scholarly journals Recent Analytical Method for Detection of Chemical Adulterants in Herbal Medicine

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6606
Author(s):  
Rimadani Pratiwi ◽  
Ratu Hanifa Fayza Dipadharma ◽  
Ishmat Jati Prayugo ◽  
Olivia Angelina Layandro
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Alternative Medicine ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
The Past ◽  
Synthetic Drug ◽  
Harmful Effects

Herbal medicine has become popular in recent years as an alternative medicine. The problem arises when herbal medicines contain an undeclared synthetic drug that is illegally added, since it is a natural product that does not contain any chemical drugs due to the potential cause of harmful effects. Supervision of herbal medicines is important to ensure that these herbal medicines are still safe to use. Thus, developing a reliable analytical technique for the determination of adulterated drugs in herbal medicine is gaining interest. This review aims to provide a recent analytical method that has been used within the past 5 years (2016–2021) for the determination of chemical adulterants in herbal medicine.

scholarly journals Multitasking Herbal Nanomedicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendry Izaac El
Keyword(s):  
Optical Property ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Theoretical Physics ◽  
Healing System ◽  
Creative Research ◽  
Synthetic Drug ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Systematic Explanation

A frontier review from creative research works on nanotechnology and nanomedicine is presented in a systematic explanation. Based on multitasking healing system of herbal medicine identified in the beginning using a simple theoretical physics works, and the natural product of herbal medicine, the step by step guidance to develop important herbal nanomedicine is then enlightened. Such important herbal medicines with their unique and multitasking healing system were studied by implementing five point behavior parameters: (1). Optical property (OP), (2). Electronics and magnetics character (EMC), (3). Mechanical behavior (MB), (4). Chemical possessions (CP), and (5). Quantum movables (QM). Finally, the detail of output herbal nanomedicine is briefly elucidated. Our findings show that herbal nanomedicine are very promising for multitasking healing system which is absolutely different from normal synthetic drug which heals one target with one medicine.

scholarly journals The Past, Present and Future of Flow Cytometry in Central Nervous System Malignancies

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Evrysthenis Vartholomatos ◽  
George Vartholomatos ◽  
George A. Alexiou ◽  
Georgios S. Markopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current Review

Central nervous system malignancies (CNSMs) are categorized among the most aggressive and deadly types of cancer. The low median survival in patients with CNSMs is partly explained by the objective difficulties of brain surgeries as well as by the acquired chemoresistance of CNSM cells. Flow Cytometry is an analytical technique with the ability to quantify cell phenotype and to categorize cell populations on the basis of their characteristics. In the current review, we summarize the Flow Cytometry methodologies that have been used to study different phenotypic aspects of CNSMs. These include DNA content analysis for the determination of malignancy status and phenotypic characterization, as well as the methodologies used during the development of novel therapeutic agents. We conclude with the historical and current utility of Flow Cytometry in the field, and we propose how we can exploit current and possible future methodologies in the battle against this dreadful type of malignancy.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF FORBIDDEN PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUINDS IN ANTIRHEUMATIC JAMU

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Resmi Mustarichie ◽  
Danni Ramdhani ◽  
Wiwiek Indriyati
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Mobile Phase ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽  
Color Reaction ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Synthetic Drug ◽  
Color Reactions ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Objective:To determine forbidden (by law) pharmaceutical compounds in antirheumatic jamu.)Methods: Analysis of forbidden  pharmaceutical ingredients into jamu was carried out  by using the color reaction, thin layer chromatography and densitometry. Color reactions included organoleptic, solubility test and the color reaction, TLC using a stationary phase of silica gel GF 254 and a mobile phase of chloroform; acetone (80:20) was then measured with a densitometer.Results: Found from 7 herbal anti-rheumatic known in the market, three of which were synthetic compounds containing paracetamol and dexamethasone additions on one of them. Conclusion: There was a synthetic drug that was added to the herbal medicine namely jamu sold in the community The obtained results suggest that the authorities more intensively to monitor the manufacture and distribution of jamu and herbal medicines Keywords: AntirheumaticJamu, herbal medicine, TLC, Densitometer, paracetamol, dexamethasone 

scholarly journals Modernization Trends of Infertility Treatment of Traditional Korean Medicine

