium perchlorate could be related to the ion-exchange constant of the salt.

Download Full-text