scholarly journals Chemical and Mechanical Characterization of Licorice Root and Palm Leaf Waste Incorporated into Poly(urethane-acrylate) (PUA)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7682
Author(s):  
Serena Gabrielli ◽  
Genny Pastore ◽  
Francesca Stella ◽  
Enrico Marcantoni ◽  
Fabrizio Sarasini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Licorice Root ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Urethane Acrylate ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Tensile Performance ◽  
Cellulosic Waste ◽  
Composite Production ◽  
Palm Leaf

A poly(urethane-acrylate) polymer (PUA) was synthesized, and a sufficiently high molecular weight starting from urethane-acrylate oligomer (UAO) was obtained. PUA was then loaded with two types of powdered ligno-cellulosic waste, namely from licorice root and palm leaf, in amounts of 1, 5 and 10%, and the obtained composites were chemically and mechanically characterized. FTIR analysis of final PUA synthesized used for the composite production confirmed the new bonds formed during the polymerization process. The degradation temperatures of the two types of waste used were in line with what observed in most common natural fibers with an onset at 270 °C for licorice waste, and at 290 °C for palm leaf one. The former was more abundant in cellulose (44% vs. 12% lignin), whilst the latter was richer in lignin (30% vs. 26% cellulose). In the composites, only a limited reduction of degradation temperature was observed for palm leaf waste addition and some dispersion issues are observed for licorice root, leading to fluctuating results. Tensile performance of the composites indicates some reduction with respect to the pure polymer in terms of tensile strength, though stabilizing between data with 5 and 10% filler. In contrast, Shore A hardness of both composites slightly increases with higher filler content, while in stiffness-driven applications licorice-based composites showed potential due to an increase up to 50% compared to neat PUA. In general terms, the fracture surfaces tend to become rougher with filler introduction, which indicates the need for optimizing interfacial adhesion.

Poly(amide) oligomers with silarylene and/or germarylene units – synthesis, characterization and thermal studies

e-Polymers ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis H. Tagle ◽  
Claudio A. Terraza ◽  
Angel Leiva ◽  
Patricia Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Main Chain ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Thermal Studies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Aromatic Diamines ◽  
Packing Factor ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Acid Dichloride

AbstractTen poly(amide) oligomers were prepared from four acid dichlorides and two full-aromatic diamines, the latter containing silicon or germanium in their structure. The polymers, which contain Et/Me, Et/Et and nBu/nBu combinations on heteroatom of the acid dichloride moiety, were characterized by spectroscopic techniques, including 29Si NMR. The yields obtained and the ηιnh values established were low, indicating the low molecular weight nature of the polymers. Thermal stability was also evaluated by TG and DSC techniques. When a methyl group was replaced by a Et, the Tg of the poly(amides) (PAs) was increased in accordance with the gain in the flexibility of the chain. However and in general terms, the PAs with nBu groups show the inverse effect. Probably, the possibility of an effective interaction between these side chains affects negatively the flexibility of the main chain. On the other hand, PAs that contain single silicon in their structure show lower Tg values than the Ge-containing PAs. For the other heteroatom combinations, similar results were obtained. This fact does not agree with the lower size of silicon atom which should increase the molecular rigidity and therefore their Tg values. Probably, the influence of the side groups is decisive in hindering the chain rotation. The thermal degradation temperature (TDT) changed in agreement with the packing factor of the chains which was depending on the size of substitute groups. So, when Et group was replaced by nBu as lateral group, lower TDT were recovered. With respect to the heteroatoms used in the main chain, the TDT values do not show a clear tendency.

Liquid Crystalline PET/60HBA-MWNTs Composite: Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 668-669 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Jiang Wei Wang ◽  
Xiao Mei Bai ◽  
Zong Hao Li ◽  
Yao Zhang ◽  
Yan Ping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Crystallization Property ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Liquid Crystalline Polyester

PET/60HBA-MWNTs Liquid Crystalline Polyester (LCP) composite was synthesis by melting polymerization process with a novel method of reacting in acetic anhydride solution. FTIR, XRD, POM, TGA and mechanical properties tests were applied for the characterization of modification of nanotube, crystallization property, thermal and mechanical properties. The results indicate that thermal and mechanical properties of LCP polyester are all enhanced with 0.3wt% MWNTs addition. The degradation temperature (Td) increased for 8°C and the modules, strength and breaking elongation are increased by 39.0%, 62.3% and 46.4% respectively.

