scholarly journals Polysaccharide Nanoparticles from Isatis indigotica Fort. Root Decoction: Diversity, Cytotoxicity, and Antiviral Activity

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Guanzhen Gao ◽  
Chuanqi He ◽  
Huiqin Wang ◽  
Jingke Guo ◽  
Lijing Ke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Mdck Cells ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Virus H1n1 ◽  
Isatis Indigotica ◽  
Protein Nanoparticles ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medical

It has been revealed that numerous nanoparticles are formed during the boiling preparation of traditional Chinese medical decoctions and culinary soups. They may possess physiological effects different from those of constituent components and are worth paying attention to but are barely noticed and investigated as of yet. In this study, six groups of nanoparticles, whose size ranged from 57 to 300 nm, were successfully isolated from the decoction of Isatis indigotica Fort. root, according to their particle size by the means of size-exclusive chromatography. All of the obtained nanoparticles have a high content of polysaccharides, which distinguishes them from the disclosed BLG protein nanoparticles. They also have high similarities in other compositions, surface charge, and stimuli responses. However, four out of these six nanoparticles (F2, F3, F4, and F5) exhibited significant antiviral activity against influenza virus H1N1, and their antiviral activities and cytotoxicity towards MDCK cells varied with their sizes. It suggested that the antiviral efficacy of BLG decoction could also be from its nanoparticles besides its well-known antiviral phytochemicals. It also implied that the biological effects of these polysaccharide nanoparticles, including cytotoxicity and antiviral activity, may be correlative with the physicochemical properties, especially the particle size.

scholarly journals #Nitrosocarbonyls 1: Antiviral Activity ofN-(4-Hydroxycyclohex-2-en-1-yl)quinoline-2-carboxamide against the Influenza A Virus H1N1

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalya Al-Saad ◽  
Misal Giuseppe Memeo ◽  
Paolo Quadrelli
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Nucleoside Analogues ◽  
Virus H1n1 ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
Carbocyclic Nucleoside

Influenza virus flu A H1N1 still remains a target for its inhibition with small molecules. Fleeting nitrosocarbonyl intermediates are at work in a short-cut synthesis of carbocyclic nucleoside analogues. The strategy of the synthetic approaches is presented along with thein vitroantiviral tests. The nucleoside derivatives were tested for their inhibitory activity against a variety of viruses. Promising antiviral activities were found for specific compounds in the case of flu A H1N1.

In silico screening of phytoconstituents with antiviral activities against SARS-COV-2 main protease, Nsp12 polymerase and Nsp13 helicase proteins

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jainey James ◽  
Divya Jyothi ◽  
Sneh Priya
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Molecular Interactions ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Hypothesis Model ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Pharmacophore Hypothesis

Aims: The present study aim was to analyse the molecular interactions of the phytoconstituents known for their antiviral activity with the SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural proteins such as main protease (6LU7), Nsp12 polymerase (6M71), and Nsp13 helicase (6JYT). The applied in silico methodologies was molecular docking and pharmacophore modeling using Schrodinger software. Methods: The phytoconstituents were taken from PubChem, and SARS-CoV-2 proteins were downloaded from the protein data bank. The molecular interactions, binding energy, ADMET properties and pharmacophoric features were analysed by glide XP, prime MM-GBSA, qikprop and phase application of Schrodinger respectively. The antiviral activity of the selected phytoconstituents was carried out by PASS predictor, online tools. Results: The docking score analysis showed that quercetin 3-rhamnoside (-8.77 kcal/mol) and quercetin 3-rhamnoside (-7.89 kcal/mol) as excellent products to bind with their respective targets such as 6LU7, 6M71 and 6JYT. The generated pharmacophore hypothesis model validated the docking results, confirming the hydrogen bonding interactions of the amino acids. The PASS online tool predicted constituent's antiviral potentials. Conclusion: The docked phytoconstituents showed excellent interactions with the SARS-CoV-2 proteins, and on the outset, quercetin 3-rhamnoside and quercetin 7-rhamnoside have well-interacted with all the three proteins, and these belong to the plant Houttuynia cordata. The pharmacophore hypothesis has revealed the characteristic features responsible for their interactions, and PASS prediction data has supported their antiviral activities. Thus, these natural compounds could be developed as lead molecules for antiviral treatment against SARS-CoV-2. Further in-vitro and in-vivo studies could be carried out to provide better drug therapy.

