scholarly journals Quantitative Estimation of Cell-Associated Silver Nanoparticles Using the Normalized Side Scattering Intensities of Flow Cytometry

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3079
Author(s):  
Yoo Jin Shim ◽  
My Kieu Ha ◽  
Tae Hyun Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Exposure Conditions

Quantification of cellular nanoparticles (NPs) is one of the most important steps in studying NP–cell interactions. Here, a simple method for the estimation of cell-associated silver (Ag) NPs in lung cancer cells (A549) is proposed based on their side scattering (SSC) intensities measured by flow cytometry (FCM). To estimate cellular Ag NPs associated with A549 cells over a broad range of experimental conditions, we measured the normalized SSC intensities (nSSC) of A549 cells treated with Ag NPs with five different core sizes (i.e., 40–200 nm, positively charged) under various exposure conditions that reflect different situations of agglomeration, diffusion, and sedimentation in cell culture media, such as upright and inverted configurations with different media heights. Then, we correlated these nSSC values with the numbers of cellular Ag NPs determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) as a well-established cross-validation method. The different core sizes of Ag NPs and the various exposure conditions tested in this study confirmed that the FCM-SSC intensities are highly correlated with their core sizes as well as the amount of cellular Ag NPs over a linear range up to ~80,000 Ag NPs/cell and ~23 nSSC, which is significantly broader than those of previous studies.

A simple equation to correct for gadolinium interference on plasma selenium measurement using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-241
Author(s):  
Scott Wilschefski ◽  
Matthew Baxter ◽  
Gertruida Pool
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Plasma Selenium ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Delays In Diagnosis

Background The measurement of selenium in human plasma is useful to assess deficiency or toxicity. The presence of gadolinium in clinical samples following administration of certain contrast agents used for magnetic resonance imaging can cause a significant positive bias in selenium results when measured using quadrupole inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (Q-ICP-MS). Methods A mathematical equation to correct for gadolinium interference was assessed using both patient samples and commercial quality control/external quality assurance (QC/EQA) materials spiked with gadolinium. Samples were analysed using an Agilent 7900 ICP-MS operated in ‘narrow peak’ (half-mass) mode. Accuracy was evaluated by comparing corrected selenium results with target concentrations. Results Corrected results were found to be accurate at all gadolinium concentrations tested (2, 4, 10 and 20 mg/L). Average recoveries ranged from 97.4 to 106.5%. Results for QC/EQA materials were within specified target ranges. Within-run imprecision was <3%, and between-run imprecision was <4.3%, demonstrating robustness. Conclusions The correction equation described here is a simple method to correct for gadolinium interference on plasma selenium measurement using ICP-MS. This approach eliminates the need for specimen recollections, and improves patient care by reducing laboratory turnaround times and preventing delays in diagnosis/treatment.

scholarly journals Biosynthetic Conversion of Ag+ to highly Stable Ag0 Nanoparticles by Wild Type and Cell Wall Deficient Strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashiqur Rahman ◽  
Shishir Kumar ◽  
Adarsh Bafana ◽  
Si Dahoumane ◽  
Clayton Jeffryes
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Specialized Equipment ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Over Time

In the current study, two different strains of the green, freshwater microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii bioreduced Ag+ to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which have applications in biosensors, biomaterials, and therapeutic and diagnostic tools. The bioreduction takes place in cell cultures of C. reinhardtii at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure, thus eliminating the need for specialized equipment, harmful reducing agents or the generation of toxic byproducts. In addition to the visual changes in the cell culture, the production of AgNPs was confirmed by the characteristic surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band in the range of 415–425 nm using UV-Vis spectrophotometry and further evolution of the SPR peaks were studied by comparing the peak intensity at maximum absorbance over time. X-ray diffraction (XRD) determined that the NPs were Ag0. Micrographs from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that 97 ± 2% AgNPs were <10 nm in diameter. Ag+ to AgNP conversion was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The AgNPs were stable over time in the cell culture media, acetone, NaCl and reagent alcohol solutions. This was verified by a negligible change in the features of the SPR band after t > 300 days of storage at 4 °C.

