scholarly journals Selective Thermal Transformation of Automotive Shredder Residues into High-Value Nano Silicon Carbide

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2781
Author(s):  
Sepideh Hemati ◽  
Rumana Hossain ◽  
Veena Sahajwalla
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Transformation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Sic Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nano Silicon

Automotive waste represents both a global waste challenge and the loss of valuable embedded resources. This study provides a sustainable solution to utilise the mixed plastics of automotive waste residue (ASR) as a resource that will curtail the landfilling of hazardous waste and its adverse consequences to the environment. In this research, the selective thermal transformation has been utilised to produce nano silicon carbide (SiC) using mixed plastics and glass from automotive waste as raw materials. The composition and formation mechanisms of SiC nanoparticles have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-Ray-Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The as synthesised SiC nanoparticles at 1500 °C has uniform spherical shapes with the diameters of the fixed edges of about 50–100 nm with a porous structure. This facile way of synthesising SiC nanomaterials would lay the foundations for transforming complex wastes into value-added, high-performing materials, delivering significant economic and environmental benefits.

Characterization of columns grown during KrF laser micromachining of Al2O3–TiC ceramics

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1123-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Oliveira ◽  
R. Vilar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Column Formation ◽  
Krf Laser

This paper aims to contribute to the understanding of column formation mechanisms in Al2O3–TiC ceramics micromachined using excimer lasers. Chemical and structural characterization of columns grown in Al2O3–TiC composite processed with 200 KrF laser pulses at 10 J/cm2 was carried out by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction analysis. Fully developed columns consist of a core of unprocessed material surrounded by an outer layer of Al2TiO5, formed in oxidizing conditions, and an inner layer, formed in reducing conditions, composed of TiC and Al3Ti or an AlTi solid solution. Possible mechanisms of column formation are discussed.

Magnetic Properties of Bulk Zn0.95-XMnXFe0.05O2 Prepared by Sol-Gel Method and Subsequent Hot Pressing

2011 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 356-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Song Lin ◽  
C. H. Wen ◽  
Liang He
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Doped Zno

Mn, Fe doped ZnO powders (Zn0.95-xMnxFe0.05O2, x≤0.05) were synthesized by an ameliorated sol-gel method, using Zn(CH3COO)2, Mn(CH3COO)2and FeCl2as the raw materials, with the addition of vitamin C as a kind of chemical reducer. The resulting powder was subsequently compacted under pressure of 10 MPa at the temperature of 873K in vacuum. The crystal structure and magnetic properties of Zn0.95-xMnxFe0.05O2powder and bulk samples have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to study chemical valence of manganese, iron and zinc in the samples. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that Zn0.95-xMnxFe0.05O (x≤0.05) samples were single phase with the ZnO-like wurtzite structure. No secondary phase was found in the XRD spectrum. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that Fe and Mn existed in Zn0.95-xMnxFe0.05O2samples in Fe2+and Mn2+states. The results of VSM experiment proved the room temperature ferromagnetic properties (RTFP) of Mn, Fe co-doped ZnO samples.

Deposition of gold nanoparticles on organo-kaolinite — Application in electrocatalysis for carbon monoxide oxidation

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (7) ◽  
pp. 845-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadok Letaief ◽  
Wendy Pell ◽  
Christian Detellier
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Carbon Monoxide Oxidation ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Metallic State ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
X Ray

The clay mineral kaolinite was used as support of gold nanoparticles for heterogeneous catalysis of oxidation reactions, particularly of carbon monoxide oxidation. The application of clay minerals in the preparation of new functional materials provides an alternative approach for the use of these abundant raw materials. To improve the physicochemical properties of kaolinite, as well as to ensure a strong immobilization of the adsorbed species, kaolinite was functionalized by grafting 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol on the internal and external surfaces of the octahedral sheets by reaction with the aluminol groups. Gold nanoparticles were then deposited on the external surfaces of the fine particles of the functionalized kaolinite. The resulting gold kaolinite nanohybrid material was characterized by various physicochemical techniques. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry confirmed that gold was effectively reduced to the metallic state during adsorption onto the external surfaces of the modified kaolinite. The gold nanoparticles have a narrow size distribution: more than 88% are less than 4 nm in diameter. Gold nanoparticles deposited on kaolinite catalyze the electro-oxidation of carbon monoxide in alkaline solution at room temperature.