Mannosylated Solid Lipid Nanocarriers Of Chrysin To Target Gastric Cancer: Optimization and Cell line Study.

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia S. Pandey ◽  
Farhinbanu I. Shaikh ◽  
Arti R. Gupta ◽  
Rutvi J. Vaidya
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Solid Lipid ◽  
Lipid Nanocarriers

Background: Despite significant biological effects, the clinical use of chrysin has been restricted because of its poor oral bioavailability. Objective: The purpose of the present research was to investigate the targeting potential of Mannose decorated chrysin (5,7- dihydroxyflavone) loaded solid lipid nanocarrier (MC-SLNs) for gastric cancer. Methods: The Chrysin loaded SLNs (C-SLNs) were developed optimized, characterized and further mannosylated. The C-SLNs were developed with high shear homogenizer, optimized with 32 full factorial designs and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and evaluated for particle size/polydispersity index, zeta-potential, entrapment efficiency, % release and haemolytic toxicity. The ex-vivo cytotoxicity study was performed on gastric cancer (ACG) and normal cell lines. Results: DSC and XRD data predict the chrysin encapsulation in lipid core and FTIR results confirm the mannosylation of C-SLNs. The optimized C-SLNs exhibited a narrow size distribution with a particle size of 285.65 nm. The % Entrapment Efficiency (%EE) and % controlled release were found to be 74.43% and 64.83%. Once C-SLNs were coated with mannose, profound change was observed in dependent variable - increase in the particle size of MC-SLNs (307.1 nm) was observed with 62.87% release and 70.8% entrapment efficiency. Further, the in vitro studies depicted MC- SLNs to be least hemolytic than pure chrysin and C-SLNs. MC-SLNs were most cytotoxic and were preferably taken up ACG tumor cells as evaluated against C-SLNs. Conclusion: These data suggested that the MC-SLNs demonstrated better biocompatibility and targeting efficiency to treat the gastric cancer.

scholarly journals Trimeric heptad repeat synthetic peptides HR1 and HR2 efficiently inhibit HIV-1 entry

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olfa Mzoughi ◽  
Meritxell Teixido ◽  
Rémi Planès ◽  
Manutea Serrero ◽  
Ibtissem Hamimed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Heptad Repeat ◽  
Fusion Activity ◽  
Helical Structures ◽  
Fusion Inhibitors ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Physical Interactions ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract The trimeric heptad repeat domains HR1 and HR2 of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) gp41 play a key role in HIV-1-entry by membrane fusion. To develop efficient inhibitors against this step, the corresponding trimeric-N36 and C34 peptides were designed and synthesized. Analysis by circular dichroism of monomeric and trimeric N36 and C34 peptides showed their capacities to adopt α-helical structures and to establish physical interactions. At the virological level, while trimeric-C34 conserves the same high anti-fusion activity as monomeric-C34, trimerization of N36-peptide induced a significant increase, reaching 500-times higher in anti-fusion activity, against R5-tropic virus-mediated fusion. This result was associated with increased stability of the N36 trimer peptide with respect to the monomeric form, as demonstrated by the comparative kinetics of their antiviral activities during 6-day incubation in a physiological medium. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that while the trimerization of C34 peptide had no beneficial effect on its stability and antiviral activity, the trimerization of N36 peptide strengthened both stability and antiviral activity. This approach, promotes trimers as new promising HIV-1 inhibitors and point to future development aimed toward innovative peptide fusion inhibitors, microbicides or as immunogens.