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jang-Kyung Park ◽  
Dong-Il Kim
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Implantation Rate ◽  
Infertility Treatment ◽  
Endometrial Receptivity ◽  
Traditional Korean Medicine ◽  
Korean Medicine ◽  
The Past

Despite the development of assisted reproductive technology (ART), it is difficult to increase the implantation rate. In Korea, Traditional Korean Medicine, including herbal medicine, is an important component of infertility treatment. Korean medical doctors who are treating infertility often use herbal medicine to promote implantation. In this article, as one of the research works on modernization of Traditional Korean Medicine, we investigated the experimental studies to clarify the effects of herbal medicines that are traditionally used to promote pregnancy. We searched for experimental studies over the past 10 years of improvement of endometrial receptivity in herbal medicine using six domestic and international sites. We analyzed 11 studies that meet the selection criteria. We found that herbal medicines demonstrably improved endometrial receptivity and increased pregnancy rates.

scholarly journals New Perspectives on How to Discover Drugs from Herbal Medicines: CAM's Outstanding Contribution to Modern Therapeutics

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Yuan Pan ◽  
Shu-Feng Zhou ◽  
Si-Hua Gao ◽  
Zhi-Ling Yu ◽  
Shuo-Feng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Daunting Task ◽  
History Of ◽  
Synthetic Drug ◽  
Herbal Medicinal

With tens of thousands of plant species on earth, we are endowed with an enormous wealth of medicinal remedies from Mother Nature. Natural products and their derivatives represent more than 50% of all the drugs in modern therapeutics. Because of the low success rate and huge capital investment need, the research and development of conventional drugs are very costly and difficult. Over the past few decades, researchers have focused on drug discovery from herbal medicines or botanical sources, an important group of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapy. With a long history of herbal usage for the clinical management of a variety of diseases in indigenous cultures, the success rate of developing a new drug from herbal medicinal preparations should, in theory, be higher than that from chemical synthesis. While the endeavor for drug discovery from herbal medicines is “experience driven,” the search for a therapeutically useful synthetic drug, like “looking for a needle in a haystack,” is a daunting task. In this paper, we first illustrated various approaches of drug discovery from herbal medicines. Typical examples of successful drug discovery from botanical sources were given. In addition, problems in drug discovery from herbal medicines were described and possible solutions were proposed. The prospect of drug discovery from herbal medicines in the postgenomic era was made with the provision of future directions in this area of drug development.

scholarly journals Herbal medicine: from the past to the future

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (4a) ◽  
pp. 447-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varro E Tyler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulatory Environment ◽  
American People ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mainstream Medicine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Education Act

AbstractA brief discussion of the history of the use of herbal medicines from prehistoric times to the mid-twentieth century precedes an explanation of why usage of such remedies in the United States declined in the 1940s but returned to popularity in the 1980s. The provisions of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 are presented together with its perceived influence, both positive and negative, on the health of the American people. Possible futures of herbal medicines are considered. The negative viewpoint that they will ultimately be rejected is refuted, and the more optimistic prediction that herbs are ultimately destined to become a part of mainstream medicine is defended. Stumbling blocks to such acceptance are evaluated and methods of overcoming them suggested. The urgent need for the development of a sensible regulatory environment encouraging the approval of botanicals as drugs is emphasized. After predicting a bright future for rational phytomedicines, the author opines that many of them will eventually play significant roles in medicinal practice.

scholarly journals Methodological basis of the «Entertainment» phenomenon within the postmodern discourse

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Chumachenko
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
The Past ◽  
European Culture ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the article consists of the determination of the methodological basis of the phenomenon of "Entertainment" in the discourse of postmodernism. The research methodology consists in the application of the analytical method - to determine the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study of the phenomenon of "Entertainment" in the discourse of postmodernism; the hermeneutic method - for the interpretation of the semantic content of the phenomenon of "Entertainment" in the context of the theories of post-structuralists and post-Freudians in the discourse of postmodernism; we use the historical and cultural method to investigate holistic images-concepts of the phenomenon of "Entertainment" in Western European culture in the discourse of postmodernism. The scientific novelty of the work is that for the first time the essence of the phenomenon of «Entertainment» in the theories of post-structuralists and post-Freudians in the discourse of postmodernism. Conclusions. The phenomenon of "Entertainment" begins to be seen as a form of manifestation of visual culture in the discourse of postmodernism, this phenomenon does not reflect reality but simulates this reality through experiments with artificial reality. Each context has exhaustive possibilities for its reading and interpretation, any element of artistic language can be used in another - social, political and cultural - context, or it can be influenced outside the framework of any context, which in a vivid way became the basis of the phenomenon of "Entertainment" (J. Derrida); «Entertainment» is a form of ironic rethinking in the aspect of the response to postmodernism to the avant-garde, on the recognition of the impossibility of destroying the heritage of the past and a call for an ironic rethinking of this past (R. Rorty); the essence of «Entertainment» is the process of combining already existing art forms (J. Baudrillard); - all aspects vividly prove that the philosophical concepts of R. Barthes, J. Baudrillard, J. Delioz, F. Guattari, F. Jameson were the methodological basis of the phenomenon of «Entertainment» in the discourse of postmodernism.