Oxidation of silicon carbide and the formation of silica polymorphs

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 2550-2563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime J-F. Guinel ◽  
M. Grant Norton
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Polycrystalline Silicon ◽  
Ambient Pressure ◽  
Silicon Oxycarbide ◽  
Oxide Scales ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Polycrystalline Silicon Carbide ◽  
Crystalline Films

The oxidation of both single crystal and relatively pure polycrystalline silicon carbide, between 973 and 2053 K, resulted in the formation of cristobalite, quartz, or tridymite, which are the stable crystalline polymorphs of silica (SiO2) at ambient pressure. The oxide scales were found to be pure SiO2 with no contamination resulting from the oxidizing environment. The only variable affecting the occurrence of a specific polymorph was the oxidation temperature. Cristobalite was formed at temperatures ≥1673 K, tridymite between 1073 and 1573 K, and quartz formed at 973 K. The polymorphs were determined using electron diffraction in a transmission electron microscope. These results were further confirmed using infrared and Raman spectroscopies. Cristobalite was observed to grow in a spherulitic fashion from amorphous silica. This was not the case for tridymite and quartz, which appeared to grow as oriented crystalline films. The presence of a thin silicon oxycarbide interlayer was detected at the interface between the SiC substrate and the crystalline silica using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Characterization of Phosphor Doped Tetragonal Zirconia Nanocrystallites

2011 ◽  
Vol 197-198 ◽  
pp. 846-852
Author(s):  
Jian Jun Yin ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Wei Jing Xing
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Tetragonal Zirconia ◽  
Zirconium Oxychloride ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Hydrothermal Temperature ◽  
X Ray

Using zirconium oxychloride hydrate ( ZrOCl2•8H2O) and ammonia water (NH3•H2O) as raw materials, and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4) as additives, tetragonal zirconia (t-ZrO2) with size range of 8–12 nm were prepared by coprecipitation method under hydrothermal conditions. The influence factors on phase transformation and the particle size such as phosphor loading, hydrothermal temperature and calcination temperature were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform Roman spectra (FT-Roman), the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques etc. Research results show that a small amount of phosphor has been incorporated into the framework of ZrO2 crystals, producing a certain amount of oxygen vacancies. Phosphor can effectively restrain crystal particles growth and improve the thermal stability of metastable t-ZrO2. The phosphor doped t-ZrO2 had a high surface area (244.2 m2/g). In contrast to the pure ZrO2 particles readily aggregating, the phosphor species deposited on the framework of ZrO2 crystals prevented the agglomeration of the primary particles during calcinations.

Synthesis of Silicon Carbide Nanoparticles from Carbon Nanotubes

2012 ◽  
Vol 602-604 ◽  
pp. 183-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Rong Wu ◽  
Jin Li ◽  
Yan Fei Sun ◽  
Ji Kang Jian
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sic Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Cubic Silicon Carbide ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, we report the synthesis of cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) nanoparticles by direction reaction of silicon powders and carbon nanotubes. The as-prepared SiC nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Raman scattering at room temperature. The possible growth mechanism is proposed.

Study on Sulfur Existing Form in Sinter

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 1279-1283
Author(s):  
Yu Zhu Zhang ◽  
Su Ju Hao ◽  
Wu Feng Jiang ◽  
Yue Long
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Value Added ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Analysis ◽  
Metallurgical Production ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Calcium Sulphide ◽  
Existing Form

Lower sulfur content is absolutely necessary for high value-added quality steel, so it is required to reduce sulfur content of product in each link of metallurgical production. Sintering is one of important links to provide blast furnace raw materials. Study on Sulfur existing form in Sinter can provide significant theoretical guide on sulfur distribution in metallurgical production. In this paper, small sintering experiments were carried out and sinter samples with different alkalinities were prepared. The samples were characterized by mineralogical analysis and X-ray diffraction. The results show that Sulfur existing form in Sinter is calcium sulphide (CaS). CaS can not be oxidized and melted down in the following process of blast furnace iron-making and can directly enters into slag for discharge outside the furnace.

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