scholarly journals Zinc Supplements in COVID-19 Pathogenesis-Current Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Majeed M ◽  
◽  
Chavez M ◽  
Nagabhushanam K ◽  
Mundkur L ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Zinc Supplement ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Zinc Supplements

Zinc is an indispensable trace element required for several critical functions of the human body. Deficiencies of micronutrients can impair immune function and increase susceptibility to infectious disease. It is noteworthy that higher susceptibility to the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection is seen in individuals with micronutrient deficiencies and poorer overall nutrition. Research in the last two decades suggests that one-third of the global population may be deficient in zinc, which affects the health and well-being of individuals of all ages and gender. Zinc deficiency is now considered one of the factors associated with susceptibility to infection and the detrimental progression of COVID-19. The trace element is essential for immunocompetence and antiviral activity, rendering zinc supplements highly popular and widely consumed. Zinc supplements are required in small doses daily, and their absorption is affected by food rich in fiber and phytase. The organic forms of zinc such as picolinate, citrate, acetate, gluconate, and the monomethionine complexes are better absorbed and have biological effects at lower doses than inorganic salts. Considering the present global scenario, choosing the right zinc supplement is essential for maintaining good health. In the present review, we reexamine the role of zinc in immunity and antiviral activity and a comparative account of different forms of zinc supplements.

scholarly journals Biological and physiological effects of Coriandrum sativum on House fly Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Alcohol Extract ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Morphological Aberration ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Fruit Powder

This Study is conducted to evaluate effects of (leaves, fruits) powder and (oil, alcohol) extract of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) plant on some biological and physiological aspects of House fly, Musca domestica at laboratory conditions. Result show that these preparations caused biological effects represented in high dead percentage in second instar, fed on different concentrations of food treated with them reached to 27.6, 55.3 at concentration 20% of leaf and fruit powder respectively and 67.3, 77.2% at 10% of oil and alcohol extract of fruit, respectively. Furthermore, study also show reduction in pupation and adults emergence percentage. However, leafs powder had slighter effect than powder and extract of fruit of tested plant. The study show physiological effects in treated larvae such as molting failure at subsequent molt to larvae , pupa or to adult, also morphological aberration represented in small size, dark pigment, reduce age and folding of the adult wings. In almost cases, the higher concentration the more morphogenetic aberration. This study leads us to conclude that coriander had chemical compounds which played a negative role in some biological and physiological aspects of house fly.

scholarly journals Antiviral Activity of Fritillaria thunbergii Extract against Human Influenza Virus H1N1 (PR8) In Vitro, In Ovo and In Vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjee Kim ◽  
Dinh-Van Nguyen ◽  
Yoonki Heo ◽  
Ki Hoon Park ◽  
Hyun-Dong Paik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Virus H1n1 ◽  
Human Influenza ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Human Influenza Virus

scholarly journals Cellular uptake and biological effects of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide analogs targeted to herpes simplex virus.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1670-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Shoji ◽  
J Shimada ◽  
Y Mizushima ◽  
A Iwasawa ◽  
Y Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide ◽  
Acceptor Site ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Hsv 1

In this study, we synthesized antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) with phosphodiester, phosphorothioate (S-ODNs), or methylphosphonate linkages complementary to the splicing acceptor site of immediate-early pre-mRNA 5 of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The antiviral activity of each analog on cytopathic effect in cells infected with HSV-1 or HSV-2 was assessed and compared with the cellular uptake of the analog. We found that antisense S-ODNs showed the most potent antiherpetic activity, with 50% inhibitory concentrations of 5 microM for HSV-1 and 0.25 microM for HSV-2. The antiviral effect of antisense S-ODNs was stronger and longer acting than that of acyclovir. Cell association of S-ODNs was the highest and paralleled antiviral activity. Furthermore, some fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled S-ODNs were recognized in the nuclei in HSV-1 infected cells by confocal laser scanning microscopy. S-ODNs located in the nucleus could access the targeted mRNA, which might be responsible for the antiviral activities. Although our study also showed non-sequence-specific activity, which implies that multiple mechanisms are involved, S-ODNs are a promising novel anti-herpetic agent.

