scholarly journals Scaffolds for Chondrogenic Cells Cultivation Prepared from Bacterial Cellulose with Relaxed Fibers Structure Induced Genetically

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Jacek ◽  
Marcin Szustak ◽  
Katarzyna Kubiak ◽  
Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach ◽  
Karolina Ludwicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Glycosaminoglycan Synthesis ◽  
Nano Cellulose ◽  
Komagataeibacter Hansenii

Development of three-dimensional scaffolds mimicking in vivo cells’ environment is an ongoing challenge for tissue engineering. Bacterial nano-cellulose (BNC) is a well-known biocompatible material with enormous water-holding capacity. However, a tight spatial organization of cellulose fibers limits cell ingrowth and restricts practical use of BNC-based scaffolds. The aim of this study was to address this issue avoiding any chemical treatment of natural nanomaterial. Genetic modifications of Komagataeibacter hansenii ATCC 23769 strain along with structural and mechanical properties characterization of obtained BNC membranes were conducted. Furthermore, the membranes were evaluated as scaffolds in in vitro assays to verify cells viability and glycosaminoglycan synthesis by chondrogenic ATDC5 cells line as well as RBL-2H3 mast cells degranulation. K. hansenii mutants with increased cell lengths and motility were shown to produce BNC membranes with increased pore sizes. Novel, BNC membranes with relaxed fiber structure revealed superior properties as scaffolds when compared to membranes produced by a wild-type strain. Obtained results confirm that a genetic modification of productive bacterial strain is a plausible way of adjustment of bacterial cellulose properties for tissue engineering applications without the employment of any chemical modifications.

Tough Double-Network Hydrogels as Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

2012 ◽  
pp. 213-222
Author(s):  
Jing Jing Yang ◽  
Jian Fang Liu ◽  
Takayuki Kurokawa ◽  
Nobuto Kitamura ◽  
Kazunori Yasuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Embryoid Bodies ◽  
Living Tissue ◽  
Double Network ◽  
Dimensional Network

Hydrogels are used as scaffolds for tissue engineering in vitro & in vivo because their three-dimensional network structure and viscoelasticity are similar to those of the macromolecular-based extracellular matrix (ECM) in living tissue. Especially, the synthetic hydrogels with controllable and reproducible properties were used as scaffolds to study the behaviors of cells in vitro and implanted test in vivo. In this review, two different structurally designed hydrogels, single-network (SN) hydrogels and double-network (DN) hydrogels, were used as scaffolds. The behavior of two cell types, anchorage-dependent cells and anchorage-independent cells, and the differentiation behaviors of embryoid bodies (EBs) were investigated on these hydrogels. Furthermore, the behavior of chondrocytes on DN hydrogels in vitro and the spontaneous cartilage regeneration induced by DN hydrogels in vivo was examined.

scholarly journals Tissue-engineered Oral Mucosa

2012 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 642-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Moharamzadeh ◽  
H. Colley ◽  
C. Murdoch ◽  
V. Hearnden ◽  
W.L. Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Oral Mucosa ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bacterial Invasion ◽  
Graft Material ◽  
Oral Diseases

Advances in tissue engineering have permitted the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of human oral mucosa for various in vivo and in vitro applications. Tissue-engineered oral mucosa have been further optimized in recent years for clinical applications as a suitable graft material for intra-oral and extra-oral repair and treatment of soft-tissue defects. Novel 3D in vitro models of oral diseases such as cancer, Candida, and bacterial invasion have been developed as alternatives to animal models for investigation of disease phenomena, their progression, and treatment, including evaluation of drug delivery systems. The introduction of 3D oral mucosal reconstructs has had a significant impact on the approaches to biocompatibility evaluation of dental materials and oral healthcare products as well as the study of implant-soft tissue interfaces. This review article discusses the recent advances in tissue engineering and applications of tissue-engineered human oral mucosa.

Requirements for the Manufacturing of Scaffold Biomaterial With Features at Multiple Scales

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Sebastine ◽  
D. J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Orientation ◽  
Length Scales

Tissue engineering aims to restore the complex function of diseased tissue using cells and scaffold materials. Tissue engineering scaffolds are three-dimensional (3D) structures that assist in the tissue engineering process by providing a site for cells to attach, proliferate, differentiate and secrete an extra-cellular matrix, eventually leading cells to form a neo-tissue of predetermined, three-dimensional shape and size. For a scaffold to function effectively, it must possess the optimum structural parameters conducive to the cellular activities that lead to tissue formation; these include cell penetration and migration into the scaffold, cell attachment onto the scaffold substrate, cell spreading and proliferation and cell orientation. In vivo, cells are organized in functional tissue units that repeat on the order of 100 μm. Fine scaffold features have been shown to provide control over attachment, migration and differentiation of cells. In order to design such 3D featured constructs effectively understanding the biological response of cells across length scales from nanometer to millimeter range is crucial. Scaffold biomaterials may need to be tailored at three different length scales: nanostructure (<1μm), microstructure (<20–100μm), and macrostructure (>100μm) to produce biocompatible and biofunctional scaffolds that closely resemble the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the natural tissue environment and promote cell adhesion, attachment, spreading, orientation, rate of movement, and activation. Identification of suitable fabrication techniques for manufacturing scaffolds with the required features at multiple scales is a significant challenge. This review highlights the effect and importance of the features of scaffolds that can influence the behaviour of cells/tissue at different length scales in vitro to increase our understanding of the requirements for the manufacture of functional 3D tissue constructs.