scholarly journals Gamma irradiation as suitable preservation method on herbal medicine: a review

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
S.W. Hadiati ◽  
H. Winarno ◽  
S. Pramono
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
The Past ◽  
Preservation Method ◽  
Food Sterilization ◽  
High Level

The trend of consuming herbal medicines has been increasing over the past three decades. No less than 80% of the world's population has used herbal medicines as a treatment. One of the problems in herbal medicine is the high level of microbial contamination caused by raw materials and production processes. Various attempts have been made to overcome these problems, one of them is the gamma irradiation method. Although irradiation has been widely used for food sterilization, the use of irradiation for sterilization on herbal medicines is still debated. It is because irradiation may affect the composition of active compounds of herbal medicines. This review aimed to discuss the applications of gamma irradiation for herbal medicines by emphasizing the chemical constituent stabilities of herbal medicines.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Herbal Medicine Users and Adverse Events Experienced in South Korea: A Survey Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soobin Jang ◽  
Kyeong Han Kim ◽  
Seung-Ho Sun ◽  
Ho-Yeon Go ◽  
Eun-Kyung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Digestive Disorders

Background. This survey aimed to investigate the characteristics of users and nonusers of herbal medicine and the adverse events experienced due to herbal medicines in South Korea. Methods. The questionnaire consisted of safety, using experience, using type, usage and nonusage reason, purchase location, and adverse events of herbal medicine. The survey was administered by online. Results. Of the total 1,134 respondents, 726 (64.0%) considered herbal medicine safe, and 693 (61.1%) answered that they have taken herbal medicines within the past year. Most common place to purchase them was “TKM hospital or clinic” (63.6%), and most participants (72.2%) took a decoction from a TKM institution. The biggest reason for taking them was for “health improvement” (57.3%), and the reasons for not using them was “medication not necessary” (63.7%). Among those who took herbal medicines, 46 experienced adverse events, and the most frequently reported symptoms were digestive disorders (52.2%). Of the 46 participants who experienced adverse events, 20 (43.5%) were treated by TKM doctors. Conclusions. This study suggests that regulation of herbal medicines is needed in order to resolve problems related to the safety of herbal medicines.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF HERBAL MEDICINE CONTAINING ALUM AS MEDICINE PREPARATION FOR VAGINAL DISCHARGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 169-178
Author(s):  
Titik Taufikurohmah ◽  
Finna Ashfia ◽  
Suyatno ◽  
Eka Apriyosa
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Herbal Medicine ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Betel Leaf ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Synthetic Drug ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Background: Vaginal discharge can caused by bacteria and fungi. Vaginal discharge treatment can be done through the use of herbal medicines that has lower side effects compared to synthetic drug. The 'X' alum herbal medicine used in this research containing majakani, betel leaf, henna leaf, gambier, turmeric, and alum. The research aims to determine the antibacterial and antifungal activities of alum herbal medicine against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Candida albicans. Method: The methode used was disk diffusion. Results: Antibacterial testing was constrained by the presence of inhomogeneous samples and the separation of alum from the solvent used, so the data obtained was considered to be less valid. While the antifungal test has the largest inhibition zone of 11.98 mm at concentration of 50%. Expansion of the concentration is carried out to determine the inhibitory zone in the actual use of herbal medicine expressed in 100% concentration. The results of inhibition zone diameter of 100% was 15.6623 mm. This result show that at 100% this herbal medicine has almost the same activity as the synthetic drug which is quite effective in inhibiting the growth of fungi. Conclusions: This research provided that herbal medicine has antifungal activity that almost effective as Ketoconazole.

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