scholarly journals Mechanical, Curing Parameters and Water Absorption of Hybrid Date Palm Leaf-Orange Peel Fibers Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Hamza Chelali ◽  
Ahmed Meghezzi ◽  
Abir Berkouk ◽  
Mohamed Toufik Soltani ◽  
George Winning
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Palm Leaf

In this study, polymer-hybrid natural fibers composites were prepared using unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) as the matrix and a filler using date palm leaf fiber (DPLF) and orange peel fiber (OPF). The effect of DPLF and OPF on mechanical behavior (tensile strength and elongation at break), moisture absorption, UPR gel time (tgel) and peak exothermic temperature (Tpeak) were determined. The composites of UPR reinforced with DPLF and OPF were processed by hand lay-up technique. The UPR weight fraction was maintained at 90%, and DPLF/OPF proportions varied so that the percentage of natural fiber was 10 wt%. Seven (07) composites were prepared (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 and C7) with different DPLF:OPF ratios (0:0, 1:0, 0.75:0.25, 0.5:0.5, 0.33:0.67, 0.25:0.75, 0:1) respectively in order to screen the possible interactions. DPLF were surface modified using 6% Alkali treatment, OPF were used without surface modification. Unlike DPLF, OPF showed considerable increase of UPR tgel and Tpeak which act as natural inhibitor. Tensile strength and fracture strength were also impacted negatively and positively depending on the different fiber proportions. Absorption tests showed a decrease in the composites hydrophobicity which increases significantly with higher DPLF proportions.

Bit coir fiber and sugarcane bagasse fiber reinforced eco-friendly polypropylene composites: Development and property evaluation thereof

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1175-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun M Panicker ◽  
Rose Maria ◽  
KA Rajesh ◽  
TO Varghese
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Coir Fiber ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Degradation Temperature

Waste natural fibers, bit coir fiber residue of traditional coir industries, and sugarcane bagasse fibers were subjected to chemical modifications via alkaline steam explosion treatments toward the extraction of reinforcing fibers with better compatibility and reinforcing characteristics in the polymer matrix. The treated fibers were utilized in the fabrication of composites with polypropylene (PP) as the base polymer with the aid of maleic anhydride–grafted PP as the compatibilizer. Percent composition of fiber in the composites was decided to facilitate maximum replacement of the matrix and further applicability in large-scale continuous polymeric production processes. Mechanical, thermal, and morphological characterization of the composites reveals the best composition to be of 30% composition, in the added view of maximum replacement of polymer matrix with the reinforcing filler, retention of requisite properties, reduced cost of manufacture and inventory, and reduction in the carbon footprint per unit dimensions in comparison with the wholly polymer component. The thermal properties of coir fiber-reinforced composites showed good improvement up to 134.5°C increase in onset degradation temperature while retaining matrix properties for sugarcane bagasse-reinforced composites.

Effects of Aging and Infill Pattern on Mechanical Properties of Hemp Reinforced PLA Composite Produced by Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alperen Dogru ◽  
Ayberk Sozen ◽  
Gokdeniz Neser ◽  
M. Ozgur Seydibeyoglu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Aging Effect ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Tensile Direction ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Tensile Performance ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Reinforcing natural fibers to polymer matrices provides an increase in mechanical properties. In addition, bio composite materials contribute to the sustainable ecosystem with its ease of recyclability. The effect of accelerated aging on the mechanical properties of PLA matrix bio composite specimens has been observed in previous research, but the effect of accelerated aging on the mechanical properties and the resulting mass loss of the material produced with fused filament fabrication (FFF) has been discussed for the first time in this study. Aging was applied to the bio composite consisted of 10% hemp and PLA matrix produced at a constant rate, parallel to the tensile direction and cross (+/– 45°) angle, and the results were examined as tensile stress and mass loss. The aging effect has been observed even from the first week. Specimens with parallel printing to tensile direction showed a lower tensile performance than cross printing one, since the structure in the laminates is quite durable, the adhesion performance in the laminate or through thickness direction has been low. Natural fibers are found so highly hygroscopic that chemical treatments will improve the interface and increase the mechanical properties.