scholarly journals Spider Silk for Tissue Engineering Applications

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahar Salehi ◽  
Kim Koeck ◽  
Thomas Scheibel
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Spider Silk ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Silk Proteins ◽  
Natural Production ◽  
Recombinant Production ◽  
Natural Biomaterial

Due to its properties, such as biodegradability, low density, excellent biocompatibility and unique mechanics, spider silk has been used as a natural biomaterial for a myriad of applications. First clinical applications of spider silk as suture material go back to the 18th century. Nowadays, since natural production using spiders is limited due to problems with farming spiders, recombinant production of spider silk proteins seems to be the best way to produce material in sufficient quantities. The availability of recombinantly produced spider silk proteins, as well as their good processability has opened the path towards modern biomedical applications. Here, we highlight the research on spider silk-based materials in the field of tissue engineering and summarize various two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds made of spider silk. Finally, different applications of spider silk-based materials are reviewed in the field of tissue engineering in vitro and in vivo.

scholarly journals Structure of hibernating ribosomes studied by cryoelectron tomography in vitro and in situ

2010 ◽  
Vol 190 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio O. Ortiz ◽  
Florian Brandt ◽  
Valério R.F. Matias ◽  
Lau Sennels ◽  
Juri Rappsilber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Escherichia Coli Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional Configuration

Ribosomes arranged in pairs (100S) have been related with nutritional stress response and are believed to represent a “hibernation state.” Several proteins have been identified that are associated with 100S ribosomes but their spatial organization has hitherto not been characterized. We have used cryoelectron tomography to reveal the three-dimensional configuration of 100S ribosomes isolated from starved Escherichia coli cells and we have described their mode of interaction. In situ studies with intact E. coli cells allowed us to demonstrate that 100S ribosomes do exist in vivo and represent an easily reversible state of quiescence; they readily vanish when the growth medium is replenished.

Laser-based 3D cell printing for tissue engineering

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lothar Koch ◽  
Andrea Deiwick ◽  
Boris Chichkov
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Cell Printing ◽  
Printing Technique ◽  
Cell Patterns ◽  
Printing Techniques

AbstractCurrently, different 3D printing techniques are investigated for printing biomaterials and living cells. An ambitious aim is the printing of fully functional tissue or organs. Furthermore, for manifold applications in biomedical research and in testing of pharmaceuticals or cosmetics, printed tissue could be a new method, partly substituting test animals. Here we describe a laser-based printing technique applied for the arrangement of vital cells in two and three-dimensional patterns and for tissue engineering. First printed tissue, tested in vitro and in vivo, and printing of cell patterns for investigating cell-cell interactions are presented.

scholarly journals Graphene Coated Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering: Physicochemical and Osteogenic Characterizations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajad Bahrami ◽  
Nafiseh Baheiraei ◽  
Mostafa Shahrezaee
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cranial Bone ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Alizarin Red

Abstract Variety of bone-related diseases and injures and limitations of traditional regeneration methods need to introduce new tissue substitutes. Tissue engineering and regeneration combined with nanomedicine can provide different natural or synthetic and combined scaffolds with bone mimicking properties for implant in the injured area. In this study, we synthesized collagen (Col) and reduced graphene oxide coated collagen (Col-rGO) scaffolds and evaluated their in vitro and in vivo effects on bone tissue repair. Col and Col-rGO scaffolds were synthesized by chemical crosslinking and freeze-drying methods. The surface topography, mechanical and chemical properties of scaffolds were characterized and showed three-dimensional (3D) porous scaffolds and successful coating of rGO on Col. rGO coating enhanced mechanical strength of Col-rGO scaffolds compared with Col scaffolds by 2.8 folds. Furthermore, Col-rGO scaffolds confirmed that graphene addition not only did not any cytotoxic effects but also enhanced human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) viability and proliferation with 3D adherence and expansion. Finally, scaffolds implantation into rabbit cranial bone defect for 12 weeks showed increased bone formation, confirmed by Hematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) and alizarin red staining. Altogether, the study showed that rGO coating improves Col scaffold properties and could be a promising implant for bone injuries.

scholarly journals Chondrocyte Spheroids Laden in GelMA/HAMA Hybrid Hydrogel for Tissue-Engineered Cartilage with Enhanced Proliferation, Better Phenotype Maintenance, and Natural Morphological Structure

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 247
Author(s):  
Guanhuier Wang ◽  
Yang An ◽  
Xinling Zhang ◽  
Pengbing Ding ◽  
Hongsen Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Hybrid Hydrogel

Three-dimensional cell-laden tissue engineering has become an extensive research direction. This study aimed to evaluate whether chondrocyte spheroids (chondro-spheroids) prepared using the hanging-drop method could develop better cell proliferation and morphology maintenance characteristics, and be optimized as a micro unit for cartilage tissue engineering. Chondro-spheroids were loaded into a cross-linkable hybrid hydrogel of gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and hyaluronic acid methacrylate (HAMA) in vivo and in vitro. Cell proliferation, aggregation, cell morphology maintenance as well as cartilage-related gene expression and matrix secretion in vitro and in vivo were evaluated. The results indicated that compared with chondrocyte-laden hydrogel, chondro-spheroid-laden hydrogel enhanced proliferation, had better phenotype maintenance, and a more natural morphological structure, which made it appropriate for use as a micro unit in cartilage tissue engineering.

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