Imaging of Ag NP transport through collagen-rich microstructures in fibroblast multicellular spheroids by high-resolution laser ablation inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry

The Analyst ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 144 (16) ◽  
pp. 4935-4942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Arakawa ◽  
Norbert Jakubowski ◽  
Gunda Koellensperger ◽  
Sarah Theiner ◽  
Andreas Schweikert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Laser Ablation ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Multicellular Spheroids ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry

Intercellular Cu increased along with the number of accumulated Ag NPs.

scholarly journals Gold Partitioning in a Model Multiphase Mineral-Hydrothermal Fluid System: Distribution Coefficients, Speciation and Segregation

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Lipko ◽  
Vladimir Tauson ◽  
Valeriy Bychinskii
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Crystal Defects ◽  
Geothermal Systems ◽  
Fluid System ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Icp Ms

The characteristics of Au partitioning in a multiphase, multicomponent hydrothermal system at 450 °C and 1 kbar pressure were obtained using experimental and computational physicochemical modelling and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) analysis. Sphalerite and magnetite contained 0.1–0.16 ± 0.02 µg/g Au and coexisted with galena and bornite which contained up to 73 ± 5 and 42 ± 10 µg/g Au, respectively. Bornite and chalcopyrite were the most effective Au scavengers with cocrystallization coefficients Au/Fe and Au/Cu in mineral-fluid system n–n × 10−2. Sphalerite and magnetite were the weakest Au absorbers, although Fe impurity in sphalerite facilitated Au uptake. Using the phase composition correlation principle, Au solubility in minerals was estimated (µg/g Au): low-Fe sphalerite = 0.7, high-Fe sphalerite = 5, magnetite = 1, pyrite = 3, pyrite-Mn = 7, pyrite-Cu = 10, pyrrhotite = 21, chalcopyrite = 110, bornite = 140 and galena = 240. The sequence reflected increasing metallicity of chemical bonds. Gold segregation occurred at crystal defects, and on surfaces, and influenced Au distribution due to its segregation at crystal interblock boundaries enriched in Cu-containing submicron phases. The LA-ICP-MS analysis of bulk and surficial gold admixtures revealed elevated Au content in surficial crystal layers, especially for bornite and galena, indicating the presence of a superficial nonautonomous phase (NAP) and dualism in the distribution of gold. Thermodynamic calculations showed that changes in experimental conditions, primarily in sulfur regime, increased the content of the main gold species (AuCl2− and AuHS0) and decreased the content of FeCl20, the prevailing form of iron in the fluid phase. The elevation of S2 and H2S fugacity affected Au partitioning and cocrystallization coefficients. Using Au content in pyrite, chalcopyrite, magnetite and bornite from volcanic-sedimentary, skarn-hosted and magmatic-hydrothermal sulfide deposits, the ranges of metal ratios in fluids were estimated: Au/Fe = n × 10−4−n × 10−7 and Au/Cu = n × 10−4−n × 10−6. Pyrite and magnetite were crystallized from solutions enriched in Au compared to chalcopyrite and bornite. The presence of NAP, and associated dualism in distribution coefficients, strongly influenced Au partitioning, but this effect does not fully explain the high gold fractionation into mineral precipitates in low-temperature geothermal systems.