Thermal Properties and Mechanical Performance of Unsaturated Polyester/Phenolic Blends Reinforced by Kenaf Fiber

2015 ◽  
Vol 1134 ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marliana Mohd Mahadar ◽  
Azman Hassan ◽  
Nor Yuziah Mohd Yunus ◽  
H.P.S. Abdul Khalil ◽  
Mohamad Haafiz Mohamad Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

In this study, unsaturated polyester resin (UP) is blended with resole type phenolic resin (PF) to develop a material with good flame retardancy. The UP/PF resin blends are expected to show good compatibility when compounded with natural fibers which in this research is kenaf fiber. The thermal properties were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The char yields of the UP/PF blends reinforced kenaf composite increased with PF content. The degradation temperature of the composite at 50% weight loss rose to 410.13°C as the PF content was increased to 40%. The result shows with additional of PF to UP resin enhance the thermal stability of the composite. Meanwhile the mechanical performance of UP/PF kenaf composite were evaluated and compared with neat UP and PF reinforced with kenaf fiber using tensile and impact testing. The mechanical properties of all resin blends at different mixing proportions slightly decrease by increasing the phenolic content but shown an improvement as compared to the PF kenaf fiber composite. The fracture surface morphology of the tensile testing samples of the composites was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Tribo-mechanical behavior of HDPE/Natural fibers filler composite materials

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (63) ◽  
pp. 3775-3781 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. Louvier-Hernández ◽  
E. García-Bustos ◽  
C. Hernández-Navarro ◽  
G. Mendoza-Leal ◽  
L.A. Alcaraz-Caracheo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Academic World ◽  
Automotive Components ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
Tensile Performance ◽  
Gear Wheels ◽  
Plastic Parts ◽  
Do So

ABSTRACTOver the last decade, polymer composites reinforced with natural fibers gained interest, both from the academic world and from various industries. Due to the demanding needs for environmentally friendly composites, the automotive industry is now searching for biodegradable and renewable composite materials and products. There are a wide variety of different natural fibers which can be applied as reinforcement or fillers, showing potential as a replacement for inorganic fibers in automotive components. The fact that plastics are often economical to produce implies an advantage especially in very complex shapes, make them promising for obtaining composite materials, achieving short demolding times, as no chemical reaction is required. Moreover, polymers are used increasingly for stressed tribological components, whereby plastic parts replace metallic bearings, gear wheels or sliding elements. In this regard, the objective of this work was to produce composite materials based on natural fibers and to characterize the influence of the addition of different amounts of filler. To do so, composites of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and peanut shells (PS), at different proportions (2, 4 6, 8 and 10% wt.), were prepared. The composites were produced by injection molding and molded into a particular tension test simple mold. Although the FTIR presented an increment on the O-H vibration and a band around 1600 cm-1, the HDPE structure did not present modification. The mechanical properties of the HDPE were affected with the inclusion of the fibers. The tensile performance of the HDPE decrease with the increment of the fibers inclusion whiles the elastic modulus increases. The sample with 2% of natural fibers presented the lowest wear rate (k) and coefficient of friction (µ).

scholarly journals Characterization of novel natural fiber from manau rattan (Calamus manan) as a potential reinforcement for polymer-based composites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linhu Ding ◽  
Xiaoshuai Han ◽  
Huiling Li ◽  
Jingquan Han ◽  
Lihua Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cellulosic Fibers ◽  
Degradation Temperature

Abstract The study on novel natural fibers in polymer-based composites will help promote the invention of novel reinforcement and expand their possible applications. Herein, novel cellulosic fibers were extracted from the stem of manau rattan (Calamus manan) by mechanical separation. It is the first time to comprehensively analyze and study the chemical, thermal, mechanical and morphological properties of manau rattan fibers by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), single fiber tensile test and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Component analysis results showed the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents of manau rattan fibers were 42, 20, and 27%, respectively. The surface of the rattan fiber was hydrophilic according to the oxygen/carbon ratio of 0.49. Manau rattan has a high crystalline index of 48.28%, inducing a high maximum degradation temperature of 332.8°C. This reveals that it can be used as a reinforcement for thermoplastic composites whose operating temperature is below 300°C. The average tensile strength can reach 273.28 MPa, which is beneficial to improve the mechanical properties of rattan fiber reinforced composites. SEM images displayed the rough surface of the fiber, which helps to enhance the interfacial adhesion between the fibers and matrices in composites. This work was also in comparison with some other natural fibers. The above analysis and research showed the great potential of manau rattan fibers as the reinforcement in polymer-based composites.

scholarly journals Mechanical Performance Analysis on Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1S4) ◽  
pp. 833-835
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Bamboo Fiber ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
Composite Production

The present study narrates about the performance of bamboo fiber against polymer matrix. Among different natural fibers bamboo proved to be a potential ones for effective composite production. Based on this aspect this research carried out by using bamboo fiber of length 5mm in chopped form as reinforcement unsaturated polyester used as matrix. The studies were done by varying the bamboo fiber weight percentage as 20, 30 and 40% weight respectively. The prepared specimens are subjected to tensile strength, flexural strength and Impact strength studies. Based on the results obtained this composite suggested for suitable application.

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