scholarly journals Physiological effects of fibre-rich types of bread

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Van Dokkum ◽  
Anneke Wesstra ◽  
Francien A. Schippers
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
White Bread ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Mineral Balance ◽  
High Fibre ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Wholemeal Bread

1. Twelve young adult male volunteers were given a low-fibre white bread diet (9 g neutral-detergent fibre (NDF)/d) and a medium-fibre coarse-bran bread diet (22 g NDF/d), each lasting 20 d. In a third period of 20 d the volunteers were subdivided in groups of four, consuming a high-fibre coarse-bran bread diet (35 g NDF/d). a medium-fibre fine-bran bread diet (22 g NDF/d, bran particle size < 0.35 mm) or a wholemeal bread diet (22 g NDF/d), Retention of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and copper were determined during each 20 d period.2. An increase of the amount of dietary fibre (through bran in bread) from 9 g to 22 g NDF/d resulted in a significantly increased mineral intake, but also faecal excretion increased significantly; mineral retention remained almost constant.3. Both intake and faecal excretion of all minerals studied, except faecal Ca. increased further (P < 0.05) on the diet providing 35 g NDF/d: only Fe balance decreased significantly. No significant differences with respect to intake, excretion (except urinary Ca) and balance of the minerals could be detected between the coarse-bran bread and fine-bran bread diets providing 22 g NDF/d. Faecal Fe, Cu balance and Mg balance increased significantly during the wholemeal bread period compared to the coarse-bran bread diet providing 22 g NDF.4. Serum cholesterol increased significantly, i.e. by 0.3 mmol/1, during the coarse-bran bread diet providing 22 g NDF, compared to the white-bread diet.5. It is concluded that increasing the amount of bran in bread does not appear to affect mineral balance considerably but there seems to be an influence on mineral availability. The increased intake was accompanied by increased faecal excretion.

Differential expression and activity of the porcine type I interferon family

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongming Sang ◽  
Raymond R. R. Rowland ◽  
Richard A. Hesse ◽  
Frank Blecha
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Type I Interferons ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Type I ◽  
Antiviral Responses ◽  
Type I Ifns ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis

Type I interferons (IFNs) are central to innate and adaptive immunity, and many have unique developmental and physiological functions. However, in most species, only two subtypes, IFN-α and IFN-β, have been well studied. Because of the increasing importance of zoonotic viral diseases and the use of pigs to address human research questions, it is important to know the complete repertoire and activity of porcine type I IFNs. Here we show that porcine type I IFNs comprise at least 39 functional genes distributed along draft genomic sequences of chromosomes 1 and 10. These functional IFN genes are classified into 17 IFN-α subtypes, 11 IFN-δ subtypes, 7 IFN-ω subtypes, and single-subtype subclasses of IFN-αω, IFN-β, IFN-ε, and IFN-κ. We found that porcine type I IFNs have diverse expression profiles and antiviral activities against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), with activity ranging from 0 to >105 U·ng−1·ml−1. Whereas most IFN-α subtypes retained the greatest antiviral activity against both PRRSV and VSV in porcine and MARC-145 cells, some IFN-δ and IFN-ω subtypes, IFN-β, and IFN-αω differed in their antiviral activity based on target cells and viruses. Several IFNs, including IFN-α7/11, IFN-δ2/7, and IFN-ω4, exhibited minimal or no antiviral activity in the tested target cell-virus systems. Thus comparative studies showed that antiviral activity of porcine type I IFNs is virus- and cell-dependent, and IFN-αs are positively correlated with induction of MxA, an IFN-stimulated gene. Collectively, these data provide fundamental genomic information for porcine type I IFNs, information that is necessary for understanding porcine physiological and antiviral responses.

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