Tephra from Ice—A Simple Method to Routinely Mount, Polish, and Quantitatively Analyze Sparse Fine Particles

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Kuehn ◽  
Duane G. Froese
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Graphite Substrate ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Glacial Ice ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Liquid Suspension ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Multiple Sample

AbstractA method involving a graphite substrate has been developed for the mounting and analysis of sparse, fine particles from a liquid suspension to enable improved study of volcanic ash (tephra) and atmospheric dust preserved in glacial ice. Unpolished grains may be studied by scanning electron microscope–energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) at full vacuum without the need for a conductive coating due to the close proximity of the underlying graphite. The same grains in the same relative positions may be subsequently examined in polished mounts by a variety of methods including SEM-EDS, electron probe microanalysis, laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and optical microscopy. Particles as small as 3–5 μm may be routinely and easily prepared for analysis as polished grains, and particles of significantly different sizes may be exposed simultaneously. The general approach also offers significant flexibility, including both single- and multiple-sample mounts, and may be adjusted to suit a variety of samples and analytical methods.

scholarly journals Environmental effects on arsenosugars and arsenolipids in Ectocarpus (Phaeophyta)

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ásta H. Pétursdóttir ◽  
Kyle Fletcher ◽  
Helga Gunnlaugsdóttir ◽  
Eva Krupp ◽  
Frithjof C. Küpper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Environmental context Arsenolipids, which are present in seaweed, can show high toxicity, emphasising the need for more information on these compounds. We investigated the effects of different stress factors on the arsenic compounds formed by cultures of brown algae, and compared the results with those from field-collected samples. We show that the arsenolipid and arsenosugar profiles differ depending on the experimental conditions, and that a deficiency in phosphate has a direct positive effect on the biosynthesis of arsenic-containing phospholipids. Abstract Seaweeds have recently been shown to contain a significant proportion of arsenic in the form of arsenolipids (AsLp). Three strains of the filamentous brown alga Ectocarpus species were grown in the laboratory with different simulations of environmental stress: control conditions (1/2 Provasoli-enriched seawater), low nitrate (30% of the amount of nitrates in the control), low phosphate (30% of the amount of phosphate in the control) and under oxidative stress levels (2mM H2O2). Generally, the major AsLp was an arsenic-containing hydrocarbon, AsHC360 (50–80%), but additionally, several arsenic-containing phospholipids (AsPL) were identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS/ESI-MS). The AsLps in cultures were compared with AsLps in Ectocarpus found in its natural habitat as well as with other brown filamentous algae. The AsLp and arsenosugar profiles differed depending on the experimental conditions. Under low phosphate conditions, a significant reduction of phosphorus-containing arsenosugars was noticed, and a significant increase of phosphate-containing AsLps was found when compared with the controls. Strains grown under oxidative stress showed a significant increase in AsLps as well as clear physiological changes.

Cellular Response of Titanium and Its Alloys as Implants

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Bhola ◽  
Shaily M Bhola ◽  
Brajendra Mishra ◽  
Reed Ayers ◽  
David L Olson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Alloy System ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Commercially Pure Titanium ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract The cellular response of osteocytes to commercially pure titanium (α) and its alloys (α + β and β) has been tested in a culture media, and the results have been supplemented by analyses from various techniques such as inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopic (ICP-AES) analysis, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), metallography, and electrochemical measurements. These results have been correlated with respect to the presence of various alloying elements in these alloys to qualify them for human application. The newer β alloys have been examined for their potential use as implants. These results serve as a preliminary baseline to characterize the best alloy system for a comprehensive long-term investigation.

scholarly journals Facile Analytical Methods to Determine the Purity of Titanium Tetrachloride

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Dongwook Lim ◽  
Sang-Deuk Kim ◽  
Hyungseok Kong ◽  
Daehyeon Nam ◽  
Sang Eun Shim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Titanium Tetrachloride ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Quantitative Properties

We propose a simple method to investigate both the qualitative and quantitative properties of titanium tetrachloride. The selection and concentration of the employed solvent were found to be very important in the analysis of highly reactive titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). Herein, we employed various concentrations of an acid solution to serve as a stabilizing medium. Qualitative analysis was performed via Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Additionally, the quantitative analysis was performed via inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). We concluded that both the qualitative and quantitative properties of titanium tetrachloride could be easily measured using a specific acidic solvent as a medium.

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